\ 



I 



TO THE PEOPLE OF AMERICA 
WHO LOVE WITH EQUAL ARDOR 
THE BEAUTIFUL AND THE TRUE 
THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED 




T H E a R F. R N I N C, PICTORIAL S YS T E M OF I, A N I) S C Al' E G A R IJ E N 1 N G 



UNVEILING OF THE EQUESTRIAN STATUE IN HONOR OF MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER 

AT MONROE, MICHIGAN, JUNE 4, 1910 



President Taf't, Governor Warner. Hon. Otto Kirsohner 
on Speaker's f Lat'orm 



Custer Statue at moment of Unveilinp 
Mrs. Custer Tulled the Kil)l)on 



wlien 



Hon. Charles E. Greening 
Introducing Mrs. Custer to President Taft 

The old bronze miniature Custer Statuette, 

for thirty years in custody of the Old Guard St. Mary's Academy, wliore President Taft \\"as given 

at Washington, D. C, which was pre.sented to a Reception, showing Decorative Planting by the 

Charles E. Greening Greening Landscape Co. 

Portrait of Charles E. Greening, Silver Loving Cup presented to 

President of Greening Nursery Co. Charles E. Greening by the City of Monroe 

and Greening Landscape Co. in appreciation of liis management of the Custer matter 



TRIBUTES OF HONOR ACCORDED HON. CHARLES E. GREENING 
INT RECOGNITION OF HIS SERVICES IN SECURING THE ERECTION OF THE CUSTER STATUE 



THE AUTHOR'S OWN 
GARDEN 

First a plant is married to the soil — 
And a garden world is lioni. 

IN the course of a very active bttsiness career I have 
found great solace in taking care of my garden, minis- 
tering to the wants of the trees, shrubs and other plants 
that compose it, and forgetting my troubles in their tender 
ministrations to me. A wonderful thing is a garden ! It 
is in very truth the " balm of hurt minds and tired nature's 
sweet restorer." The man who has become brain-weary 
in the never-ending grind of gold-getting can find surcease 
from all his cares and attain a real renewal of }'outh by 
working a few minutes a day among his flowers. Every 
plant speaks a message, from the little Scarlet Runner 
that comes like a poem of regret from the sad heart of 
the earth, to the Giant Oak that tells of sturdy strength 
and mocks at every storm. In such associations a man 
gathers poise and calm for toils to come and feels a zest 
for every jest. . Those who love a garden die young — no 
matter how old they live. 

So much pleasure has come to me from the care of 
my gardens, both in the city and at my country home, that 
I append a few pictures illustrating mv hobby, hoping it 
may inspire others to follow my example and share the 
joy that has been mine throtigh the cultivation of flowers. 




CHARLES E. GREENING AND HIS BEAUTIFUL GARDEN 



Lading out grounds, as it is called, may be considered as a liberal art, in some sort like poetry and 
painting; and its object, like that of all the liberal arts, is, or ought to be, to move the affections under 
the control of good sense. If this be so when we are merely putting together words or colois, how much 
more ought the feeling to prevail when we are in the midst of the realities of things; of the beauty and 
harmony, of the joy and happiness of living creatures; of men and children, of birds and beasts, of 
hills and streams, and trees and flowers, with the changes of night and day, evening and morning, 
summer and winter, and all their unwearied actions and energies. — WORDSWORTH. 



The publication of this book is the culmination of a lifetime of effort and 
study, and it is hoped that its presentation in pictorial form will prove valuable 
to all lovers of beautiful homes. 



the greening 
Pictorial System of Landscape Gardening 



BEING A SYSTEM OF DECORATIVE PLANTING 
BASED ON PICTORIAL ART, WHEREBY GROUNDS 
ARE MADE BEAUTIFLTL BY TASTEFUL COMPOSI- 
TIONS OF TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND FLOWERS 
ARTISTICALLY ARRANGED. IT IS DESIGNED FOR 
THE EASY COMPREHENSION OF AMATEUR GAR- 
DENERS AND AS A REFERENCE BOOK FOR LAND- 
SCAPE ARCHITECTS, THE OBJECT OF THE AUTHOR 
BEING TO EDUCATE THOSE WHO ARE EARNESTLY 
INTERESTED IN THE BEAUTIFICATION OF OUR 
CITIES AND HOMES. THE ILLLTSTRATIONS CON- 
TAINED ARE TRUE PHOTOGRAPHS WHICH, WITH 
THE DESCRIPTIVE READING MATTER ATTACHED, 
PORTRAY THE BEST EXAMPLES OF ART GARDEN- 
ING, EASILY UNDERSTOOD EVEN BY THOSE WHO 
ARE INEXPERIENCED IN LANDSCAPE DESIGNING 



CHARLES E. GREENING 
DIRECTOR OF THE GREENING LANDSCAPE COMPANY 
MONROE, MICHIGAN 



ENTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS IN THE YEAR NINETEEN HUNDRED AND TEN 

BY CHARLES E. GREENING 
IN THE OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS AT WASHINGTON, D. C. 



ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 
INCLUDING THAT OF TRANSLATION INTO FOREIGN LANGUAGES 
NOT EXCEPTING THE SCANDINAVIAN 



COYPRIGHT PROTECTION INCLUDES 
TITLE, TEXT, ILLUSTRATIONS AND SYSTEM 



PRICE 
HALF MOROCCO, *5.00 



TOLKDO, OHIO: 
THK BLADK PRINTINO i: PAPER CO. 
MCMX. 



SALUTATION 




HIS is a story told in pictures. Many authors 
have written voluminously on the suhject of 
landscape gardening, and their works have 
^ benefited the professional few; hut in these 
days of the " strenuous life '" most people have neither the 
time nor the mood to pursiie abstruse stud.ies.. 

Pictures speak a iuu'\'ersal language, and they speak 
it with the directness of light and the speed of sight. One 
glance at a picture will convey more information than 
many pages of text. This fact has resolved the author, 
for the sake of brevity and accuracy, to tell his thought 
with manv pictures rather than with much writing. 

The book is. arranged soiuewhat like an art gallery, 
the pictures being grouped in an orderly manner for 
individual study, and the descriptions attached are designed so 
as to help the reader analyze each subject and to arrive at a 
fair appreciation of its artistic merits: so that if a man will 
imagine himself sitting in a Museum of Art on a Sunday after- 
noon listening to an illustrated lecture by the Director, he will be 
in a state of mind to receive the most profit and acquire the most 
knowledge in the art of landscape gardening. And of course 
when I speak of man I also include woman, for, as Susan B. 
Anthony used to say, " Man embraces woman." 

The perception of the basic principles of landscape gardening- 
first came to me several years ago whilst loitering in a picture- 
gallery. A Corot was on exhibition. And as I looked on that 
poetic landscape — the dreamland of Fairyland ; that peaceful cot- 
tage, where neither sigh nor sob of sorrow ever broke ; those sad 
poplars that told and told again the grief of glories gone before — 
the kiss that pathos gives to joy; the many-armed vines that crept 
and twined with root and tendril to the roof — a prophecy ful- 
filled — there stole into my soul the delicious sense of perception, the 
electric thrill of discovery. I had found the secret. And from 
the dawning of that light the laying-out of grounds has been my 
greatest pleasure and my chiefest joy. 

And in after-years when it became my great good fortune to 
visit Europe, this beautiful inspiration was supplemented by a 




A SUBURBAN HOME 



careful study of the classic gardens of England and the Continent; 
and this book, containing the fruit of all my studies and observa- 
tions on the subject of civic and home beautification, is my con- 
tribution to the cause of outdoor art in America. 

In writing the descriptions of the pictures no effort has been 
spared to make my meaning clear, the frequent digressions from 
my theme being designed to throw an incidental side-light on 
points that otherwise were moot; and to add to the reader's interest 
and amusement I have at times indulged a rhythmic flight of 
poetic fancy or made a few philosophical reflections, whilst on 
occasions not a few I have ventured with cautious steps to the 
borderland of mirth. 

The pictures are grouped topically as much as possible and, as 
the book is designed for the amateur gardener as well as for the 
experienced landscape architect, I have used both the popular and 
technical nomenclatures, co-ordinately or singly, always cautious to 
guard against ambiguity or useless repetition. 

The complete catalogue of trees, shrubs, vines, roses and other 
plants which is appended to this volume will be a great help to 
designers in making detail planting lists, and the amateur will 
find it indispensable. 

TiiTi Author. 



12 THE GRBBNING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 




TWO VIEWS OF THE GROUNDS OF 
ST. MARY'S ACADEMY 
MONROE, MICHIGAN 
SHOWING ONE YEAR'S GROWTH OF 
TREES AND SHRUBS PLANTED BY THE 
GREENING LANDSCAPE COMPANY 



A graceful curve in the hedge 



The Greening Landscape Company, Monroe, Mich. 

We wish to take this opportunity to express our entire satis- 
faction in the work done on the grounds surrounding our new 
college buildings. Your selection and artistic arrangement of 
trees and shrubbery have greatly improved the appearance of 
our lawns, and have met with favorable comment from the many 
callers at St. Mary's during the past several months. Assuring 
you of our appreciation and gratitude, we are, dear sir, 

St. Mary's Academy, Monroe, Mich. 




.Effective border, massed planting of hardy shrubs. Silver Maples pruned 
under the Greening system 



THE GREENING LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



13 



3rtnttg nf ffianbsrapr g>pnttrr 




DISADVANTAGES 
OF THE OLD WAY 



HREE factors enter into the making- of a 
landscape — ihc ilcsigiicr. I he iiiirscryimiii , and 
the gardener; and this trinity must work 
in harmony to produce satisfactory results. 
Manifestly the most harmony is secured when all three 
factors are combined in one service, for, as St. Patrick 
used to explain with the clover-leaf, " the three are one." 

Gardening is done upon honor. The work is tech- 
nical, and the owner must place his trust in those that he 
employs. By getting one man to make the plans, another 
to execute them, and still another to furnish the trees and 
plants, the risk of betrayal, to say nothing of making- 
mistakes and of inharmonious co-operation, is enormously 
increased. 

The old way, \\ hich is still 
in vogue among landscape gar- 
deners of the old school, was 
absolutely without method or 
system, and the owner floundered about in a sea of uncer- 
tainty. First, he consulted a landscape architect, who pre- 
pared a set of planting plans more or less practical, depend- 
ing on the experience of the designer, and for which the 
owner was required to pay a good sum of monev as a 
professional fee. Sometimes the ser\-ice was worth the 
price and sometimes it was not, for frecjuently the designer was 
a \-isionary dreamer, who had wheels in his head but who lacked the 
balance-wheel of the grower's experience, and the most outlandish 
and incongruous features were introduced. Next, the owner sought 
out a nurseryman to furnish the trees and plants rec[uired ; but as 
he had no personal knowledge of the soil, aspect or other conditions 
he was unable to oft'er advice, and his information on the subject 
of hardiness and adaptability of varieties was lost to the owner. 
Lastly, a gardener was found to do the planting, but as he had no 
professional pride in the outcome and often no s\-mpath\- with the 
plan, the work was done in an indifferent way with disappointing- 
results. Each shifted the hhiiiie upon the others, and as none was 




The clover leaf graphically illustrates the triple quality of our service, each 
branch of the -work being complementary to the others. Our artists develop an 
artistic design, our propagators and nurserymen grow a hardy and thrifty line of 
trees and shrubs, and our gardeners execute the plans in the most workmanlike 
manner. The three are one. 



responsibh' for the mistakes of the otJiers. and often not for his 
ozen, the owner was absolutel\- without recourse except to begin 
all over again. 

And during the progress of the work, if any changes were 
desired or mistakes \\ ere discovered, the same old routine turned 
up, and the owner hied himself to the designer and fron-i the 
designer to the grower and from the grower to the gardener, over 
and over again, in a pussy-w ants-a-corner iort of a way, until in 
sheer desperation the garden was abandoned or aborted in a lialf- 
completed stage. 

Under such circun-istances is it an_\- wonder that we ha\'e so 
few l)eautiful gardens in Anierica? 



14 



THE GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OE LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



ADVANTAGES 

OF THE NEW WAY 



The Greening System does 
away with all this uncertainty 
b}- combining all three classes 
of service in one contract and 
responsibilit}^ ; so that the whole work is done under one 
management, and relieves the owaier of all worry regard- 
ing the practical results of his garden. A great burden 
is lifted from his mind, for it stands to reason that a big 
company with professional standing to maintain and a 
large capital involved will not jeopardize either by care- 
less treatment of a client or mismanagement of his work. 
Moreover, the size of our business has attracted and will 
continue to attract the most artistic and skillful designers, 
engineers, propagators and gardeners in the world, for 
we can afford to pay them well for their services, and 
they find with us an opportunity to exercise their highest 
faculties, which is after all the greatest activating force. 

Creative Genius Longs for the Joy of Expres- 
sion. At the present time we have with us English, Ger- 
man, French, Italian and Japanese gardeners, each imbued 
with the artistic ideals of his own land ; so that our De- 
partment of Design is justly regarded as the clearing- 
house of the best landscape ideas in the world. Our 
gardeners have the immense advantage of consultation 
among themselves when difficult problems are presented, 
and the whole nursery serves as an arboretum for stud}' : 
whilst our studios, including draughting and blue-printing 
rooms, are equipped with a complete reference library and 
every known engineering de\'ice and instrument. 



LANDSCAPE 

DESIGNERS 



To summarize, let us repeat 
that we are landscape designers, 
and our designs are not only 
])ractical but they combine the 




Plntc 2 

A SUNKEN GARDEN 

Sunken gardens are very effective, especially as adjuncts to a Colonial mansion. 
The above subject is in good taste. Near the porch and portico are stately Bay- 
Trees. Boston Ivies are growing at the base of the building and will soon reach 
the cornice. A stone balustrade separates the garden from the court and makes the 
planting a distinct entity. The beds are filled with free-blooming perennials that 
give a riot of color all summer. In the foreground are Oriental Poppies. Next 
are Shasta Daisy, Foxglove, Lilium, New England Aster, Helianthus, Boltonia, 
Ornamental Grass and Yucca Filamentosa. The walks are of brick, laid on gravel. 
In the background is a grove of trees, mostly Maples. 



highest artistic conceptions in this class of v/ork. All uncertainty 
is eliminated, and our service saves you money. 



LANDSCAPE 

NURSERYMEN 



We grow a special line of orna- 
mentals for a select landscape trade, and 
our stock comprises many rare, tested 
novelties, not found in a general nursery; 
l)esides, we know the re(|uirements of this class of work. Our 
clients will never receive small, puny, mail-size specimens of 
shrubs such as are sent out by some nurseries, and which usually 
die after a few weeks in the garden; nor will the\' recei\'e old, 
overgrown, (lecre])it S])ecimens thai are almost ready for the 
l)rusli-])ile, such as are often sent out under the s])ecious ])retense. 



of producing immediate effects. Future effects are far more im- 
portant than present effects, for the future will last much longer. 
The present is nearly gone, anyhow. It is an awful thing to 
ha\'e a garden W'ith its future all in the past ! There is no odor 
in the flowers of the vanished years. 

Our nurseries are located in a northern latitude, where the 
stock is acclimated to the most severe conditions, so that it cannot 
fail to do well when transplanted to your grounds. We dig with 
steam-power, and get practically all the roots. We have the 
largest tree-cellars in the world, and all packing operations are 
carried on under roof. And all this unique nursery service, with 
its splfendid organization for growing and distributing the highest 
p"rade of ornamental trees and shrubs, sa\'es vou money. 



THB GRUBN ING LANDSCAPE 



Our force of gardeners is thorough- 
LANDSCAPE ly practical in every detail of their work, 

GARDENERS from preparing the ground, or renovating 

it when necessary, to the last touches of 
pruning when the planting is done. And the work is accomplished 
with such nicety of finish that the effect is pleasing from the start. 
Hundreds of clients testify to the ei'ficiency of our system ; and 
this excellent garden service sa\'es you money. 
It saves you money. 

Our system will appeal with espe- 
MUNICIPAL AND cial force to Park Boards, Cemetery 

CORPORATION WORK Boards and others having charge of 

large grounds' with puhlic responsibilities. 
Public service is a thankless task at best. That is where " the 
mistakes that men make live after them, but the good is oft in- 
ten-ed with their bones." A man can overcome his own riiistakes, 
but tlie public never forgets nor forgives the mistakes made in its 
service. It therefore behooves Park and Cemetery Commissioners 
to place their landscape business with a reliable and responsible 
concern like ours; and please keep in mind that dur serx'ice saves 
you money. 

It sa\'es you money. 

Our prices are based on a fixed 
standard, depending on the amount of 
preliminary work recjuired to make the 
plans, and also on the expense of pre- 
paring the ground ; so that the property can be developed in one 
complete job, or in sections as the appropriation of funds will 
allow. But in e\ er_\- case we will give the lowest possible prices, 
quality of work and goods considered, and we guarantee that our 
service saves you money. 

It saves vou monev. ^ 

Strange are tbe properties 
of the number three! When I 
crossed the ocean, the captain of 
our ship informed me that in a 
storm the waves form themselves 
in grou]:)S of three — three heavv " 
swells and then a choppy sea, 
three more hea\-}- swells and tlien 
a semi-lull, and so on. In logic 
a syllogism has three parts. In 
Christian theology there are three 
divine persons and three cardinal 
\irtues — faith, hope and charit}- 
— and the greatest of these is 



OUR PRICES 





AN ARBORGOLA 

The reader has never heard of an arborgola before; neither have I. 
But I coin the word as appropriately descriptive of this structure, which 
is a sort of cross between an arbor and a pergola. It is built like a pergola, 
but instead of being over the walk it is on one side and gives the service 
of an arbor. The arch in the distance leads to the formal garden. 



charity ! In famih^ life we ha\'e father, mother, child. In old 
English law we learn of the three estates, the same being inter- 
preted in American civics as the three branches of government. In 
mythology we find the three graces and the three furies. The 
ofiice-boy Avants me to add that a triangle has three sides, a stool 
has three legs, a fork has three prongs, and a crowd gives three 
cheers ! And hy way of a clincher he says a baseball team has three 
times three men and three strikes are out — all of which is probably 
true. He knows. 



16 



BASIC PRINCIPLES OF 

LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



THE art of landscape gardening is based on certain 
principles that are easy of application, and they are 
applicable to all grounds, large or small. It should be 
understood at the outset that it is just as' easy and just 
as difficult to lay out small grounds as large, for the same 
principles are involved in both; with this exception, that 
on small grounds the lines should be drawn with more 
care and with more intensity of expression. The little 
cottage garden can be made just- as charming in its way 
as the spacious grounds of a lordly estate. Good taste 
in gardening is not essentially different from good taste 
in music, sculpture, architecture, or any other form of art ; 
it is an appeal to the aesthetic nature and cultural refine- 
ment of man. 

Strictly speaking, there are but two kinds of garden 
compositions — the natural and the formal. 



Natural gardens, as the 



NATURAL 

GARDENS 



name implies, are designed in 
imitation of nature and, of 
course, consist in preserving all 
existing natural forms that are agreeable; so that by coni- 
binine: and rearranging them, and associating with them 




colonies of trees and shrubs, ceitain artistic effects are 
produced that satisfy our taste for beauty. When the 
ground is level or nearly so, and the treatment is pastoral in tone, 
such a garden is sometimes called a pictorial garden, and is most 
admired by people who possess a dreamy and poetic temperament ; 
when the scenery is broken-and diversified, with rocks and rivulets 
and pools as major features, it becomes a picturesque garden, and 
is the especial favorite of the Rooseveltian type of man — the 
devotee of the strenuous life. What is called a water garden is 
simply another aspect of the natural garden. In short, the natural 
garden is the kind that the Lord built during creation week and 
saw that it was g^ood. 

The formal garden is also good in 
FORMAL its way and place, but it is altogether 

GARDENS different in style and arrangement. It 

is ])uilt along straight lines and, to a 
great extent, depends f(jr its charm u]:)on the precision of its 
geometric forms. What are known as Italian gardens, sunken 
gardens and old- fasln'oned gardens are but mixlified types oi the 



Plate 4 

A PICTURESQUE SCENE 
The high terrace and pronounced declivity of the lawn is a bold effect which 
is pretty in itself, and the treatment has increased the charm. Sturdy, rugged sub- 
jects, like Oaks and Evergreens, were used, and the whole scene is suggestive of 
martial music. It is not a restful scene, and yet there is something in it that 
fascinates, just as we find a charm in the stirring strains of the Marseillaise. A 
good illustration of unity of composition and of well-conceived design. 



formal garden. When many architectural embellishments are 
introduced such as balustrades, sun-dials, fountains, etc., it par- 
takes of the nature of an Italian garden. A sunken garden is on 
a depressed grade, with terraced banks, and usually contains many 
carpet-bed ornamentations of fanciful figures. The old-fashioned 
garden brings together in an orderly way all the old-time garden 
favorites, and they are bedded in a well-proportioned setting of 
lawn. But in the last analysis all the above are merely types of 
the formal garden, and they are most agreeable to people with an 
orderly cast of mind. Those who are measured and mathematical 
in their mental processes find much pleasure in the contemplation 
of formal gardens. 

And there are people with such well-balanced mental organi- 
zations that they like all kinds of gardens, just as others with 
cultivateid literary tastes find equal pleasure in the romances of 
Sir Walter Scott, the war lyrics of Campbell and the love sonnets 
of Shakespeare. 



THB GREENING LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



17 



Plaving- tlius made plain 
STUDY OF A the distinction between natural 

NATURAL GARDEN and formal gardens, I shall now 

enumerate and illustrate the 
principles employed in the formation of each. 

Let us consider first the natural garden, and l)y the 
study of a concrete example we shall learn the principles 
involved and their correct application. Plate 5 represents 
a city yard of medium size, say 135 b}' 170 feet. It is 
altogether unimproved except for the erection of the 
house and garage. There it stands, a wide, open maw 
of gi'ound : what shall we do with it?" 



WALKS 

AND DRIVES 



The first thing requiring 
our attention is to build con- 
venient approaches, that is to 
say, a system of walks and 
drives sufficient for the needs of the famil_\', and their 
location will depend somewhat on the size and shape of 
the place. They should be direct — not straight neces- 
sarily, for curves are rhythmic in efifect and pleasing to 
the eye ; but curves should not have a forced or unnatural 
appearance — they should be tempered with that " sweet 
reasonableness " that adds to beauty without detracting 
from convenience. In the present instance the short walks 
are straight ; for it is seldom practicable to introduce 
curves in walks less than 40 feet long, unless there is a 
natural interference such as a tree or abrupt grade to 
force the line of travel in another direction. It is a cle\ er 
little artistic trick of gardeners to build such an interfer- 
ence in the absence of a natural one and thus introduce 
curves that otherwise would be meaningless. There is an 
illustration of this in plate 40, where a rockery was built 
to justify a curve, and it is done with such consummate 
art that we are taken unawares, and the illusion is so 
perfect that we forget to Cjuestion whether it is natural 
or not. 



If the driveway were built on the south side of the house it 
also would clearly have to be straight, and it would answer the 
demands of convenience ; but artistic reasons determine its location 
on the north side. From both entrances the house is approached 
at an angle that shows two elevations at once, and thus displays 
to advantage whatever beauty the house itself possesses, .\rchi- 
tects like to view their houses that way. Then, the line of tra\-el 
being longer, an easy sweep is perfectly natural The effect of a 
slight curve is magical. The observer sees the garden at a con- 
stantly changing angle, and new light and shadow effects come 



GARAGE 



I 



HOUSE 




PORCH 



WALK 



into play like an animated panorama. We have now laid out our 
walks and drives and plate 6 shows the result of our work. 

The next step is to plant trees and shrubs in an artistic way, 
and plate 7 shows the application of correct principles. It will 
help us to an understanding of these principles if we consider the 
lawn as a canvas and proceed to make a picture in precisely the 
same way that an artist does in painting a landscape ; with this 
difference, that he works with colored pigments, and we work with 
trees and plants, each one a living organism pulsating with the 
subtle influences of the earth and air. 



18 



THE GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



ACCENTUATION 



There is one word that de- 
scribes all artistic compositions. 
Accentuation is that word. The 
artist selects the points of 
emphasis, and every touch of the brush, from the dog 
upon the sward to the bird upon the wing, is designed to 
accentuate those points. Following his example let us 
proceed in developing our picture b}^ planting trees and 
shrubs to accentuate the beauties of the house, which is 
ahva3'S the main- feature and, in small grounds, the onlv 
feature to emphasize. 

With all due respect and admiration for the genius 
of architects and the beauty of their designs, I believe it 
is not m their power to build a house that possesses a per- 
fectly natural pose. The most that can be said is that it 
is a beautiful artificial creation. No artist would think 
for a moment of putting a house unadorned upon his can- 
vas. He drapes vines upon the porch and covers some 
v^'ide expanse of wall with other vines. He masses large 
groups of shrubs near the foundation, especially at the 
entrances, so as to naturalize the house and make us feel 
that it necessarily grew just where and how it is. 

Next he provides large open lawn-spaces adjoining 
the house to give the contrasting high lights and for the 
sense of freedom and repose they give, and this area is 
absolutely unencumbered save for a few shade-trees placed 
with due regard to the lines of vision, to the end that deep, 
beautiful vistas may open from the windows of the living- 
room. Realizing that gardens are for use he sets aside 
certain portions of the yard for certain uses, just as each 
room in a house has its purpose. There are reservations 
for the rose garden, the cut-flower garden, the vegetable 
garden, etc., each in an appropriate place; and finally, 
knowing that the grounds lack character without some 
definiteness of outline, a heavy framework of shrubs is 
put around the premises, especially at the back and sides, 
with particular care to ha\'e the heavier growth at the rear, and 
all plants set out in large native colonies. Imitating nature he 
avoids straight lines as much as possible and plants in undulated 
borders, using at the edges low shrubs of a prostrate habit to 
serve as a ground cover and to make an easy, natural union with 
the lawn. Unsightly views are completely shut off with appro- 
])nate jMantings, and distant glimpses of water and fleecv skv-line 
are deftly ap])ropriated to the garden's beauties. Kee])ing in "mind 
the needs of the family and the ]M-esent tendencv to regard a 
garden as an "outdoor parkn-," or an extension of the home com- 




forts, the border planting is (all endudi 



gli lo ser\-e as a screen and 



Plate « 

give privacy to the owner and his family; aad in particular a little 
bower is provided w'here the ladies of the household ma}' find a 
cool retreat for enjoyment, with perfect freedom from unwelcome 
intrusion. A shelter-house is built in this little retreat to soften 
the ardor of the summer sun, and in which tea mav be served 
after the manner of the Japanese; and to enliven the scenery a 
'water garden, stocked with fishes and water-lo\ ing plants, is placed 
near the entrance. This also adds greatly to the pri\-acy of the 
garden bower. 

Inimediatel)- back of llie house and screened with .shrubs is 
the dr\-ing-\-ard oi- clothes-jjaildock ; back or that is a reser\-ation 



THE GREENING LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



19 



for growing- small table vegetables, like lettuce, radishes, 
onions, and sweet herbs; and separating this from the 
rose and cut-dower garden is the sweet-pea trellis. 

We now come to the formal 
THE garden, which consists of seven 

FORMAL GARDEN beds. The one near the drive- 
way is filled with tall perennials. 
This separates the roses and other cut-fiowers from the 
rest of the yard, and makes the formal part a separate 
garden unit. On examination it is found to be a paral- 
lelogram 26 by 52 feet, divided by a system of grass walks 
into six well-proportioned flower-beds, the two center beds 
forming a true circle. The four corner beds are recti- 
linear with the exception of the sides next to the circle, 
which follow the same curve. The two center beds are 
filled with tall-growing Hybrid Perpetual Roses and 
Gladiolus bulbs interspersed between to add color during 
the midsummer season, and the four corner beds contain 
low bedding-roses that bloom all summer, like the Hybrid 
Teas, Hybrid Noisettes, and Dwarf Polyanthas, the best 
varieties of the latter being the Baby Ramblers. This is 
the only formal effect on the entire premises, and is pleas- 
ing from the fact that it possesses much beauty of its 
own and offers a change of scenery from the natural 
effects which predominate all over the j^ard. 

Of late years it has become 
a custom to do away w-ith the 
iron fences that were so com- 
mon a generation ago and either 
leave the front of the yard open altogether or enclose it 
with a clipped hedge as is the common practice in Eng- 
land. In the present instance a hedge is in good taste 
because the property is not large and all of it is needed 
for the use of the family. Besides, the house being con- 
structed on straight lines, a formal straight hedge is in 
l)erfect harmony with it. 

AVe will now plant some trees on 
the street along the sidewalk. They will 
add variety to the sk3'-line and also add 
much to the comfort of pedestrians. On 
ordinary streets \\\t\\ a narrow^ parkway, as in the present instance, 
it is evident they must be planted in straight lines, and it is also 
best that they be uniform in kind and size. On very wide avenues 
with parklike effects trees may be planted irregularly and in 
colonies. 

We have completed the building of a landscape and applied 
all the basic principles. The transformation from the new yard 



HEDGES 




PLANT TREES 

ON THE STREET 



Plate 7 

to the completed picture has been easy and natural. The change 
has taken place before our eyes, and we end up with a garden that 
will be a source of mental and spiritual profit to its owner to the 
end of his terrestrial days. 

(^=> 

We want to he your horticultural adviser in the same sense that you 
have a legal adviser, a medical adviser and, perhaps, a spiritual adviser. 
If the little god within you is alive and awake you need us far more than 
you do a spiritual adviser. Read the gospel of the garden and the frightful 
word that rhymes with "spell" will never send its shuddering thrill to the 
nerve centers of vour heart. 



20 



THE GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



The Greening Pictorial System 
of Landscape Gardening 



A 



ND this is a distinguishing feature of the Green- 
ing System, viz., that it keeps the pictorial side 



constant!}' in mind. 



house and grounds 



It aims to make a picture of a 
The cfuestion ever uppermost is, 
what is the artistic point of view ? How woukl an 
artist paint that scene? How distribute his high hghts 
and shadows? What is the best color-scheme? And 
after determining these things we proceed to accomplish 
them with the proper selection of trees and plants 
harmoniously arranged. For, after all, the ornamenting 
of home grounds is like painting a picture. The ob- 
ject is the same. The same end is sought, the same 
means are used. By color, form, relation and jDropor- 
tion the eye is won and all the senses join in glad con- 
tent. The imagination is quickened, the sympathies 
enlarged, and what ^^■as once a dream becomes at last 
a fact. 

And following this idea the ornamenting of home 
grounds becomes a beautiful art. Let the house be the 
central idea and subordinate every other feature to it. 
Place no tree or bush in such impudent prominence that 
it is observed as an entity. Let its beauty be lost in the 
g'lory of the whole. Mass your planting in a strong- 
framework to give structural character to the grounds. 
Put a vine upon the porch and tie the buildings to the 
earth with the cunning things that freely grow. Leave 
a warm, open sward in front — inviting- as the lap of 
love — and you have a landscape more sweetly beautiful than e\er 
issued from Corot's magic brush. 

Art exists by expression and for the sake of expression. It 
is its own excuse for being. It expresses states and shades of 
feeling and states and shades of thought. There are emotions so 
deep, so tender and so subtle that no golden tapestry of words can 
picture them to the sense. It is the office of art to give to every 
nerve a tongue and let it babble forth its joy. 

The fact that a garden shduld l)c 
THE SIZE considered as a consolidated whole, de- 

OF A GARDEN pendent for its beauty upon the perfec- 
tion of its form, suggests the necessity 
of determining its ideal size. The object is to have such a com- 




I'latc 8 

A MIDSUMMER SCENE 
This is a midsummer scene on a small property that Contains a wealth of floral 
beauty and retains enough lawn for repose. The front is a stone retaining wall that 
comes to the very edge of the sidewalk, but by draping it with vines it becomes an 
object of beauty. This vine is Ampelopsis Veitchii, and another vine of the same 
family, Ampelopsis Quinquefolia, is used on all five columns of the porch. Note 
that the shrubs at its base are all hardy Hydrangea Paniculata, and that only one 
distinct specimen tree is used, a Koster Blue Spruce, the most attractive conifer ever 
introduced. This simple treatment is very restful in tone. Note also that the adjoin- 
ing property is treated in the same way. 



position of parts that their visual relation to the whole is impressed 
upon the observer from some advantageous viewpoint. On small 
properties the garden may safely include all the a\ ailable ground ; 
ljut on large estates it should be five or six acres in extent. Lord 
Bacon, in his essay " Of Garden," recommends thirty acres, but 
this is obviously too large for the nervous temperament, especially 
the American temperament, of the twentieth century. Our gar- 
dens, like our poems, should be short and alive with emotion. 
Such a discussion is, to a large extent, of academic interest and 
must, in actual practice, be determined by the exigencies of each 
case ; and yet there can be no question as to the general superiority 
of an area limited to the conveyance of one sustained impression. 
The perfection of a garden lies in its jjower to create an unbroken 
c( mtinuit}' of ]:)leasurable emotions. 



21 



LAWNS and LAWN-MAKING 



0 



AS the lawn is the foundation of all garden improve- 
ments, it should receive particular attention at the 
outset; for a good sward that is pleasing to the eye and 
pleasant to the foot adds greatly to the enjoyment of a 
landscape. Green is the most restful and soothing color 
there is, and for this reason the art of lawn-making is 
very important. Anyl^ody can grow grass, hut to make 
a turf is another thing. 



PREPARING 

THE GROUND 



A lawn consists of fi\-e 
parts — three parts preparation, 
one part seed, and one part 
care. Without thorough prep- 
aration neither good seed nor good care will amount to 
much. The ground should be at least mellow enough 
and rich enough to grow a crop of corn, or if anything, 
better; for you can cultivate the corn after seeding, but 
cannot cultivate the lawn. After all, the air is the great 
resolvent and, by chemical action, makes available the 
plant food that is in the soil. The main object of spading 
or plowing is to bring to the surface new soil particles 
to be acted upon by the air so that the plant food is made 
digestible, so to speak, to the various forms of vegetation ; 
and in the case of lawns this tillage must be done in ad- 
vance of the seeding and thoroughly enough to last a great 
many years. It is good practice to spade 8 or 10 inches 
deep, turning under at the same time a good top-dressing 
of well-rotted manure. 

Kentucky Blue Grass is our main 
SEEDING dependence for lawns, and it makes a 

THE LAWN beautiful and durable greensward. It is 

slow in developing, however, and in 
most situations it is l)etter to use a mixture, including some grasses 
of cjuick and precocious growth as fillers, until the Blue Grass is 
strong enough to occupy all the ground ; for sooner or later, 
usually in about three years, it will make elbow-room for itself by 
crowding out all the others. 

xAU lawn seeds, with the exception of Wdiite Clover, are very 
light and it is not possible to distribute them evenly on a windy 
day. Usually towards evening the air is still, and seeding may 
be clone at that time ; otherwise it is better to wait for a quiet day. 
Broadcasting by hand is best, letting the seed filter through the 
fingers, and the writer's practice is to go over the ground twice, 




Plate 9 
A PARK SCENE 

This is a park scene. The bow-bridge in the background spans a valley which, 
at that particular point, is narrowed to the throat of a ravine. The stately tree in 
the foreground is a Linden, which stands like an oasis of comfort in the middle of 
the valley. The grove in the background lining the driveway is composed of 
Lindens also, and reminds the writer of the famous avenues of Germany. An auto- 
mobile journey Unter den Linden, in Berlin, is one of the happy experiences of his 
Hfe. 



the second seeding at right angles to the first, as this secures a 
much more even distribution. In the case of White Clover I mix 
with five parts of sand, when it can be used by the handful and 
kept in good control. After seeding, a light raking is necessary 
to cover the seed, and then roll to firm the soil. 

As a matter of personal preference I wish to say here, paren- 
thetically, that I do not like White Clover in a lawn and do not 
recommend it ; for the white blossoms blotch the green so badh' 
that much of its beauty is lost. I am well aware, however, that 
this is merely a matter of choice, and that many people of dis- 
criminating tastes like White Clover, and it is in justice to them 
that I give directions for sowing it. One thing to be said in its 
favor is that it makes a lawn that is easily managed. It will not 
run awav from vou. If you can't mow it this week, next week 
will do!' 



22 



COUNTRY LAWNS 



Lawns in the country, where 
there is no water service, should 
not be cut too short during the 
summer months. The turf gets 



a good deal of protection from the shade of the grass, 
and close mowing deprives it of this protection. Three 
inches will be found manageable and neat-looking and. 
at the same time, long enough to shade the roots appre- 
ciably. The best lawn mixture to use for such places con- 
tains 75% Rhode Island Bent and 2S% Kentucky Blue 
Grass. The Bent has a very deep green color, which it 
retains during the hot period, and it accommodates itself 
fairly well to dry locations. It is the basis of the best 
Newport lawns. 

Do not cut too frecjuently 

during the first vear, say every 
CARE OF THE LAWN ^^^^ ^[^^^^^ ^^^^^ j^^^p 

sharp to reduce the pulling as 
much as possible. It will also ease the pushing and save 
your back from fatigue, unless you do the work by proxy, 
in which case it will save somebody else's back, which is 
the same thing. Frequent rolling will also be a great 
help by firming the ground on the roots and thus prevent 
drying out. 

Even with thorough prep- 
aration of the soil watering will 
WATERING required during periods of 

prolonged drought, but speaking 
in a general way the ordinary sprinkling as commonly 
practiced does more harm than good. It does lessen the 
transpiration of the leaves, and it does temporarily replace 
the loss by evaporation from the surface of the ground, 
and lastly it does act as a whip or spur to goad the grass 
to a better growth during the trying season ; but all these 
are merely incidental benefits and do not inure to the 
permanent betterment of the lawn. The trouble is that sprinkling 
does not reach the root field where water is needed, and instead 
of creeping downward for moisture the roots will crawl up near 
the surface, where they will be exposed to much winter injury by 
frost and where, too, the plant food is more nearly exhausted. 

Most grass plants will normally root about four inches deep, 
and that is where the water is needed. It is evident that the 
ordinary sprinkling does not soak the ground more than an inch 
or two. When watering is done it should be done so thoroughly 
as to soak the ground for at least six inches, and then there should 
be an interval of a few days witlmut watering to give a breathing- 




Plsite 10 

SIDE ENTRANCE TO A MANSION 

This is the side entrance to a mansion — virtually a back yard. It is a Decora- 
tion Day scene, for the Spiraea Van Houttei is in full bloom. The solid mass of 
one kind of shrubs looks like nature's own setting — it is nature's way to grow plants 
in colonies — and the effect is so softening that the severe architecture is forgotten. 
The detached subject that looks like one shrub is really composed of three shrubs 
planted three feet apart triangularly and developed to one large mass of foliage. 
The tall trees in the background serve as a shady bower and, at the same time, 
give privacy to the two yards which they separate. Observe that they are grown 
in their natural pose and have not been headed up. The three plants at the turn 
of the walk and the one beyond are Yucca Filamentosa. The vines on the house 
at the rear are Ampelopsis Veitchii, otherwise known as Boston Ivy. 



spell, so the air mav enter the ground and keep it sweet and in 
good heart. 

This can be done at one operation 
by using a dressing of well-rotted manure 
in the fall, whicli is the best kind of 
winter protection In the spring the 
coarser fiber is raked away and the finer particles percolate among 
the grass roots to add fertility to the soil and, at the same time, 
impro\'e its mechanical condition by making it more porous and 
retentive of water. It is important, however, that the manure be 
well-rotted, to guard against the introduction of weed seeds. 



MULCHING AND 

FERTILIZING 



23 



It is good practice to sow a lawn very thick — eighty 
pounds to the acre is ahout right. This will occupy the 
ground cjuite fully the first year and thus exclude the 
weeds. It is also well to go over the lawn twice a year 
— in April and Septemher — and sow a sprinkling of seed 
in places where it appears too thin 

SEED MIXTURES EOR DIFFERENT SOILS 

For Shaded Places 

Kentucky Blue Grass 35 per cent. 

Wood Meadow Grass 45 

Crested Dog's-Tail ' 20 " 

For Terraces 

Rhode Island Bent 50 per cent. 

Crested Dog's-Tail 30 " 

Kentucky Blue Grass 20 

For Piiifiug-Grccns 

Rhode Island Bent 40 per cent. 

Creeping Bent 30 " 

Crested Dog's-Tail 30 

For Clav Soils 

Kentucky Blue Grass 60 per cent. 

Red Top 40 

For Sandy Soils 

Kentucky Blue Grass 30 per cent. 

Rhode Island Bent 40 

Creeping Bent 30 " 

For Country Lazciis 

Kentucky Blue Grass 25 per cent. 

Rhode Island Bent 75 " 




OPEN LAWN TREATMENT 

This is one of the most costly mansions in Michigan, occupying just one-quarter 
of a city block, which is not much ground for a property of this kind. The expe- 
dient was used of planting a massive hedge of Norway Spruce on the parkway, as 
can be seen in the right ofTscape, virtually adding 40 feet to the yard. With this 
treatment there is enough open lawn to look well. The specimen tree is a Koster's 
Colorado Blue Spruce. The vines on the house are Ampelopsis Veitchii and the 
shrubs by the porch are Spirasa Van Houttei. The trees on the street are Elm. 



ANTS IN LAWNS 

ON sandy soils, ants sometimes become a very troublesome 
pest. They do not directly attack the plants but they do 
much mischief by the way they loosen up the soil in making their 
tunnels and galleries, thus disturbing the grass roots and causing 
them to dry out. The best means to destroy them is by the use 
of carbon bisulphide, which is a heavy volatile liquid. The fumes, 
being heavier than air, c|uickly penetrate downward, dealing instant 
death to the entire colony. Eirst, make a hole with a stick ; in it 
pour two tablespoonfuls of the poison, cover the hill with a wet 
clcrth to confine the gas, and it is all over with the ants — the black 
ants that live in hills. 



Caution : Carbon bisulphide is a very active poison and its 
use should not be entrusted to children. It is also very inflam- 
mable and its vapor is highly explosive. Do not use near a fire. 

When a lawn becomes infested with the small red ants that 
make little ring-like mounds, about the size of a coat-button, all 
over the yard, the best treatment is a dressing of tobacco dust, or 
wood ashes, or kainit, repeated until the pest is abated. All these 
are good fertilizers. 

Another good way to fight the little red ant is to make a solu- 
tion of cyanide of potash and, after applying evenly with a sprink- 
ling can, wash it down with a hose. This is also a very active 
poison and must be used with great care. 



24 



THE GRBBNIN G PICTORIAL SYSTEM OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



HARDY TREES and SHRUBS 



SPEAKIXG from the standpoint of the North Central 
and Middle \\>st States, hardiness means the ability 
to withstand very low temperatures; for it cannot be 
denied that we have a very capricious climate, with an 
extreme range of 150 degrees, in the belt of country be- 
tween the latitudes of, say Cincinnati and St. Paul. This 
exceeds the climatic variation of any other part of the 
world. There are hundreds of shrubs grown in England 
and Continental Europe that would succumb to the first 
winter's exposure in the region in c^uestion. There are 
scores of shrubs that do \vell in the moist atmosphere of 
the American Atlantic coast that would suffocate the first 
summer in the dry air of inland locations. This accounts 
for the failures of gardens patterned after European 
models or after designs furnished by Eastern gardeners. 

I was brought up in the nursery business and, to 
use the phrase of the Quakers, I am a birthright horti- 
culturist. Aly earliest life-lesson was in the art of plant- 
propagation, and following a natural inclination I have 
been associated with trees and plants all my life, much of 
the time as president and principal owner of one of the 
largest nursery properties in the world. During all these 
years of active work in growing and transplanting trees 
and shrubs, e\'ery known variety has come under my 
observation. Year by year I have followed a system 
of elimination, discarding those that did not stand the 
test of hardiness and endurance ; so that the varieties recommended 
in this book are absolutely dependable. 

And after all I do not see how this knowledge can be gained 
in any other way. By actual, living contact with trees and plants 
a gardener accjuires what the medical profession calls " tactus 
eruditis," or the learned touch, and he can give an artistic finish 
to his work which is impossible to a man possessing merely aca- 
demic training. A university education is a good thing for a 
young man who has a natural aptitude for this kind of work ; but 
it cannot be said too often that education, in and of itself, does 
not give capacity. The mere ability to draw beautiful pictures 
from imagination does not make a landscape gardener, any more 
than the ability to articulate English speech makes a man an orator 
like Webster or Edward Everett. 

Nevertheless it has come to pass that in every city in the 
country young men have established themselves as landscape 
architects and horticultural ad\isers, depending on knowledge 





Plate 12 

A VINE-EMBOWERED HOUSE 

The growth of vines on this building gives it the appearance of a European 
chateau. Somehow it suggests the mellow tone of age to which a quiet dignity 
appertains. The shrubs near the foundation are Spiraea Van Houttei and the arching 
boughs of Elms are seen in the vignette. Near the porte-cochere is a colony of 
evergreens. Of course the real garden is in the back yard, and it is most sumptuous 
in floral finish. 



gained from the printed page and the voice of the professor : and 
it is reasonably certain that many of them have never heard the 
voice of nature as expressed in the language of leaf and bud and 
flower ; and many more do not know the difference between a 
budded tree and a society bud. And so it is that gardens are 
designed that look well enough on paper, but which are utterly- 
impracticable, for the reason that the material used is lacking in 
hardiness or adaptability to its location. Often a man has a desire 
to beautify the surroundings of his home, and plants a shrub rec- 
ommended by these academic advisers ; but under the stress of 
summer drought and winter cold it dies, and with it dies that 
blessed inspiration. The money loss is considerable, but it is 
as nothing compared with the loss of faith in human endeavor and 
the utter blasting (~if that " hope deferred that maketh the iieart 
sick." I therefore urge the reader to select his planting list with 
great care, and assure him that he will not go wrong if he follows 
the advice o-jven in this book reyardin^' the hardiness of varieties 



25 



CEMETERY 
LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



EMETERIES are parklike in 



their size but the 
esemblance g-oes no further. There is the same 
difference in their treatment that we find in the archi- 
tectural treatment of churches and theatres. The archi- 
tect who would design with indiscriminate taste churches 
and playhouses would have sensibilities so dull as to see 
no difference between that brooding of the soul which we 
call worship and the gaiet)^ of a harlec[uin who has no 
thought beyond the present hour. 

If the ground is not naturally rolling the surface 
should be gently undulated, and this can be accomplished 
in adjusting grades for the system of driveways which 
should be somewhat lower than the natural level. There 
should be no attempt at ornate or picturesque effects, but 
simply enough undulation of the surface to lend a charm 
to contemplation. 

Cemeteries demand a simple style of treatment, and 
for that reason the fussiness of many detached flower- 
beds is objectionable; and it is equally objectionable to 
plant shrubs of gorgeous coloring of foliage or flowers. 
The soul finds rest in large areas of unbroken lawn, and 
the sections reserved for burial should have very few 
trees and shrubs; and these should be of simple, unob- 
trusive kinds that give a quiet dignity to the landscape, 
relieving" it of the gruesomeness which we commonly 
associate with the burial lot. About one section in five 
should be reserved for park and garden effects, the planting being- 
grouped in heavy masses after the manner of natural groves ; and 
it is well to remember that nature does things with a liberal hand. 
It is a common mistake of cemetery boards to try to make a big 
showing with a very small outlay, and shrul^s are cluttered all over 
the grounds in a vain effort to beautify them, c|uite forgetful of 
the fact that real beauty is dependent on contrasts of open lawn 
and heavy border-planting, or to use the phrase of the portrait 
artist, on high lights and shadows. 

A native growth of Elm, Oak, Beech. Ash or Maple is ideal 
for a cemetery site, partly because such trees usually grow on 
high land that has good drainage, and partly because these trees 
have a peculiar grace of outline and a beatitude of peace in their 
very pose. Where such trees are lacking they should be supplied, 




PERGOLA IN CEMETERY 

A new idea in cemetery architecture is the erection of a pergola on the family 
burial lot. It is an outdoor room of peaceful beauty, flanked and canopied with 
vines, and entirely free from the gruesomeness which we commonly associate with 
cemetery lots. The lines of the pergola should be very plain, the columns Tuscan, 
and the planting soft in tone. The practice of planting flowers of gorgeous color 
should be abandoned, as they are destructive of all suggestions of peace and rest. 
Mr. Edward Bok of Philadelphia, was the originator of this idea, and it is so 
sensibly conceived as to merit widespread acceptance. The above picture shows 
two adjoining lots similarly treated. The vines used are the Ivies. 



and the use of our Herculine Tree Machine will save twenty years 
in the development of a bare propertv by using trees six to eight 
inches in diameter. The former custom of ])lanting weeping wil- 
lows and other contortions is not in good taste, and is largely dis- 
continued for the reason that they seem to make a mockery of our 
grief and are a mere travesty on melancholy ; or to use a Bible 
phrase, they " laugh at our calamities and mock when our fear 
cometh." 

Similarly among shrubs the varieties best suited for cemetery 
planting possess subdued tones of color, both in foliage and flowers, 
and their place is in large groups in the garden areas and along the 
fences and borders. The Privet, Philadelphus, Deutzia, Rhodo- 
typus, Indian Currant, Dogwood, Spiraea, Viburnum, Bush Honey- 
suckle and Barberry are all suitable. 



26 



THB GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OP LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



Evergreens should be used freely, especially near 
the entrance and antepark, and colonies should be in- 
terspersed through the cemetery itself. They give a 
peculiar sense of beneficence, and their presence con- 
duces to revive tender memories of our dead, presaging 
in themselves a message of everlasting life. The dark- 
colored varieties of Pine, Spruce, Fir and Cedar are 
all suitable, if we only heed the caution not to plant 
detached subjects, but in colonies. 

It is also well to remember that few evergreens are 
perfectly hardy, especially under the very trying condi- 
tions that prevail in a cemetery,, where they get only 
perfunctory care at the best. iJ'c adz'isc cemetery 
boards to coiisnlt an expert in such matters, as a mis- 
take in planting is fatal to good effects, and not as 
easily covered up as a certain other kind of fatal mis- 
takes which are co\'ered up in the cemetery. 

The average life of a burial-ground is three genera- 
tions, and consequently it requires what may be called 
a progressive development, that it may grow in beauty 
year by year and feel and reflect the softening hand of 
time. It is certainly a delicate problem to forecast the 
development of a cemetery property, a problem de- 
manding a certain artistic prophetic vision, and it is 
unwise to commit the making of plans to any Init the 
most competent designers; and this the more especially 
when we reflect that generations yet unlDorn will share 
with us, even in greater measure than ourselves, the 
practical results of our work. It is a debt we owe to 
posterity to plan our cemeteries in an artistic manner 
and construct lliem in a wav that will endure 
beautiful cities for tlie li\-ing; let us n(.)t neglect the "silent city 
of the dead." 

And in order to preser\-e unity of composition, all work should 
be designed hy a competent landscape architect whose artistic 
taste will connect the related parts Into a Ijeautiful l)ird's-eye \-iew ; 
and so far as practicable, the execution of the design should Ije 
under his direction. Such is the practice al)road, and it has re- 
sulted in the most beautiful cemeteries the world has ever seen. 

In this country the art of landscape gardening lias not yet 
come into its own. Many people are liardb* aware that such an 
art exists. As a consequence it is tlie common ])ractice to let 
tlie local surveyor " ])lat out " the grounds, and an}-l)o<l\' who 
happens to have a team does the grading, a saw-and-hatchet man 
l)uilds the fences, and trees and shrul)s are i)lanled liere and there, 
hit and luiss, to suit every wlnm of in(h\ i(hial opinion, until in a 
little wliilc tlie grounds look like the craz\-(|uilt of some tooth- 




EVERGREENS FOR CEMETERIES 

This is the sexton's residence, built a Uttle to one side of the entrance to a beauti- 
ful cemetery. The picture shows the proper use and grouping of evergreens, and we 
feel at once the forceful effect of the mass. Adjoining the house and beyond it is a 
park section filled with Maple, Elm, and Beech. Again we have the open lawn. 



We are building 



less maiden aunt that time has overlooked. And finally when 
the cemetery board awakes to a realizing sense of the situation, 
it costs more money to undo the mistakes that have been made 
than it would to develop a new property. 

Whilst in Europe the writer luade a careful study of land- 
scape compositions as applied to cemeteries, and much valuable 
information was gained which is at the command of an}-one 
interested. Please write for any further information desired. 
Cemetery designing is a specialt}' with us, and our landscape 
organization is at your service for consultation and engagement. 



The l)fautil'ul in nature teaelies the lessi)ii of the l)eautiful in eonduct. 
It is a moral melody. There is a wondrous relation between that propor- 
tion w hich the eye detects and that subtle casuistry of act and circumstance 
which tlie soul alone perceives. 



THB GREENING LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



27 



SHRUBS for SHADY PLACES 



ON streets running east and west, half of the houses 
face the north; shall we plant nothing near the 
entrance? Can't we nestle some shrubs near the founda- 
tion? Fortunately for us, nature is a bountiful mother 
and in loving kindness has provided for all our needs. 
Some plants like a warm, sunny exposure, and others 
thrive as an vuidergrowth in the woods. It is therefore 
an easy matter to plant shrubs that will do well in shady 
places, and under the heading Typical Effects will be found 
a list of the best varieties. I do not mean to be under- 
stood as saying that the)- will all do equally well : indeed, 
most of them would do better with four or live Ikhu'S of 
daily sunshine. Still, where extreme conditions of shade 
are presented, they will do quite well. 

In this connection I will tell you a little secret, and 
I will even tell you the sovuxe of my cogitations. Some 
years ago I knew a very successful poultrv-man whose 
chickens attended to business the year round. The egg 
output was just as regular and dependable in the winter 
as in the summer. Being in a communicative mood one 
day he told me the magic of his success : Give the hens 
sitniiner conditions in iK'inter weather. Sure enough he 
pro\'ided warm quarters and green food in the form of 
sprouted oats, and lo, and behold, they cackled a merry 
lay. The hens just for that laid an egg in his hat, and 
thus did the Henry Ward Beecher ! ! 

When confronted with my problem of growing shrubs 
on the north side of buildings, I formulated his philosophy 
to fit the case and it reads, Produce southern conditions on. 
)i or til em aspects. 

A good soil is not enough. Heat, light and moisture 
are necessary to produce growth. And yet, as a rule, not 
only the soil but the whole trinity of requisites are lacking on the 
north side of buildings. They should l)e carefully supplied. 

First, the soil is poor. For years it has been a neglected spot. 
Even the growth of grass is scant. There is no vegetative potency 
in it. It is dead, inert matter, utterly devoid of humus. Change 
this condition by adding a good dressing of well-rotted manure. 

Second, it is cold. The sun does not strike it. Well, warm 
it up by cultivation. Let the air in. A hard, neglected soil is 
always cold. 

Third, the light is poor. That is not a serious defect. Plant 
shade-loving shrubs. (See list of shade-loving shrubs under head- 
ing Typical Effects.) 




Plate 1.-V 

A SYLVAN RETREAT 
This is a sylvan retreat of great beauty. The majestic Elm stands like a 
crowned monarch with a promise of peace to all who come under his protection. 
The lawn area is ample, the contour of the shrubbery beds is an easy sweep 
which satisfies the sense and opens deep vistas to the view. The vines that hang 
in garlands from the pergola are Lonicera Halleana, a very fast-growing and sweet- 
scented vine, and the shrubs at its base are for the most part cut-leaved Sumac and 
Sambucus, which give a rustic tone to the scene and make it very restful in effect. 



Fourth, the ground is dry. Our pre\-ailing summer winds 
are not from the north, and as most storms are \vind driven, very 
little, if any, rain falls on the north side of ljuildings. This is 
especially true where there are wide overhanging eaves or cornices. 
Paradoxical as it may seem, the north side of a l)uilding is the 
driest side. Of course this can be remedied w ith the hose. 

All these are simple things, but if properly attended to. you 
can depend on a strong, sturdy growth of shrubs on the north side 
of buildings. In the case of some shrubs, like the Viburnums, 
the bloom is rather scant, but the growth of foliage is most 
luxurious. The bloom is a secondary matter, after all, as we 
depend on the shrubbery mass for effect. 



28 



ROSES 

THE love of roses is innate in man. The earliest records of 
cultivated plants tell us of roses. The literature of many 
lands ni history, philosophy, poetry and song, enshrines the glory 
of the rose. When England's wars were fought, the rose of red 
and the rose of white received the tribute of contending hosts ; 
and as long as men are brave and women beautiful the rose will 
grace alike the breast of valor and of gallantry. All nations 
acclaim her the Queen of Flowers by reason of her great beauty, 
and right royally she crowns herself with a garland of her own 
weaving. 

Draper tells us that during the Moorish occupation of Spain, 
the Caliphs ventilated their houses with perfumed air brought by 
underground pipes from distant flower beds (see conflict between 
Religion and Science, page 141 ). If such luxury was vouchsafed 
to pagans in the fifteenth century, is not an American citizen of 
the twentieth century entitled at least to a rose bed in his back yard ? 

And this brings us to the point the writer has in mind, viz., 
that the suitable place for a rose bed is in the back yard. The 
rose is a special-purpose plant and, with the exception of the East 
Asian family, the Rosa Rugosa, and the well-known Sweetbriar, 
Rosa Rubiginosa, it does not lend itself to general landscape 
effects. When in bloom it is too dignified in aspect to comport 
well with the restfulness of demeanor which we like to associate 
with good garden influences. When not in bloom the wood is 
stubby and ungainly in growth, and the foliage becomes an easy 
prey to insect enemies, unless the bushes are kept together in solid 
beds and sprayed with a good control. 

It is difiiicult to imagine a greater pleasure than comes to the 
possessor of a large rose bed. Fifty to one hundred bushes is 
none too many. A little bouc[uet of a few buds does not satisfy : 
it only excites the yearning for more. You want a vaseful for 
your table and a basketful for the hospital, church or club. Rose 
growing is the most democratic of all occupations : it make you 
feel kin to all life and eager for others to share your joy. And it 
is a beautiful fact that the more bloom )ou cut, the more the 
bushes produce. In this respect it is like loving: the more you 
give the more you have. " Giving is hoarding, extravagance is 
economy, and waste itself the very source of wealth." Bv all- 
means ])lant a rose bed and feel tlic thrill of life. 




Plate IC 



ROSE-COVERED PERGOLA 

An ell-shaped pergola showing the brick floor, border of California 
Privet hedge and thatch of roses and vines. The large-leaved vines show- 
ing on the right are Dutchman's Pipe, those on the left are Wild Grapes, 
and the canopy of roses consists of Dorothy Perkins and Ever-blooming 
Crimson Rambler. 

Many of the Hybrid Perpetual 
VARIETIES OF roses are indispensable for the amount 

ROSES TO PLANT '^'^'^^ gorgeousness of the early summer 
bloom and the occasional buds that open 
in September. But the term "Perpetual" is a misnomer, for they 
are not perpetual in any sense. June Roses would be a better 
designation. About one-quarter of a rose bed shoitld be of this 
class, and a quarter each of Plybrid Noisette, Hybrid Tea and 
Dwarf Polyantha. The last three classes are not strictly hardy, 
but what of that! Cover them u]) in the winter and ha\c roses 
all summer! WHiv not? Is it n(~it worth makiu"- the effdrt? 



THE GREENING LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



29 



I am well aware that it is still the custom of catalogue- 
makers to recommeud the so-called Hybrid Perpetual 
varieties to the exclusion of all others, and the}^ expatiate 
on their hardiness and vigor of growth, both of which 
merits they possess ; but when the man appears who can 
make them bloom all summer, I will say in the language 
of Bill Nye, " The coming man has arrived." 



gone through all the 



If you had a friend who hac 
labor, vicissitudes and discouragements of experimenta- 
tion, through many years of alternating disappointment 
and success, and who had found at last with certaint\- 
the dependable varieties of roses, would you not gladly 
accept his advice in starting a rose garden? Let me l)e 
that friend to you! I ha\-e tested hundreds of varieties 
and know that my list is entirely satisfactory. Professor 
Liberty H. Bailey, of Cornell University, Editor of Cy- 
clopaedia of American Horticulture, says : " The success 
of the rose in this country is largely a question of the 
selection of varieties." 



forced growth is not hardy 



enough to withstand 
These "bargain-counter" roses ha\-e 



And in addition it is a question of how the bushes 
are grown. Bushes gro\vn in pots in greenhouses arc 
marketable in a few months from the cutting, and the 
soft 

outdoor conditions 

been a source of much discouragement to planters, who 
are slow in finding out that cheapness does not consist 
in what you pay, but what you get for what you pay. 
There is also a great deal of unjust clamor against budded 
roses. The facts are that few roses strike roots on their 
own wood, and fewer still ha\'e enough vigor to become 
good bloomers when grow^n that way. With few exce])- 
tions budded roses are by far the best, rec[uiring only 
deep planting to prevent the growth of suckers and the 
careful cutting out of those that may appear. The best 
stock to use here is the same as that used in Continental 
Em-ope — the Manetti rose stock. The Greening Nursery 
Company imports its rose seedlings from France. These 
are lined out in the nursery, budded the same year and 
marketed the year after, making virtually three-year 
plants; that is to say, they grow one year in France and 
two years in the nursery — quite different from the little 
slips grown in ly^-'mch pots, forced with bottom heat in 
the greenhouse, and sold in a few months from the time of making 
the cutting. 

As to form, rose beds should be narrow, so that all the bloom 
can be easily reached for cutting and the surface of the bed be 




Plate 17 

A BOWER OF RUSTIC BEAUTY 

A rustic retreat in a picturesque garden on a hillside. The steps are of hewn 
ties with a landing three ties wide every fourth step. The furniture is in the same 
rustic style and adds to the restful simplicity of the scene. There is an outcropping 
of rough boulders on either side, like nature in undress holding communion with 
herself. The trees on the hilltop are Black Walnuts and Maples. The tall shaft 
of green in the lower foreground is Thuya Pyramidalis. Clumps of ornamental 
grasses border the walk. Taken altogether there is a wealth of quiet beauty in 
this garden bower which is worth ten years of added life to its owner. 



all manageable with a hoe for cultivation. The most con\'enient 
is a parallelogram of an}- length, but with a width of only five 
feet. This will take three rows of bushes planted one foot from 
each border. Other designs are shown elsewhere in this book. 



30 THB GRBBN IN G PICTORIAL SYSTEM OP LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



SOIL AND LOCATION 



Roses luxuriate in a soil 
containing a good propor- 
tion of clay. It is all right 
for the suhsoil to be all clay, 
provided it be spaded deep and is not hard pan. As 
for the surface soil, clay is simply not manageable, as 
it dries out and becomes so hard that it cannot be tilled. 
In such cases there should be added and thoroughly 
mixed with it about one-third part of good loam or 
light soil. When the soil is very sandy it is good prac- 
tice to mix some clay with it — at least one-third should 
be clay. This tones up the soil wonderfully and pro- 
duces bloom that is more lasting and of better color. 
For the same reason it is important that the ground 
be well drained, for a wet soil is always cold. And it 
is ec|ually important that the rose bed have a sunnv 
exposure ; all-day sunshine is the best, though a location 
receiving the ten to three o'clock sun is verv satisfactory. 



l^RUNING ROSES 



The manner of pruning 
will depend on the A-arieties. 
Most roses bear their bloom 
on the current year's growth 




of wood and bv remox'ing all the small, weak canes 
and shortening the hea\'ier ones about one-third, a 
cleaner foliage and a choicer bloom is produced ; but 
an exception must be made of the Yellow Austrian 
roses, which bear their bloom like the apple on spurs 
of the old wood. In pruning these it is enmigh to 
remove superfluous branches that interfere with the 
general vigor of the bush, including of course such 
branches as have become old and weak. In pruning Climbing 
Roses it will be found that nature has done most of the work 
herself and in her own peculiar wav, namely, l)v freezing out the 
weak and unripe wood ; so that not much remains to do but to cut 
out the dead branches. It is a common nn'stake to permit a climb- 
ing rose to "feather out," that is, to grow a bunch of weak shoots 
at the base, which saps the vitality of the bush without accom- 
plishing anything itself. About three new canes a year are enough 
to grow to replace the older wood as it dies out. This is the ''secret 
of eternal youth" in growing roses, and by its means a rosebush is 
always }'oung and never reaches the decrepitude of old age. 



PInte IS 



LOVERS' LANE 



MULCHING ROSE- 
BEDS OVER WINTER 



garden 



In the North Central 
winters are so severe thai all 
])lants should be i)ro\-ided with a mulch 
of leaves or straw manure three to four 
inches thick. This is ver\- benelicial to all ])lants, and tlie more 



An artistic creation of cultivated beauty for park or large garden. A well-chosen 
blending of shrubs and trees and well-kept gravel walk gives the scene an atmosphere 
of privacy and repose much admired by the landscape artist. In the left foreground 
are Japanese Maples. 



tender ones cannot retain their \-igor unless heli)ed along in this 
way. Plants, like animals, are \ er}- tenacious of life, and make 
a stubborn fight for existence even under very adverse conditions ; 
])ut when all their energies are expended in a life and death strug- 
gle, they cannot ])l(_)om freely. This is especially true of roses of 
all kinds, l)ut more especiall}- of the H}'l)rid Tea, Hybrid N(Msette 
and Dwarf Polvantha. 

The best mulching material is a co\-er of leaves. Drive stakes 
six inches apart all around the rose bed, or, better still, put up a 
one-foot strip of poultry netting, and after bedding down the 
taller branches fill in with lea\'es a little at a time, beginning just 
before scA'ere weather arri\-es for good, so that nfice will ha\-e 
found their w inter quarters and will not be likely to nest in the 
mulch that }-ou make. Leaves are plentiful and sometimes quite 
a problem to dispose of. This disposition makes a double use of 
them, as tliev can be added to tlie com])ost-heap in the spring. 



States the 



THE GREENING LANDSCAPE 



PERENNIAL FLOWERS 

FOR OLD-FASHIONED HARDY GARDENS 



THIS class of plants has man}^ practical merits. Being peren- 
nial they grow year after year without renewal, and when 
once established will li\'e for a generation or more with very little 
care. They bloom so freely that they are unsurpassed for cut- 
flowers; and their ^'ariety is so great that the garden is full of 
interest, from the little white Helleborus and Trillium which come 
to us as the first resurrection song of spring, on through the grand 
overtures of June and early summer, to the last, long recjuiem of 
fall when nature softly drops her pall of leaves above her dead. 

And they have great artistic merits. The range of color, 
form, size, and time of blooming is so varied that there is no linn't 
to their possibilities as garden material for the flower border and 
formal garden ; whilst for the mixed border they are invaluable to 
color and liven up the shrubber}- during the midsummer dearth 

of bloom. ^rt, n 1,1,, 

ihese flowers made glad the hearrs 

GRANDMOTHER'S of our grandmothers, and many of us 

GARDEN have childhood memories of the miracles 

of beauty they created. But for some 

unexplained reason they have been neglected for a number of years. 

In our vain search for something better many gardeners have 

planted tender exotics, with much loss of money and good feeling, 

with the result that there has come about a return to the old-time 

favorites. Meanwhile hybridists have been at work producing 

new strains and varieties, so that much progress has been made 

and, if they liuild gardens in the better land, the dear dames who 

mothered our mothers — and our fathers — must envy us, so great 

has been the impro\'ement. It is enough to cite the case of the 

gorgeous Shasta Daisies which Luther Burl^ank has e\'olved from 

the little field daisies of earlier days. 

Elsewhere in this book I publish a 
COIOR EFFECTS color chart as a guide to color composi-- 

tions, and the reader is advised to consult 
it in ])lanning his perennial garden, so 
as to avoid inharmonious combinations; for an assemblage of 
plants is not artistic unless relatedly connected in the grouping. 
It is unfair to affront the fair fame of flowers with improi)er 
arrangement. 

It is also well to remember that each fanflly has certain habits 
and peculiarities of its own. Some, like Sweet William, Achillea, 
Anemone, Columbine, and Coreopsis are low-growing and ex- 
press themselves naturally in the foreground of the taller kinds. 



COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



31 




IMjUc 1!» 



NARCISSI IN THE WOODS 
A driveway through a park bordered with Pheasant's Eye or Poet's 
Narcissus. In the background is the natural growth of woods — a fine 
combination of the natural and cultivated landscape. 

Others, like Holl3'hock, Helianthus, Boltonia and Rudbeckia are 
naturally tall-growing, and should be in the background where they 
serve as a foil for the lower plants, and have the breadth and scope 
of earth and sky to properly develop. Others still are of medium 
growth, like the Phlox and Delphinium, and fit in nicely between : 
but it is well to guard against planting them with such archi- 
tectural precision that they form banks or steps or terraces, but 
rather should they be billowed in broken swells like the cheery 
abandon of the ocean-waves. 

I append a few diagrams showing the proper grouping of 
perennials, and also a tabulated list of varieties according to 
height. For descriptions, see the Plant List at the end of this book. 



32 



HEDGES 



IT is good practice to define the boundaries of a prop- 
erty if only to add structural force to the picture we 
have created, and this is effecti\'ely done with a hedge, 
formal or informal, clipped or undipped. 

B}- a hedge is meant a ^'ery compact growth of shrubs 
that stand like a wall of green fulfilling the double pur- 
pose of demarcation and protection, and fortunately for 
us there is a \-ery wide range of -trees and shrubs suitable 
for the purpose. Any plant of compact growth, that 
well, mav be used for making hedges. 



stands shearing 



TJuinhcr^'s Barberry makes a beautiful natural hedge, 



requiring very 
and dense near 



little 



the ground. 



orange-colored 



bright 



crimson 



The growth is uniform 
It has an abundance of small 
blossoms very early in the spring and 
berries all winter. Without doubt this is 
the best shrub for low hedges. The Bnglish Barberry and 
the Purple Barberry also make good hedges, but they 
grow taller and recjuire considerable shearing to keep 
them in formal shape. 

Probably the most popular hedge plant yet introduced 
is the California Privet. It has clean, healthy foliage, 
bears shearing well and is free from all insect enemies. 
Unfortunately, it is not strictly hardy and must be used 
with caution in northern latitudes. The Bnglish Privet is 
hardier, but the color is not quite so good, as it lacks the 
glossy sheen of the California Privet. The best of all the 
Privets is the Kegel. This has a prostrate habit and 
makes a natural hedge of great beauty. 

The Japan Quince makes a gooc 
although its foliage is somewhat scant, 
red and makes a great show in 



bright 




Other good hedge 
Spiraea Van Houtiei, 
forget the evergreens. 
Ilciiilock, all of which 



trimmed hedge. 
The bloom is a 
the earl\- spring. 

plants are Lilacs, Bush Honeysuckles, 
Althea and Golden Syringa. Nor must we 
especially Thuya Occidentalis, Spruce and 
make beautiful hede'es. 



Plate 20 

POMONA LANE 

The view shows a lane or narrow driveway leading from the superintendent's 
house to the orchard on a gentleman's estate. The main features of the picture are 
tlie well-kept hedges of California Privet, which make a scene as beautiful as any 
of the far-famed hedgerows of rural England. Heavy plantings of trees make an 
effective background. 



WINDBREAKS 



WINDP>REAKS are for the purpose of breaking the force 
of the wind, and most trees for this purpose are grown to 
their natural height. Evergreens are the best. The Pine, Spruce, 
Fir and Tluiva Occidenlalis are all c'ood. 



Windbreaks are especially desiral)le in regions of severe winter 
weather, as they lessen the force of the wind considerably and add 
much to the comfort of the people and whatever live stock they have 
to winter, whether outdoors or indoors. If planted on the sides of 
the prevailing winds which, in the Middle West and North Central 
States, are usually from the north and west, they will be found 
to check the force of the gales not onlv, Init to deflect them u])- 
ward, causing them to pass over the buildings. In places where 
much snow falls windbreaks also serve as snowtrai)s to prevent the 
formation of drifts near the buildings. The railroads of the 
Northwest protect their roadbeds in this wav. 



THE, GREENING LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 33 



SCREENS 



0 

THE object of a screen is either to shut off an un- 
pleasant view or else to give greater privacy to 
grounds by shutting out views from the traffic on the 
street; so that the owner and his family have the full use 
of the ground without being pilloried by the scrutinizing 
gaze of every passer-by. The idea is carried to its limit 
in the common English practice of building brick walls 
completely enclosing the yard ; ljut it seems to the writer 
that a screen made of tall shrubs or small trees is in better 
taste, as it has the appearance of a natural barrier. It is 
remarkable what can be accomplished by good manage- 
ment and how even trees that are naturally large-growing 
may be kept in leash by pruning. One of the finest screens 
I ever saw was on a country estate in Germany, and it w as 
made of Norzmy Maple, which is normally a very large- 
growing tree. Other good trees for the purpose are Bo.v 
Blders, most Willows and Poplars, and especially the 
Russian Mulberry. In Erance, where the foliage of the 
Mulberry is used to feed silkworms, the branches are cut 
down low to produce a dense growth of tender foliage 
and the new wood makes a fine compact screen. To pro- 
duce a good screen any of the above trees should be 
planted two feet apart and cut down eighteen inches from 
the ground. It is better to begin with small young trees. 
Of course the evergreens, like Norway Spruce and Thuya 
Occidentalis, make good screens. 




VIEW IN GREENING PARK 

Hedges have a great deal of beauty in themselves, and they are appropriate 
in nearly every garden. They can be used on the lot line, around formal gardens, 
and to border walks and driveways. The traveler in England is constantly im- 
pressed with the beauty of hedges as garden ornaments. 

The above hedge is in the author's own garden in the antepark to Greening's 
Big Nurseries, at Monroe, Mich. It is made of Norway Spruce, and borders a 
gravel driveway which disappears in a graceful curve in the distance. To the right 
of where the automobile stands is the formal garden. On each side of the avenue 
is a row of Norway Maples. 



THE OUTDOOR PARLOR 

0 

A POETIC writer described the grounds about a house as the 
" Outdoor Parlor." This epigram idealizes the spirit of 
home, and is just what Talmage, in his ponderous way, used to 
call " wisdom in chunks, the hand grenade of truth." It is well 
known that a little money spent in improving grounds gives more 
real pleasure and artistic culture than ten times the same money 
spent in bric-a-brac. For about the price of a picture to hang on 
your walls you may have a living picture of your entire grounds. 

Many places, however, are laid out without professional ad- 
vice, and the results are often disappointing. A great deal of 
valuiable material is wasted through improper arrangement and in- 



artistic grouping. i\Iost people know that thumping a piano is not 
music, that grunting words is not oratory and that a splash of ink 
is not a picture, but few people realize that planting trees and 
shrubs without regard to expression is not artistic. 

The skillful gardener knows how to preserve large, restful 
la\Mi pieces where glinting light and cloud shadows delight the 
vision with their fitful play ; he builds a fleecy sk3'-line with his 
border planting and regulates the ground line b}'' the contour of 
his beds. He makes color harmonies with the varied hues of leaf 
and twig. His art, like all art, exists by expression and for the 
sake of expression. The magic of its spell is the secret of eternal 
youth. 

Nor can the plea be made that a place is too small to need a 
gardener's advice. The smaller the place the greater the need of 
one who can concentrate expression. 



34 



THB GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OP LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



FALL BULBS 



THESE are a class of plants that store up nourishment 
in their roots in the form of large hulbous forma- 
tions : hence the name. Most of them resemble onions. 

Nearly all the bulbs used in this country are grown in 
Holland, which is at present the bulb market of the world. 
But as indicating the versatility of the American people 
and the wide range of soil and climate under our flag, it is 
pleasant to note the development of the bulb lousiness in 
the Puget Sound district, where experiments have passed 
the tentative stage ; and it is a hopeful sign of the times 
to see this " infant industry " assimilate the Asiatic cheap 
labor of the Pacific Coast, and thus remove what has been 
heretofore a very fruitful cause of international friction. 
Nevertheless we are still dependent on Holland for the 
bulk of our supply and probably will be for many years yet 
to come. Alillions upon millions of bulbs are brought into 
this country every year, the first receipts coming in near 
the first of September and continuing for about three 
months. 

These plants require so little attention, and are withal 
so cheap, that everyone can enjoy their beauty, from the 
dweller in a boarding-house who is monarch of all he 
surveys, within the rim of a six-inch flower-pot, to the 
merchant prince whose grounds are park like in extent. 




TULIPS IN BEDS 
Beds of tulips at the intersection of walks in a park make a gorgeous show in 
the early spring. They should be planted in October or early November in well- 
drained, loamy soil, about three inches deep and four inches apart. Mulch with 
long manure and remove it when growth starts in the spring. 



SOIL 



The most important rec|uisite in the 
soil is that it be well drained, for bulbs 
are very intolerant of soggy ground. 
Even when the ground is tiled it is well 
to raise the beds somewhat above the level of the yard, so as \o 
shed surface water, and it will also be found that a slight convexitv 
will be a material assistance to that end as well as display the 
flowers to better advantage. y\s to quality, the best soil is a friable 
sandy loam, enriched with well-rotted barnyard manure. If this 
is not available, bone meal will help ; but in no case should fresh 
horse-manure be used, as the fermentation generates enough heat 
to kill the Inilbs. 

As the bulbs come in known, dis- 
tinct colors, it is possible to execute very 
pretty designs with them, though few 
arc more satisfactory than plain figures, 
like a circle, oval or rectangle; and after the bulbs ha\ e ripened 
the ground can be f)ccupied by 1)edding ])lants, like Geraniums or 
Salvias; or self-seeding annuals can be used, like Verbenas, 



LOCATION OF BEDS 



Nasturtiums, Poppies, etc., which require no care except thinning" 

out. One of the most successful amateur gardeners that we know 

uses Verbenas exclusi\^ely to succeed the bulbs, and he has a very 

enjoyable secjuence of flowers. 

In natural gardens the best place for the bulbs is along the 

border of the shrubbery beds, and interspersed among the shrubs 

where\'er there is an opening large enough to nestle a colony of 

them. Some of the bulbs, like Snowdrops, Crocuses, and Scillas 

can be naturalized in the lawn, and as they will be out of the 

way before the grass needs mowing they will come year after year 

without further care. Others, like the Poet's Narcissus, are fine 

to naturalize in the wild border. 

So far as 

concerned, like 
REPLANTING ^. . . , 

Narcissi, when 

it is best to get a fresh supply of bull)s 
e\'erv vear ; but ordinarily bulbs will gi\'e a satisfactory bloom 
"about three vears, when they should be taken up and dix ided. The 
large bulbs may be used again. 



the bedding kinds are 
Hyacinths, Tulips, and 
select bloom is desired 



THE GRBBN I N G LANDSCAPU COMPANY, MONROB, MICHIGAN 



35 



Before very severe weather 

,.,TTT ^.rxT-v,^ comes on, the l)ecls should be 

MULCHING , • , 

covered with straw, lea\'es or 

long manure to protect them 
from severe cold during winter; but care should be taken 
that this covering be not too thick and dense, as the bulbs 
are as likely to be injured by being kept too warm as bv 
freezing. The covering should ht removed as earlv in 
the spring as severe weather is over and growth com- 
mences. 

SPRING BULBS and TUBERS 



T 



ITESE plants are too tender to withstand outdoor 
exposure during the winter, and are therefore 



planted in the spring: hence the name. In autumn, be- 
fore freezing", they niust be dug up and the tops allowed 
to dry down, after which they should be cut off and the 
earth and old roots can be removed. Store in a cool, dr}- 
place, secure from frost, tuitil spring. 

These plants are not imported but are produced in 
this country and it will be noticed that only the Tuberose 
and Gladiolus are true bulbs. The others — Canna, Cala- 
dium, Dahlia and Begonia — have potato-like roots and 
are known as tubers. 

A very good use of the Gladiolus is to color up the 
rose bed, especially of the so-called Hybrid Perpetuals, 
which have not many blossoms after the month of June. 
The Dahlia serves the same purpose among shrubs, as it 
grows about four feet high and its many branches are 
fairh- loaded with gorgeous flowers. A few tubers inter- 
spersed among the shrubs will add a \-i\'acious pic[uancy 
to the border that is very pleasing. 

Many Dahlia plants are wasted every year on account of plant- 
ing too early. The temptation is strong to put out the tubers as 
soon as the weather warms up in the spring — at the end of April 
or early May. It is a little secret of the florist's trade to plant late 
and the commercial cultivators around the big cities, who grow the 
Dahlia for exhibition bloom, usually plant from June 10th to 
July 4th. 

The ad\'antages of late planting are logical. It is the expe- 
rience of everyone and more especially of those who are complain- 
ing of lack of success in flowering that a remarkable growth takes 
place in May and early June, when the tubers are first put out ; 
that the plants grow and flourish for awhile, then stop, and the 
foliage grows smaller instead of bigger and dries up ; and whatever 
flower buds may be formed go practically the same way. The 




TULIPS IN FORMAL GARDEN 

It is the month of April. Trees and shrubs have not yet felt the thrill of the 
new birth. Winter still sits in the lap of spring. But the Tulips are with us. The 
above garden shows solid beds — whole sheets of bloom — the colors distinct, gorgeous 
and plenteous. When the bulbs have ripened they are taken up and cellared for 
replanting in October; meanwhile the ground will be occupied during the summer 
with Verbenas, Portulacas, Mignonette, Pinks, Nasturtiums, Sweet Alyssum, Petunias, 
Phlox Drummondi or Poppy. These are self-seeding annuals that come year after 
year without care except thinning out. 



plants never revive until the late fall, and in many instances not 
even then. 

Late planting prevents all this, inasmuch as the first severe hot 
spell or drought is passed before the plants attain any size; in fact, 
they never stop growing. Another great advantage is that treated 
in this way no stakes are recjuired. Roots can be planted close 
together in the row and they will resist wind and any ordinary gale 
without the assistance of a stake. They begin blooming in August 
and are practically never out of bloom until frost cuts them down. 

Another system which I have ado]3ted on my grounds apart 
from the late planting is to dig out c[uite a good deep hole, almost 
a spade deep, and inserting the tuber only let it fill gradual!}'' as the 
plant grows. This may not be necessar}' in all soils, but with mine 
it certainly was an advantage. Many gro\\-ers who have followed 
my advice find the plan xtry successful. 



36 



THB GRBBNING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OP LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



WATER 

SOMEONE has called water the universal manure. 
Certain it is that its presence in the soil is necessary 
for plant growth. Plants take all their nourishment in 
licjuid form, or rather in a vapory attenuation of water. 
No matter how rich the soil may be in all the elements 
necessary for the growth of trees, if there is no water in 
it to dissolve those elements and carry them as crude sap 
to the leaves, where the function of assimilation is per- 
formed, no growth will be made. 

Water is as necessary for trees and other plants as 
it is for the human system. A constant and sufficient 
supply of moisture is essential for all the vital functions 
of vegetation. From careful estimates made in this coun- 
try and in Europe it is found that it takes about 400 
pounds of w'dtev to form one pound of dry vegetable 
matter. More water comes up by capillary action through 
the various forms of vegetation in a day than falls at 
Niagara in a year. Vide Enc. Brit. 

There is an annual precipitation of 26 inches in 
Michigan as reported by the government weather bureau 
at Detroit, and it is fair to assume the same amount of 
rainfall in the neighlxjring States. This means 300 tons 
of water per acre, which is ample to maintain a luxuriant 
vegetation if the ground is cultivated in the right way to 
retain it. There is really no substitute for culti\'ation, 
where cultivation is possible; Init of course for herbaceous 
plants that grow so thickly as to occupy all the ground 
tillage is out of the question, and watering with the hose 
becomes necessary. With trees, shrubs and rose-bushes 
it is different: with them it is easy to keep the ground 
loose. This will prevent the loss of moisture l)y evapora- 
tion and, by permitting the air to enter, the soil remains 
sweet and in good heart to produce growth. Only during a pro- 
longed drought should tlie linse l)e used and then with the utmost 
thoroughness, soaking the ground to the depth of the roots; and 
as soon thereafter as the surface soil becomes mealy and friable, 
cultivation sliould ])cgin anew lo conserve the water you have 
put in. 

The average man. h(>\\e\-cr. (lei)cn(ls altogether on liis hose, 
lie looks so nnicb like a gardener s(|uirting water on lus ijlants. 
But it is only appearance! He is a veritable Moloch of destruc- 
tion. The little hose-cart that he wheels through his garden is a 
twin ])r()ther of the Juggernaut of India. More trees and shrubs 
are Isilled ])y excessive watering than ])\' .all the oilier agencies of 




Plato 24 

PARK SCENE ON BORDER OF A LAKE 

"And the woods against a stormy sky their giant branches tossed." 

— Hemans. 

This is a park scene on the border of a lake, the row of Willows in the back- 
ground being on the bank. A little bayou filled with aquatics is spanned by a 
bridge, and the walk continues to the left in a winding trail through the woods. 
The tree in the center field is a Sycamore, those to the right are Maples, with an 
undergrowth of Viburnums, Barberries, and Prickly Ash. Near the bayou is a clump 
of Solidago, more commonly known as Goldenrod, and Phalaris Arundinacea, 
quite generally known by the common name of Gardener's Garters. 



death and destruction that beset the garden's welfare and its care. 

Of course when followed b)' cultivation watering becomes an 
innocent amusement; but it is the constant daily scjuirting of water 
without cultivation that is objectionable. It does harm by com- 
pacting the surface soil and excluding the air, by making the soil 
cold and reducing bacterial activity, and above all by establishing 
capillary action, so the water that is put on, in evaporating, carries 
up with it the water that is in the root-field and doing good. 

The farmer has no forced water, and yet he has the best pos- 
si])le success by tillage only; for by its means he conserves the 
natural rainfall. And after all it certainly seems reasonable that 
his time-tried methods are correct and wortln* of imitation. 



THB GRBBNING LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



37 



FACTORY GROUNDS 

0 

THE beautiful refines. It is an educator. It is an 
incentive to higher endeavors. And so at last the 
great truth is found that it pays to surround the fac- 
tory with trees and shrubs and flowers and beautiful 
lawns; that a mechanic in such surroundings is not on!}- 
a better workman but a better man ; and that the product 
of his labor is of better quality and of greater worth. 

In pursuance of this well-known fact many factory 
owners and managers make liberal yearly appropriations 
for beautifying their grounds ; and in some instances the 
operatives themselves have banded together in friendly 
co-operation, each department assuming some part of the 
work or some portion of the yard and vying in friendly 
rivalry to surpass in garden excellence. A case in point 
is that of the employees of the Grand Trunk shops at 
Battle Creek, Mich., who divide their grounds in ten parts, 
allotting one to each department, including the counting- 
house and office department. Prizes are put up for com- 
petition and much interest awakened among the employees 
not only, but thoughout the entire section of the city ad- 
joining the factory. 

Many benefits accrue, not the least of which is the 
spirit of fellowship and bonne entente that prevails. And 
as a business pi'oposition it pays to have fine surroundings, 
the impression made on visitors and prospective clients 
being the most convincing argument of the prosperity of 
the concern and the quality and popularity of its product. 

On account of the imperative demands of manufac- 
turing interests for good shipping facilities, most factories 
are located on the outskirts of cities near a belt line of railway 
service ; at any rate that is where they ought to be. In such loca- 
tions the land is cheap and a tract sufficiently large for a small park 
is available adjoining each factory, where the employees may rest 
at the noon hour in the cool shade of large trees, and surrounded 
with the incense of flowers they gather strength and poise and 
calm for toils to come ; and the owners and managers of these 
industrial enterprises — those who bear the burden of responsibility 
— those whose brows are wrinkled with the carking cares of end- 
less details — those to whonn a payroll looms like a huge spectre to 
be met and vanquished weekly — they will find a ramble through 
the park a soothing balm ; and when lost in a labyrinth of business 
the Ariadne of Rest will give them back the long-sought clew. 

But no matter how small the grounds may be there is always 
room for some vines on the walls of the building, for some trees 




Plate 35 

GROUNDS OF LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE 
CONNECTED WITH RAILROAD SHOPS 
In a small Michigan city the employees of a raiload shop have banded them- 
selves for mutual help, and the little building in the background is where they 
meet for study and intellectual calisthenics. In the foreground is where they meet 
for pleasure and relaxation. It is their garden. They have divided it in ten sec- 
tions by a system of walks, and each of the ten departments of the shop is allotted 
a section to plant and manage as it sees fit. As might be expected among high- 
grade mechanics, much ingenuity is exercised. Heretofore the main dependence 
has been tender bedding annuals, but the intention is to change gradually to hardy 
shrubs and perennials. 



on the street line and on the sunny side of the property, and for a 
few shrubs near the foundation walls ; and even in extreme cases 
where there is no ground at all available, window boxes can be 
suspended from wires or held on brackets, and some Bay-Trees or 
others that grow in tubs, placed on the steps and in the entrance- 
way, will give a cheerful note to the surroundings. A place of 
business, or any other place, without some form of living greenery 
looks as dull, dreary and desolate as perdition would look with the 
fires left out. A business that does not look on the cheerful side 
of things is already on the bink, and a factory that has no form 
of vegetation around it except the moss on the boss's back is 
beckoning to the financial adjuster, and listening with eager cars 
for the horn that blows the everlasting toot. 

Why not listen to the love-song of the birds in your garden 
instead? Why not join in their joyous chorus? Joy is wealth. 



38 



THE GRBBNING PICTORIAL 



College and School Grounds 



0 

Artistic Landscapes and Botanical Gardens 

" One impulse from a vernal wood 
May teach you more of man, 
Of moral evil and of good, 
Than all the sages can." 

SO wrote Wordsworth long ago ; so believes everybod)- 
to-day. " Back to nature "' is now the educational 



slogan. 



We know now, if we know anything, that real 
education consists in knowing the things that touch our 
lives, the things of every day — the common things of our 
work and play. The best university education is merely 
an extension of the kindergarten idea — for are not men 
but children of a larger growth? Blessed be Froel)el ! 
He builded better than he kncAV ! 

And in harmony with this idea a number of educa- 
tional institutions have established school gardens where 
the boys and girls become acc|uainted with the nature of 
flowers and \'egetables by the actual care and cultivation 
of a small plot of ground. This is a grand and splendid 
step forward ; but so far not much more has been done 
than the annual distribution of seed. Some of the more 
progressive school directors have gone a step further and 
established botanical gardens for the benefit of the natural 
science class ; so that within a small compass there is 
l)rought together a large collection of trees and shrubs and 
perennials to be studied, text-book in hand, under the teacher's 
direction. This method gives a far more intimate acquaintance 
with plants and their habits than the old way of merely memoriz- 
ing names. Other schools have gone a step beyond this, and with 
the aid of our landscape service have laid out their grounds in an 
artistic way, seciu-ing at once the double purpose of beautification 
and nature study. It has been found that students with such 
surroundings are more submissive to discipline, and school at- 
tendance has become a delight as well as a duty; whilst above and 
beyond all this is the iDeautiful fact that yoimg men and young- 
women have become more responsive to the social amenities. 

The Greening Landscape Company is in full sympathy with 
this educational movement, and the attention of school boards is 
especiall)- called to the fact that we render all three branches of 
landscape service. We make the plans, fiu-nish the stock and do 
the ])lanting, all in the most artistic and workmanlike manner, and 
we i)Ostively guarantee satisfaction. There is no disappointment' 
with tlie Greening System. 




Plate 36 

BOSTON IVY FOR COVERING WALL 
Ampelopsis Veitchii or Boston Ivy on a wall of St. Mary's College, Monroe, 
Mich., showing the regular overlapping of the foliage. Very effective to cover and 
tone a blank expanse of wall. Turns to beautiful crimson and purple tints in the 
fall, and is covered with clusters of small elderlike berries all winter. 



There is an unfounded fear that the school children, especially 
the boys, will abuse the trees and shrubs and disfigure or destroy 
the gardens. The facts are exactly the other way. The ideals of 
children have changed in the exact proportion that we have relaxed 
our rigid discipline. We have found out at last that love is the 
only reforming force and the rod has been laid away with the other 
instruments of savagery to be seen no more except in the show- 
case of antiquities. We now treat om^ children with love and 
kindness and bv surrounding them, at home and at school, with 
beautiful flowers they are sacredly guarded by the better angels 
of their own natures. Without exception where school gardens 
have been planted the boys and girls regard themselves, individ- 
ually and collectivel}^, as the especial conservators of their beauty 
and woe betide anyone who would mar or molest them. It is 
tlie story of Tom Brown at Oxford told over again, with slight 
modifications. Love is stronger than fear. The love of trees 
stimulates the imagination, refines the feelings and deepens the 
affections. Friedrich Froeljel, the guardian angel of children, 
was a forester's apprentice at fifteen. 



39 




Plate 87 



The Herculine Tree Machine 
for Moving Large Native Trees 



IN ever_v community, or in the country surrounding 
every town, there is a native growth of trees such 
as Ehn, Oak, Asli and Maple, and when such trees have 
reached a diameter of six to eight inches of trunk, with 
a spread of head running from ten to twenty feet, they 
are very valuable landscape material. Heretofore it 
has been impossible to move such trees with any degree 
of success and all impro\'ements had to ])egin with small 
nursery stock. All this is changed, however, and by 
the use of our Herculine Tree Machine it is now pos- 
sible to convert a barren piece of countryside into a 
place which the slow processes of nature wovild rec[uire 
twenty years to produce. This device is especially 
valuable for parks, cemeteries and large estates where 
ample funds are available for the purpose, and bv its 
use we can build a forest in a fortnight. Our ma- 
chines lift a tree with a large ball of earth which makes 
growth certain, and we can now promise you land- 
scapes while you wait, or rather landscapes without 
waiting. All you have to do is to show us the tree 
and we will move it for you an3^where you wish. From 
anywhere to anywhere is our slogan. 

The tree shown on the machine is an American 
AYhite Elm of eight inches caliper measurement. It 
was transplanted in the spring of 1909 and in the sum- 
mer of the same year appeared as shown in plate 28. 




GREENING'S ORNAMENTAL EXHIBIT 

Exhibit of Greening's Big Nurseries on the State Fair Grounds at Detroit, Mich., 
Fall, 1909. The shrubs in bloom near the tent are Hydrangea Paniculata; the tree with 
a globular head is a Bay-Tree. You see the Michigan Building, which was erected by 
the State at the Louisiana Exposition, St. Louis. It was afterwards donated to the 
Michigan Fair Association and removed to Detroit. The tall shrubs near the founda- 
tion are Spiraea Van Houttei, Spiraea Aurea, Symphoricarpus Rubra, and those in 
bloom are Hydrangeas. The large trees are native Elms transplanted with our tree- 
moving device. The young man in the picture is Howard Taft, a student with the 
Greening Landscape Company. He is a son of Prof. L. K. Taft of the Michigan 
Agricultural College and nephew of President Taft. 



40 



THB GRBBNING PICTORIAL SYSTBM OF LANDSCAPB GARDBNIN G 



WATER GARDENS 



WATER has a peculiar charm for most peo]:)le, and 
a small water garden, stocked with fishes and filled 
with aquatic plants, adds greatly to the picturesque beauty 
of home grounds. This is especially true of certain yards 
that are naturally dull and inert and which, somehow, 
refuse to respond to all ordinary treatment. In such 
cases the introduction of a water garden gives a new 
aspect to the place, transforming it at once into a scene 
of freshness and animation. 

It is easy to grow water plants. All they need is 
water, sunshine and good soil enriched with cow manure. 
The basin may be made of cement or puddled clay, while 
for the smaller varieties common tubs will do. On large 
estates, containing ponds or sluggish streams, a great 
assortment can be grown, including the Wild Rice, Cat- 
tail, Sweet Flag,- etc., but care should be taken to keep 
the seed moist from the time it is gathered until sowed 
in the water where it is to grow. Mr. Carl E. Schmidt 
of Detroit informs me that he tried for years to colonize 
AA' ikl Rice in his marshes in the northern part of the State, 
but always without success, until it occurred to him to 
pack the seed in moist cotton, when the experiment was 
successful. 

In building water gardens it is well to use some tufa 
stone for the borders and, in large ponds, floral rockeries 
and fountains can be built of it in the form of small 
islands. Tufa stone is petrified vegetation showing the 
stems of plants in many dainty colors. 

Natural scenery is the most pleasing >\ hen it comprises a body 
of water, or what may be called, a water.scape, and the estate that 
possesses a sman lake, creek or rill, has " prize beyond price. It 
then becomes a major garden featu-x and, being supplied naturally, 
there is no initial cost, the outlay being solely for trees and plants 
Ijetween the approaches to the water. A small body of water is 
mafle to look quite large by masking portions of it from every 
\-iewpoint, as this partial concealment makes it suggestive of larger 
areas hidden in the offscape. In the case of streams of some size, 
if the topography of the ground allows it, a charming eft'ect if, 
gained b\- interce])ting their course with rocks, shelving tliem in 
such a way as to form musical cascades. 

Near a lake or large stream the Willows are \'ery appropriate, 
especially the old-fashioned P>al)ylonica, and the newer \-arieties. 
llie AVisconsin Willow and Thurlow's AA'^eeping AA'illow. .All 




Plate 39 

PERGOLA OVERLOOKING A GARDEN 
The original meaning of a pergola is that of a structure overlooking a garden 
from some high vantage point, and the one pictured above fulfills these conditions; 
however, it is not the meaning that we attach to the word to-day. The above view 
shows a park scene with a lagoon beautifully banked, a geyser fountain springing 
out of a rockery in the middle of it, a beautiful cement bow-bridge and some trees 
in the distance, mostly Maples and Elms. 



branch near the ground, slightlv incline towards the water and 
give a delightful shade. In connection with these the tall spire- 
like Lombardy Poplars give delightful contrasts, as each intensifies 
the peculiar charm of the other. Of shrubs for this purpose none 
surpass the Dogwoods, in variety. 

AAHien artificialh- created, water efi:"ects are somewhat costly, 
and it is rather unusual to build them on a large scale, a fountain 
or tiny rill or a basin for plants being all that is necessary ; and this 
is always an interesting part of a garden, if care is exercised to 
guard against studied effects and to invest them with an air of 
naturalness. 

Anvone intending to lay out a water garden will do well to 
consult with the Greening Landscape Company, as expert advice 
is necessarv for each individual case. AA'e have had a wide 
experience in this class of work, all of which is at the command 
of patrons. 



THE 



41 



Improvement of Country Homes 



"God Made the Country and Man Made the Town" 

TO paraphrase a well-known saying of Lincoln's, the 
Lord must have loved the country for he made so 
much of it. The happiest people on this earth are tlie 
dwellers in the country, and it is only repeating a truism 
to say that the cities depend on them for subsistence not 
only, but for their very continuance. Actuaries and 
others skilled in vital statistics assure us' that the average 
duration of city-bred people is only three generations, and 
that the constant influx from the country is all that saves 
the cities from utter extinction ; and yet in spite of this 
awful fact, as awful as the fact of death, there is an in- 
creasing migration from the country to the city, a migra- 
tion so great that v^ithin a few years it has reduced our 
rural population from 65 to 35 per cent, of the total of 
our people. 

This is a deplorable state of affairs and, in my 
opinion, the remedy is to make the country more at- 
tractive, so that its boys and girls will fall in love with 
their old homes and, incidentally, with each other ; and 
as they grow to manhood and womanhood they will find 
a full measure of happiness under the sacred roof tree that 
sheltered them in their days of youth. The lure of the 
country must outweigh that of the city. 

Farming is the foundation of our national prosperity 
and there is nothing too good for the farmer and his 
family. Above all things he should make his surround- 
ings beautiful. There should be large, flower-bordered lawns, and 
trees and vines for shade and comfort, whilst roses, lovely roses, 
give their perfume like incense to the little winged god of love. 

For a great many years I have kept in touch with farm life 
by living on a farm myself and by meeting my fellow-farmers at 
their institutes and at the meetings of the State Horticultural 
Society, of which I am a life-member ; and on many occasions it 
was my great honor and privilege to address these bodies in lec- 
tures treating of horticultural matters in general and landscape 
art in particular. Moreover, my company has a representation of 
nearly one thousand agents, dealing largely with farmers, and their 
vast correspondence during many years has given me rather un- 
usual facilities to study the especial wants of country homes. 

The Greening Landscape Company offers its triple service to 
all clients. Interested parties will please consult our local repre- 
sentative, who will tal<:e measurements of their properties from 




Plate 30 



AN ENGLISHMAN'S HOME 

This is the house of an old-country Englishman, and in accordance with his 
wishes hedges form a very important part of the landscape, reminding him of similar 
scenes in rural England. This hedge is composed of California Privet. The Rose- 
bush at the corner of the porch is a Crimson Rambler, and the shrubbery detail 
near the house is a composite colony of many varieties, green foliage predominating, 
as it makes a splendid contrast with the red brick walls of the house. The shade- 
trees are Elms. 



which we w ill make a sketch showing the style of treatment pro- 
posed and submit an estimate of cost. 

In places where we have no representative, owners will please 
write for our profile sheets and directions for making rough 
sketches showing all existing features on their properties, and tell- 
ing the nature of the soil, elevation, aspect, etc., from which our 
artists can make a sketch drawn to scale and indicating location 
and grouping of each variety of trees and shrubs. In such cases, 
too, our planting instructions are so complete that the owner can 
do his own planting or have it clone by his own gardener, at the 
same time having the benefit of our artistic design and selection 
of the best planting material. Our aim is to help yon build a 
garden which will be a success and a source of enjoyment and satis- 
faction to you and your family for a great many years. A good 
garden, like good wine, improves with age, and the foundation 
is so important that it is worth while starting right. 



42 



THE GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



POSTGRADUATE COURSE 



IN 

LANDSCAPE GARDENING 

0 

MANY of the colleges thi-oughout the country have 
added to their curriculum a course in landscape 
gardening and they are doing good work with the facili- 
ties at their command, probably as good relatively as the 
medical and law schools do for their students. But the 
point is this, that whereas the matriculant of a law or 
medical school is usually willing to "make haste slowly " 
and practice under the direction of an experienced prac- 
titioner for a year or two, before offering advice on his 
own account, the graduate of a landscape school seldom 
undergoes the same disciplinary training with a competent 
superintendent of landscape construction work. On the 
contrary he hits the high places right away. He installs 
himself in the big numbers of the big office buildings in 
the big cities ; and to be consistent he charges a big price 
for his plans. All this is radically wrong. " Books alone 
can never teach the use of books." But trees alone can 
teach tlie nature of trees. 

" Know ye the rapturous tenderness of trees, 
Their kindliness, their beatitudes? 
. . . List to the speech 

Leaf holds with leaf and bough with swa3nng bough " 



THE GREENING NURSERY CO. 




My own son is receiving instruction at Cornell and 
taking the full course in landscape gardening under the 
most able educators in the country ; but after the completion of 
his studies there I shall expect him to take a postgraduate course 
with me at the nursery and in my office, and thus acquire that 
intimate knowledge of trees and plants which is indispensable for 
successful gardening. 

And I take this opportunity to invite all these young sky- 
scraper gardeners to come down from their high offices and work 
with me in the broad open air of the fields, and under the tutelage 
of nature acquire that experience which comes only by doing. 

And the invitation is extended to all young and middle-aged 
men and women, whether college trained or not, who love the 
communion of nature and who appreciate the dignity of a life- 
work devoted to making this world a little l)etter than we found 
it, to join the Greening Landscape Association and represent the 
Greening Pictorial System of Landscape Gardening in their home 
towns. There is room in every comnniniU' for a good worker, 



Plate 31 

CHAUTAUQUA OF LANDSCAPE ART AND HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE 
AT GREENING'S BIG NURSERIES, MONROE, MICH. 

Hundreds of people attend the lectures on gardening given at Greening Park. 
Among them are park superintendents, instructors and students from agricultural 
colleges, architects and young men and women who study landscape gardening as a 
profession. Our mammoth nurseries are worth making a long journey to see. 



and what is also important to many, you can earn while you learn. 
There are many men and women throughout the country in whom 
the art instinct lies latent, and who need only the spur of enthu- 
siasm to become most excellent gardeners. AA^e learn to do by 
doing. Write for particulars. 

Our plan of work is in line with the present trend of educa- 
tional movement, which is distinctly toward manual training: so 
that while the head is being filled Avith facts the hand acquires 
dexterity in putting them to practical use. Besides, we do not 
really know a thing until we tell others about it, and the reflex 
action comes in the form of an approving smile. Learn and tell 
others. Then you will know. Knowledge, like happiness, was 
born a twin. How did Byron sa)- it? Oh, yes — 

"All who happiness would win 
Must share it: 
Happiness was born a twin." 



THE GRBHN I N G LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



43 



A Lesson in Tree Propagation 



THIS field lecture by Chas. E. Greening is given 
in the budding field on the first budding da}^ 
The group comprises the budders, wrappers, about a 
dozen students from agricultural colleges, the super- 
intendent of the budding gang, and the writer, who 
in this instance is the talker also. Naturally, the 
propagation of trees is the most important branch of 
nursery work, and all employees are carefully drilled 
in the various operations. The planting of the seed, 
the growing of the seedling, the lining out in nursery 
rows, the budding and grafting of pedigreed scions — 
these are the various processes from which come the 
trees that are sold to planters and which afterwards 
become the fruiting orchards of the countr}^ The 
care and experience necessary to produce trees of correct form 
in body, the best root system, a well-developed head, a healthy 
and rugged constitution and a standardized pedigree — all these 




Plate 32 



are treated at the nursery in the most thorough manner. Upon 
the work of the experts in the nursery who take part in propaga- 
tion depends the successful de\'elopment of American orchards. 



The Study of Conifers-- A Field Lecture to Agricultural Students in Forestry 



THIS -view shows Mr. Chas. E. Greening deliv- 
ering a lecture at the Greening Nursery to stu- 
dents who are taking a course in Forestry. These lec- 
tures give a wide range of information, for the reason 
that they are based on knowledge gained by traveling 
in Europe where forestry has long been a c|uestion of 
paramount importance, and on the practical ideas of 
the writer with reference to the kinds of trees best 
adapted for timber on different soils and in different 
climates. In my tour abroad it was my privilege to 
interview the greatest foresters in Europe, who gladly 
shared with me their vast fund of information on 
this subject, including the propagation of seedlings 
and the management of young forests until they be- 
come merchantable trees ; in particular did I inc[uire 
and was freely told regarding the insect enemies of 
forests and the proper remedies to be applied. 

Forestry studies have always interested me, and 
I am at present engaged in formulating a working- 
plan, applicable to American conditions, and Avhich will soon be 
floated in the proper legislative channels. I have no doubt of its 
success if managed on a National basis, and I have confidence 




Plate 33 



enough 



in my countrymen to believe they will give the project 
their enthusiastic support when properly presented to them. In the 
meantime I ask the reader to Fletcherize on the subject of Forestry. 



44 



THE GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



A Lesson on Nursery Spraying 



AFIELD lecture by Charles E. Greening on sci- 
entific methods of tree and plant spraying gi\'en 
to college students during their summer postgraduate 
course in horticultural study. Students come here 
for the object of getting practical knowledge along tlie 
lines of our experience. One of them remarked, 
"One such practical lesson as is given here is worth 
many months of theoretical study in an agricultural 
college." The students in the group represent six 
different agricultural schools from as many states. 



Thev 



are bright, energetic vouno- men and most of 



them are sons of wealthy people. 

The lecture on spraying includes a study of the 
life-history of the different insects, that they may be 
met and fought at their most vulnerable stage of development, 
together with the best methods of combating them and warding 
off their attacks on trees and plants, as well as guard against 




I'latf 34 



their dissemination by the application of the proper remedies. 
The lecture also treats of fungous diseases and the necessary 
remedial measures to prevent injury by them. 



A Lesson in Soil Renovation by Means of Green Manuring 



THIS scene is on the Greening Nursery grounds, 
and pictures Mr. Chas. E. Greening delivering a 
field lecture to a class of agricultural students on soil 
renovation, one of the greatest problems that con- 
front the American nation at the present time. Our 
methods of farming have been wasteful in the ex- 
treme, with little thought of maintaining the produc- 
tivity of our land and, as a result, the farms, are being 
rapidly exhausted of their fertility. Note the aban- 
doned farms of New England: and note also the 
wheat lands of the Red River Valley in Minnesota 
and North Dakota which, in their ^•il-gin state, pro- 
duced an average yield of forty bushels per acre, 
and sometimes as much as sixty bushels per acre, 
which is now reduced to thirteen bushels in Grand 
Forks County, in the very heart of what was affec- 
tionately called by the early settlers, "The Garden of 
the World." An interesting feature of this lecture 
is the demonstration of practical results in the turn- 
ing under of various kinds of farm crops for green manuring to 
obtain certain results. The picture shows an instance in the 
Greening Nursery wliere a hca\')- crop of red clover is turned 




Plate 3.-) 

under, and the camera man happened to catch the students at an 
interesting moment. That much interest is manifested in this 
work is plainly disphued on tlieir faces. 



45 



ANNUAL FLOWERS 

0 

ANNUAL flowers are a class that fulfil their full cycle of 
existence in one year. The seed is sown in the spring and 
the plants are in their prime in a few weeks, when they bear their 
burden of bloom, ripen their seeds and pass on to their death by 
fall. They sustain the same relation to the garden that the 
butterfly does to the other denizens of the air — ephemeral in 
existence but beautiful beyond compare during the short period 
they are with us. And it is nature's law of compensation that as 
the plant does not live perennially from the roots, it bears an 
enormous amount of flowers and seeds to perpetuate itself. For 
this reason annuals are ver}- desirable garden material to color up 
the flower border and to make a few }'early changes in the appear- 
ance of the landscape. Shrubs make up the structural framework 
or what may be called the anatomy of the }'ard ; perennial flowers 
clothe it with garments of beaut}^ : and the cjuick growing annuals 
are the jewels that serve as extraneous ornaments. 

But as these are merely incidents to a garden, as jewels are 
incident to dress, only the most popular sorts will be considered 
and recommended; and as the Sweet Peas, Nasturtiums, Pansies, 
and Asters are more general^ cultivated than any others of this 
class, they may be regarded as the first choice of most people. 
For this reason cultural directions are given at length for these 
and, somewhat more briefly, for a number of others. 

I also append a list of plants which are perennial in the 
South — about as far north as Memphis — but which freeze out 
in the North and consecjuently must be treated as annuals and 
renewed from seed every spring. They are ^'ery showv. 

0 

SWEET PEAS 

MOST of the Sweet Pea seed in this country is grown in Cali- 
fornia for the large seed houses, and as they all have the 
same source of supply there is not much difference in the quality. 
Many varieties are sold in which the colors are distinct, but it is 
a lot of useless bother to keep them separate. I recommend the 
use of high-grade mixtures, as these contain all the standard colors 
and strains, and you will always get some plants of superfine excel- 
lence that you would not get by buying a few varieties bv name. 




THE TEN COMMANDMENTS 

1. — Buy from a reputable dealer and get fresh seed. 

2. — Sow earl}^ The best »Sweet Pea man we know sows on the 

17th of March — that's his rule — and he always has bushels 
of bloom. He prepares the ground in the fall. In the lati- 
tude of Cincinnati and further south it is a common practice 
to sow in the late fall. 

3. — Sow in clay loam if possible : if your ground is sand}' add cla}^ 

Spade it deeply and enrich with well-rotted manure. 

4. — LTse a trellis five feet high and run the rows north and south, 

so each side will get its proportion of sunshine. 

5. — Sow in double rows in trenches about five inches deep. Cover 

about an inch at first and graduallv fill the trenches as the 
plants develop. 

6. — Plan to have your plants three inches apart. Sow thinly and 

when the}' are up, thin out. 

7. — When the dry weather comes, say about July first, mulch the 

ground well to preserve moisture. 

8. — From then on water about once a week and do it ver}- thor- 

oughly — literally drench them. 

9. — If bothered with red spider or green aphis sprav witli tobacco 

tea or kerosene emulsion. 
10-Pick the flowers as soon as they open. Do not let them form 
pods, as maturing the seed will exhaust the vitality of the plant. 



46 



ASTERS 

THIS is the flower for 
the million and for the 
millionaire. This plant, like 
the Pansy, is sensitive to 
heat and should not he 
started too early. It is best 
to sow the seed about May 
20th, so they will start 
blooming in September and 
last until frost. The seed- 
lings should be twice trans- 
planted to produce strong, 
stock}' plants with good 
roots. When about three 
inches high set them three 




The Aster is a Good Cut-flower 



or four inches apart, and 
when the}' begin to crowd 

set them where they are to grow, about a foot apart. 



PANSIES 



PANSIES are grown so easily and sold so cheaply that it is not 
worth one's while to propagate them. They come in a very 
great variety of color, and they should be planted about six inches 
apart in a rich loamy soil that is cool and moist. For early sum- 
mer or fall bloom plant in the open; for midsummer bloom plant 
in half shade. These flowers have verv short stems. 



NASTURTIUMS 

THIS is the most easily grown of all flowers. It is practically 
insect and disease proof and accommodates itself to a great 
range of soil, though it is well to guard against a soil that is too 
rich. When grown on a clay loam it is liable to run much to 
lea\'es and not bear many flowers ; and when that is the case it is 
well to give it " wholesome neglect " so as to partially starve it. 
It is at home on a medium light soil, where it will bear an abund- 
ance of bloom. Its one weak point is its very short stems. 

As the ])lants do not take kindly to transplanting, the seed 
should be sown where they are to grow, thinning them to about 
a foot apart so they will have plenty of air and light, which is 
necessar}' for their dex'elopment. They need a warm, well-drained 
soil. There are dwarf \-arieties for I^edding and edging, and 
climbing varieties that need the support of a trellis. 

As in tlie case of vSweet Peas I recommend mixtures which, 
as a rule, will gix'c a good assortment of colors. 



OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



OTHER GOOD ANNUALS 

Ttie Candytuft is very valuable for cutting. It is a low plant suitable 
for edging. 

Cosmos are verj^ beautiful autumn-blooming plants; splendid for cut- 
ting; height five to seven feet and need some support when the plants 
becorne large. 

Mignonette is a fragrant flower and a general favorite; requires a cool 
location: sow in April and again in June for continuous bloom until fall. 

Poppies produce a dazzling display of the brightest colors; sow where 
they are to grow, as they do not bear transplanting. The seed is very 
fine — about the size of tobacco seed — and must not be covered deeply; 
simply pressing in the soil is enough. The poppy is a great favorite among 
the Norwegians and Swedes of North Dakota and Northern Minnesota, 
where most beautiful strains have been produced. 

Marigold is another favorite; free bloomer; one foot high. 

Nicotiana Affinis, a tobacco-like plant suitable for a shady corner; 
finely scented; flowers white, trumpet-shaped. 

Portulaca, a good bedding plant suitable for sandy, hot, dry locations. 

Ricinis Zanzibarensis, a superb tropical-looking plant known as the 
Castor Bean; grows ten feet high and has leaves two feet across. 

Sunflower, a tall, stately plant growing to a height of ten to twelve feet 
and bearing large, showy flowers a foot across. The seeds are edible and 
used as a substitute for peanuts in Russia. The Russian colony in North 
Dakota call it Russian peanuts, and grow acres of it for domestic use. 



HALF HARDY PERENNIALS 

A number of perennial flowers are not hardy enough to live over winter 
in northern latitudes and for all practical garden purposes they must be 
regarded as annuals, for we must start new plants from seed every spring. 
Among the best of these are the following: 

Snapdragon, bearing beautiful spikes of gaily-colored flowers and cov- 
ering a long period of bloom. 

Carnation, have beautiful fringed flowers, mostly double and in many 
colors: resemble hardy pinks. 

Petunias, require good garden soil and are fine for bedding, as thej' 
bloom from early June until killed by frost. Give sunny location. 

Salvia Splendens, a favorite for bedding and is most eft'ective in large 
beds, as they stand about thirty inches high and have an erect pose. The 
flowers are in long, glowing scarlet spikes. Known in different localities 
as Scarlet Sage, Scarlet Dragoon and Burning Bush. 

Verbena. The seed must be started early so the plants can be put out 
in the open ground about April 25th and set 18 inches apart. They are 
low and spreading. A rich soil and sunny location are required, ft is a 
self-seeding plant and good to succeed bulbs. 

Zinnia, a constant bloomer of easy culture and the colors are ^•ery 
brilliant. Attains a height of 30 inches. 

Marvel of Peru, commonlj^ known as Four-o'clock. The plants are 
large and each needs about two feet of space each way to properly develop. 
The flowers are funnel-shaped, white, red, yellow or striped with these 
colors. They open about four o'clock in the afternoon, remain open all 
night and generally perish liefore noon the next day. The abundance of 
new flowers produced affords a constant succession of fine bloom. The 
French call it Belle de Nuit, an appropriate name ^\-hich means Beauty of 
the Night. Sow seed in open ground. 

Geranium. The constant succession of bloom till frost comes, the 
lirilliant colors of the flowers and the exquisite leaf-markings of some 
varieties render the geranium very desirable for bedding. It is mostly 
propagated from cuttings, but propagation by seed is the only waj' to 
produce new varieties. 



47 



RAISING MONEY 

BY SUBSCRIPTION FOR 

PARKS AND 
PUBLIC PLAYGROUNDS 

IN small cities and towns that have no park hoard and 
in which the aldermanic council is timid ahout making- 
park improvements, fearing to offend a few ultra-con- 
servatives who have lime in their bones", and who, being- 
unable to advance, advocate a laisse.::-fairc policy for every- 
body — in such cases the raising of money by subscription 
is an easy way out of the difificulty. The scheme is also 
feasible in large cities where there is a general recognition 
of the need of parks, but where the bonding limit has been 
reached by other expenditures. Raising money in this 
way is not unusual ; it has been done many times and is 
being done right along for the erection of churches, or 
as an inducement to secure the location of factories, the 
building of railroads, etc. The need of parks and public 
playgrounds is so imperati\'e for the health and enjoyment 
of the people, that when the matter is properly presented 
all good citizens gladly contribute their share towards 
securing theni. As a rule such results are brought about 
through the initiative of one man of encrg}- and public 
spirit. The idea takes root in his mind ; he mentions it 
to a few' friends; each encourages the others with the 
soul-fire of enthusiasm; a public meeting is called: a com- 
mittee of prominent business men is appointed to solicit 
subscriptions; a site is secured and a Park is Born. 

In many towns there are some men 
INDIVIDUAL BEQUEST j^^-g.^ Cleans who are anxious to 
OF SITE AND bestow^ some such 1)ene faction on their 

ENDOWMENT fellow-citizens, and who will gladl)- 

donate a park as soon as the wish for one is formally expressed. 
Sometimes one man will donate the site and another the endow- 
n-ient for development and maintenance. The important thing is to 
secure a proper site, after which a private endowment or public 
subscription is easily obtained. Surely there is no better way for 
a man to perpetuate his memory and to win the gratitude of his 
fellows than by the gift of a park to the people, and I am firmly 
convinced that this form of public bequest is a greater blessing to 
the workers in the great industrial centers than the erection of 
monuments, convention halls, or even libraries; and I am hopeful 
enough to believe that it will have a large vogue in the future. 




Plate 3G 



PARKWAY PLANTING 



This view illustrates the beauty of planting shrubs on the parkway of a public 
street as shown in the left background. The parkway on the right does not show 
but it is developed in the same way and looks like the shubbery border on the 
right of the entrance drive. The shrubs most used for this purpose are Berberis 
in variety, but chiefly the low-growing kind known as Thunbergii, the Snowberry, 
Indian Currant, Dogwood in variety, Rosa Rugosa, Spiraea Van Houttei and Hardy 
Ornamental Grasses. 



WHAT ONE CITY 
IS DOING 



The city of Saginaw, Michigan, has 
been singularly fortunate in this respect. 
It has recei\-ed Jeffers Park from John 
Jeft'ers, Bliss Park from ex-Governor 
Bliss, and is about to become the recipient of Rust Park from Hoii. 
Ezra Rust, who at his own expense has converted a large tract 
of miasnn'c marsh land into a beautiful island park, the work cost- 
ing approximately one-quarter of a million dollars. 

And, after all, what is more attractive than well laid-out 
parks? Detroit is noted throughout tlie countrv as a beautiful 
city — a fame which she richlv deser\-es — and slie owes her glorv 
to her extensive park systeni. 

When you visit a strange city, do you not instincti\-elv seek 
the parks ? And do you not unconsciously gravitate towards them ? 



48 



SYSTEM 



EUROPEAN 

PLAYGROUNDS 



And when your friends from the country visit you, 
do you not flU the hmch-l)asket and invite them to spend 
the day at the park? Do not parks typify and reflect the 
embodied conscience of a pec~)ple in the same sense that the 
eyes are cahed the " windows of the soul " ? Woukl you 
care to rear your children in a town that has no park nor 
public playground ? Do we not, to a great extent at least, 
get our ideals from our surroundings? Judge Lindsay, 
who has made a special stud}^ of child life in the great 
cities, and to whom we are largely indebted for the estab- 
lishment of juvenile courts, says: "No child is worse 
than the home he comes from;" and perhaps it will yet 
be told by some gifted tongue that no man is better than 
the town he comes from. Our surroundings make us 
what we are. Parks are public educators. They make 
for good citizenship, for patriotism, for love of country, 
for a cheerful life, for a beautiful character and a well- 
rounded mentality. Let us all hope for the coming of 
that day when there shall be at least one public park in 
every town. 

In Germany, the land of 
philosophy and the birthplace 
of educational svstems, where 
the psychology of the child mind 
is best understood, public playgrounds for children are 
generally provided. They are heavily screened with 
shrubs and, in some cases, guarded by what we would 
call in this county a juvenile police, to protect them from 
boisterous intrusion. Most of the grounds are free, but, 
in a few instances, a small fee is demanded to provide 
for maintenance. This fee rarely amounts to more than 
three cents and secures the unusual privileges of tennis 
courts, baseball grounds, etc. The Germans are noted for 
their sturdiness of character and physicjue, and much of 
their greatness is due to the scientific development of 
children. Much of our own greatness is due to the Germans, for, 
more than any other people, they have helped to make our country 
what it is. 

In France, where nearly everything is done better and more 
artistically than elsewhere, the same conditions are found and most 
I)eautiful j^lay gardens are ])r()vide(l for children; the one unfortu- 
nate thing being that there are not many children. Tupper's 
felicitous phrase, "A babe in the house is a well-spring of pleas- 
ure" has never been translated into tlie French language — at least 
it is not yet perceived as a beautiful truth l^y the French people. 

'I'Itc vSwiss have many playgrounds — how could it be other- 
wise in the land of Pestalozzi, the forerunner and prototype of 




Plate 37 

JAPANESE GARDEN 

This is the recessed entrance to a Country Club. The design is Japanesque in 
conception, the lantern being a direct importation from Tokio, and it serves as the 
motif for the planting. On the right of the entrance is a colony of evergreens and 
low-growing shrubs. On the left are families of low shrubs, Deutzia Lemoineii, 
Golden Syringa, Japan Barberry, and Indian Currant. 



Froebel ? Is it any wonder that Switzerland was the first republic 
in Europe, and that she possesses a happy and prosperous people? 

Educators, the world over, now believe that a child should be 
trained through its natural actix ities and that all growth, mental 
and physical, should be pleasurable. Education is a dex'elop- 
ment, not an acquirement. The one way to develop a child ro 
the full measure of its capacity is to provide natural associations 
that are agreeable and let the little mind bloom and blossom as 
freely as the flowers that give their perfume to the happy air. 

"Suffer little children to come unto Me and forbid them not, 
for of such is the Kingdom of Heaven," is gospel enough to reju- 
venate and redeem the world. 



THE GRBHNING LANDSCAPB COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 49 



Conservation of our Forests and 
Reforestation of Denuded Lands 



ONE of the economic problems that arise in the de- 
velopment of a nation is the maintenance of its 
timber tracts. First, there is the period of pioneering, 
when much of the primeval forest is wastefully destroyed 
by axe and fire to make room for fields of corn and wheat 
necessary for the existence of the pioneer and his family. 
About the same time the commercial lumberman makes 
his appearance, and under the sway of his ruthless axe 
the grand monarchs of the forest that have taken centuries 
to develop are felled, and soon the whole country is 
stripped of its timber growth. This is called industrial 
development and we have become so accustomed to the 
abuse of words that some of us believe it is. 



REASONS FOR 
BETTER METHODS 



Our forest resources were 
so great that many people sup- 
posed them to Ije inexhaustible. 
Nature, in her patient way, had 
grown an enormous crop of timber, and in our impatience 
to harvest this crop we were more wasteful than prudent. 
Not only did we fail to provide for the renovation of the 
forests which we destroyed, but the branches and other 
timber-waste were left to dry and become tinder for the 
final devastation by fire , until that portion of our national 
domain became a vast tract of blackened ruins. It is only during 
the last administration that the idea of conservation has been 
organized into a governmental policy, and, as is usual in such 
cases, after the first spasm of reform, the policy has been enforced 
in a very vacillating way. Even as I write, the forces of con- 
servation and the forces of destruction are engaged in a sort of 
Kilkenny cat convention in St. Paul, and we know not yet whether 
we shall begin to conserve or continue to destroy. 

At present we have no well-defined national policy of con- 
servation, and cannot have, until the Question is absolutely divorced 
from politics — until our forests cease to be regarded as the 
legitimate loot of the powers that Idc. The actual work of re- 
forestation is largely left to individual initiative and we are in- 
debted for what little has been accomplished to a few wealthy 
enthusiasts led by the intrepid Pinchot. 




Plate 38 

SECTION OF THE FORESTRY DEPARTMENT AT THE 
GREENING NURSERIES 

The growing of seedlings of various kinds of forest trees is a very important 
department of the Greening Nurseries. MilHons of young trees are grown yearly 
for forestral purposes. Many varieties are represented — Pine, Spruce, Cedar, Fir, 
Larch, Maple, Ash, Catalpa, Locust, etc. 



NATIONAL 

JURISDICTION 



The old Ijattle of states' rights must 
be re-fought, and in this new contest 
we must align ourselves with the sub- 
lime Lincoln, who gave the clearest 
definition ever made of state and federal rights : " What concerns 
only the state must be controlled by the state ; what concerns the 
whole nation must be controlled by the nation at large." The 
preservation of our forests concerns the whole nation, and it is 
and must remain a Cjuestion of national jurisdiction. But this 
reform, like all other great reforms, must come from the people 
themselves. Kings did not voluntarily surrender their pow er, and 
those who profit by our lassitude and lethargy will whisper low 
lest we be awakened from the stupor of indifference. Nor must 
we depend on the politicians ; for, though they seem to lead, they 
follow most abjectly. 



50 



THB GREENING PICTORIAL 



SYSTEM OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



GREENING COURSE 
OF STUDY IN 
FORESTRY 



But happily for us there is 
ah-eady a well-estabhshed cur- 
rent, or perhaps I should say an 
undercurrent, of popular senti- 
ment demanding the conservation of our natural resources 
and the reforestation of cut-away lands; and this is shown 
by the establishment of forestry courses in our agricuUural 
colleges and the number of bright young men who enter 
upon said courses of study. As a further illustration I 
cite the case of twelve agricultural students who attended 
the field lectures given by myself at the Greening Nurseries, 
during the season of 1910, nine of whom expressed a desire 
to specialize in Forestry. 

The mistakes of the past cannot be avoided. The mis- 
takes of the present should be corrected, and there must be 
no mistakes in the future. 

We must not only cease to destroy, we must begin 
to produce. 

We must not only cease to waste, we must clieck 
natural waste. 

Last winter, during my hunt- 
ing trip in the South, I met 
a number of lumbermen whose 
lands were swept by the equinoc- 
tial storms, leaving many trees uprooted and broken. 
These are pounced upon by certain beetles that live on 
fallen timber and completely ruin it in about two years. 
The operators, being unable to harvest this fallen timber 
before its destruction by insects, suffer a considerable loss, 
and many of them become discouraged. What individual 
effort cannot do, the nation must do, or provide the means 
for doing. Why not limit the area of individual holdings, 
thus increasing the number of lumber operators, and make 
it possible for each man to proper!}- husband his own 
resources ? 



LOSSES FROM 
STORMS 



RESERVATION AND 
REFORESTATION 




Again I call attention to 
the prairie states which occupy 
relatively a large portion of our 
territory, and which are fast 
filling u]) w ilh a jjrosperous agricultural population. The 
soil of these prairie states is so rich and abundantly pro- 
ductive of cereal and orchard crops that they will con- 
tinue lo attract the ])etter class of farmers, and the land 
will rapidly increase in value. Farms that the government sold for 
$1.25 an acre a few years ago are now worth $100 to $200 an acre. 
Would it not have been a sensil>k' policv to reserve some of these 
lands for forestry puri)oses? And in the ])resent condition of 



THE CREATION OF AN ARTIFICIAL FOREST 

The creation of forests was a dream of the oriental imagination. The Arabian 
Nights abound with tales of forests formed by magic — by the waving wand of 
some love-lorn knight. They were peopled with nymphs and fairies and in the new- 
made sylvan aisles the Dryads danced. 

But the actual building of forests is an accomplishment of the modern world, 
and the things that are being done to-day, by the light of silvicultural science, sur- 
pass in scenic splendor the wildest invention of Scheherazade's fertile brain. Some 
of our great captains of industry are constructing forests of great extent, even sur- 
passing the immense hunting preserves of old England's aristocracy. I refer 
especially to the Rockefeller estate at Pocontico Hills, and to that of the late Mr. 
Harriman in the Adirondacks. 

The creation of such a forest is done by means of the promiscuous planting of 
a large variety of native trees, and to the equally promiscuous planting of a great 
variety of shrubs a-fe an undergrowth, all blended in a natural effect. This kind of 
planting is not intended for the purpose of obtaining timber, the object being simply 
to produce a particular kind of sylvan scenery, which cannot be gotten in any other 
way. In all my hunting expeditions I have made a special study of the shrubs that 
grow in forest conditions and which w,e usually call underbrush, and I invite the 
correspondence or consultation of anyone desiring to produce a forest of this kind. 
A winding drive through such a forest is nature's own tonic for the nerves. 



affairs, would it not be a wise policy at least to replant our denuded 
forest lands and provide for the ever-increasing deniantl for lumber 
\)y the prairie states as well as by the increasing population of 
wliat were formerly oin* luni])er-producing states. 



51 



SHALL THIS NATION 
ENDURE? 



The need of lumber is a fundamental fact in our 
national economy, but aside from this there is the further 
fact that the destruction of forests affects unfavorably 
the climatic conditions of a country, its rainfall, and the 
preservation of moisture in the soil. All history bears 
witness to this truth. The empires of the past have van- 
ished with their forests, and the land once " flowing with 
milk and honey " is now a desert waste. Across the gulf 
of time, from the mausoleums of the past, where nations 
groaned their last, there comes a wail that no nation with- 
out forests can endure. 

Shall this- nation endure? 
I say yes ; and I ask my fellow 
citizens to join me in further- 
ing the work of reforestation. 
By word and deed let us do what little we can to stop 
the despoiler while we may, and let us make partial amends 
for our national sins of forest destruction by agitating for 
the replanting of our denuded lands ; and when we read 
Bryant's Forest Hymn, " The groves were God's first 
temples," let us hang our heads in shame for the desecra- 
tion of those temples, and swear that while we live we 
will consecrate ourselves to the cause of reforestation and 
undo the mischief of the past. 

A few farmers realize the 
PLANTING OF forsaken appearance of their 

WOODLOTS estates without some forest 

growth, and already we see the 
advent of the woodlot, where certain portions of their 
farms are planted to trees of various kinds — Catalpa, 
Locust, Ash, Maple, Spruce, Pine, etc., seedlings being- 
used and the cost not very great. These small plantings 
will give some returns in fuel-wood within a few years ; 
later they will yield fence-posts and lumber fit for the manufacture 
of furniture; whilst the permanent forest- growth will become a 
priceless heritage to future generations. 

For a great many years reforestation has been a matter of 
impassioned interest to me. and I have made many experiments 
and gathered much valuable data that is at the command of any 
one who desires exact and dependable information. I am in 
position to recommend certain kinds of trees that will grow into 
money very quickly, and prospective planters who want the best 
returns for their investments are invited to advise with me. 

This character of forestry is differ- 
FORESTRY FOR ^. ent from that which is intended for tim- 

PLEASURE "^^i" production, requiring the planting of 

an u-ndergrowth as shown in plate 39 ; 




Plate 40 



GARDEN ENTRANCE 



Here is a plain Colonial pergola used as a garden entrance. On the left is a 
group of Berberis Thunbergii, and on the right is a floral rockery filled with Alpine 
plants. This rockery is built there to justify the curve in the walk. Beyond the 
rockery are subtropical varieties of Yucca, Plume Poppy and hardy Pampas Grass. 
On the pergola is the climbing rose, Dorothy Perkins, and the vine Aristolochia 
Sipho, commonly called Dutchman's Pipe, which, with its large heart-shaped leaves, 
makes a fine covering and screen. 



and this undergrowth demands a very particular treatment. Some 
shrubs and small trees must have a great deal of sun, whereas 
others are shade-demanding. This is one reason why I spend 
so much of my hunting season in the woods, where m}^ fondness 
for plant life is gratified by many observations. My field-notes 
contain much valuable information on the subject, and men of 
large means who wish to start a forest as a hunting preserve will 
do well to compare notes with me before making their investments. 

There should be established at once 
DEPARTMENT OF a part of our governing machinery a 

REFORESTATION Department of Reforestation, in precise- 

ly the same way that the Department of 
Commerce was recently established, and under this department 
there should be the strictest application of civil service rules. 



THB GREENING PICTORIAL 



SYSTEM 



OP LANDSCAPE 



GARDENING 



BUILDING ROADWAYS 



THIS article has no reference to the building of highwaj's. 
These are usually constructed under the supervision of a 
city engineer or road commissioner, who works according to 
certain well-defined specifications. In the case of highwaj^s that 
are built partly with state appropriations, the state highway com- 
missioner furnishes the specifications, these having become stand- 
ardized by use. 

Nor do I write for the information of the owner of a large 
estate, for when an extensive S3^stem of driveways is needed it is 
better to call in the services of a professional civil engineer, or 
consult the county road commissioner who, as a rule, will be found 
able and willing to advise in the matter. It is the business of such 
people to keep posted on local conditions and the}^ Avill often know 
where the best road-makine" material can be obtained. 



MACADAM 

ROADWAYS 



On very small properties where there 
is only light travel, cinders, tan-bark and 
clay-gravel make good wheeling, but 
none of these, with the exception of a 
thick bed of cla3'-gravel. will make a pike that will resist the wear 
of a heavy automobile, and none of these are serviceable on a 
more than 10 per cent, grade, as the rains will undermine and 
wash away the material of which the roadbed is made. Cinders 
will bind and become hard as cement if about twenty per cent, of 
black loam is mixed with them and, in a rolling countr}-. if cinders 
are used at all it will be found necessar}- to mix in this proportion. 

But, nowadays, in building roadways we must take account 
of the ever-present automobile, and the only substances that will 
resist this wear are cement and macadam. The former is very 
desii-able on a small property, for it is easily kept clean, and the 
tone is in keeping with the usual architectural treatment of such 
properties ; but on an estate which is treated as a natural garden, 
macadam is better. It will require yearly attention to maintain 
it in good order ; especially must the small water-holes that result 
from wear be filled up and rolled. Cement curbs define the edges 
and make a very trim effect ; and where a walk is needed, one curb 
can be made 15 to 18 inches wide, which is sufficient for ordinary 
foot-travel. 

Good drainage must be provided. Besides sloping the road- 
bed to provide for surface drainage, a row of tile shoukl be laid 
below the frost line, underneath each curb. An excaA'ation eight 
inches deep must be made. First fill with coarse stone, about egg 
size, of such uniform thickness as to be not less than three and 
one-half inches after tliorough rolling. Next add from one-haif 




Plate 41 

NATURALIZED NARCISSI 

It increases the floral variety of large grounds to naturalize hardy- 
plants in masses to produce an effect similar to a wild, uncultivated border; 
and beyond the first planting these flowers need no care, being left to 
express themselves naturally, untrammeled by human direction. Following 
this idea an open wood takes on an added interest when margined with Iris, 
Ferns, Narcissi, Cardinal Lobelias and Lilium Superbum. The above picture 
shows a large mass of Narcissi in bloom. 

to three-quarters of an inch of stone screenings and roll again. 
The amount of screenings used must l^e somewhat less than enough 
to fill the voids in the stone. After this apply a layer of fine 
crushed stone of such uniform thickness as to be not less than two 
and one-half inches after thorough rolling. Above ihis apply 
about three-c[uarters of an inch of binder screenings, wet clown 
thoroughly and roll. The amount of screenings in this case should 
be slightlv more than enough to fill the \ (nds. This roadbed, with 
a little annual care, shc^uld last a lifetime. 



THE GREENING LANDSCAPE 



RAILROAD LANDSCAPE 
GARDENING 



r 

RAILROAD people are very progressive. More than 
any other industry the raih'oads have helped to de- 
velop the natural resources of this country. They are 
now leading the van in beautifying the .towns and cities 
through which they pass by the artistic planting of their 
station grounds. The Detroit United Railway has under- 
taken a systematic campaign of improvements by develop- 
ing from six to twelve stations a year and has appointed 
me as their official landscape gardener. On some of the 
larger grounds very elaborate gardens are laid out, in- 
cluding small parks planted with shade-trees and many 
shrubbery details. The view here pictures the power- 
house at Ypsilanti, Mich., and shows what can be done to 
make beautiful even the surroundings of car-barns. In- 
stead of the usual accumulation of old iron and other 
rubbish we find here a lovely setting of shrubs and well- 
kept lawns. As there is a great deal of careless travel to and from 
the barns, guard-rails, made of gas-pipe, were used near the walk 
to prevent the employees and others from making a short cut 
across the lawn. The two beds in the foreground are in the park- 
way; that is, on the street next to the sidewalk. There is a similar 
planting on the other side of the building and at the rear. Even 
the approach to the power-house and coal-sheds is made beautiful 
by the combination of shrubs. 

But perhaps the most noteworthy fact connected with this 
improvement is that it is done as an investment. People like to 
travel on a line of railroad that caters to the intellectual and 
sesthetic culture of its patrons, and I predict that the time will 
yet come when the railroads will not only provide beautiful sta- 
tion grounds but will provide bouquets of flowers for their travel- 
ing guests. At certain stations uniformed attendants will board 
the trains and give a complimentary boucjuet to all passengers, 
a practice now in tentative use by the Michigan Central Railroad 
at their Ypsilanti station. 

I had a peculiar experience at the Ann Arbor station of the 
Detroit United Railway. The waiting-room is wedged in between 
other buildings and there was absolutely no ground near it. Now, 
making a garden without ground is very much like playing Hamlet 



53 




Plate 42 



RNS OF DETROIT UNITED RAILWAY AT YPSILANTI, MICH. 
Showing Landscape Improvements One Year After Planting 

with Hamlet left out ; but I found a way out of the difficulty by 
using Bay-trees in tubs and hanging flower-boxes ruider the 
windows. The results were very satisfactory and added greatly 
to the beauty of the waiting-room. 

DETROIT UNITED RAILWAY 

Detroit, Mich., Sept. 7, 1910. 

The Greening Landscape Co., Monroe, Mich. 

Gentlemen: — It gives me much pleasure to state on behalf of my 
Company, that the landscape gardening that you have done for us is most 
satisfactory. 

Aside from the great improvement made in the appearance of our 
Station Grounds, the general layout and tone of the work has been fre- 
quently most favorably commented on by others. 

Yours very truly, 

F. W. BROOKS, Vice-President. 



54 



THE GRBBNING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OP LANDSCAPE GARDENING 




The Tuller Hotel Roof Garden, Detroit, Michigan 



Designed by CHAS. 

IN the cities space is very valuable. The people on the pavement 
are in the prison-house of the panting populace — in the straight- 
jacket of a congested crowd. God's great out-of-doors is on the 
roof. Thank heaven for the roof ! 

During the early summer of the present year the Tuller Hotel, 
of Detroit, Mich., installed a high-class cafe and assembly hall 
on its roof, twelve stories above the din and dust and dirt of the 
street, and at once drew unto itself a very select clientele. About 
this time Mr. Tuller opened correspondence with me and, in ac- 
cordance with his wishes, I prepared plans for a roof garden in 
keeping with the sumptuous appointments of the cafe, of which 
the above is a sectional view. 

It is curious to note the evolution of an idea. There was a 
time when our hotel table decorations consisted of a few flowers; 
indeed, many of the flower vases of the Barbizon period were made 
to liold but a single bud. As time passed on and the appreciation 
of flowers became more general, the vases were enlarged until they 
were, in fact, miniature flower gardens — they contained huge 
liouquels of flowers. Later, the custom arose of using living 



E. GREENING 

plants, and the Ferns and Azalias had a widely accepted vogue. 
Still later, the Araucaria excelsa was used. Now the climax has 
been reached in the building of huge garden cafes ; and the above 
picture represents the best class of that type. 

It ^\'ill be noticed that the large plants are in tubs. Tliey 
consist mostly of Bay Trees, several varieties of Thuya — Pyram- 
idalis, Occidentalis, Hoveyii, Globosa, Chinese Compacta, etc.; a 
few Palms were also used. The roof has a wide overhanging 
cornice which is made attractive from the street by grouping the 
larger Cedars at the corners and on the projecting buttresses over 
the windows. 

The idea originated with Mr. Tuller, whose business initiative 
has created one of the finest cafes on the American continent. 
The credit of conceiving the plan is all his own : the only meagre 
credit that is mine is in helping him work out the details. That 
the Amel-ican people enjoy beautiful surroundings is evidenced by 
the fact that the patronage of the hotel and cafe was doubled 
within a short time after installing the garden. 



THH GREENING LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



55 



THE SPIRIT OF THE HIVE 



MAURICE MAETERLINCK says that a single bee 
cannot make honey, for the reason that a bee 
separated from its fellow bees is without industrial intelli- 
gence. A bee can be productive only when working in 
connection with other bees. This he calls the Spirit of 
the Hive. 

This law of nature is applicable to men. Co-opera- 
tion is the secret of accomplishment. One man by his 
unaided effort cannot do much. There must be the feel- 
ing of human service, the desire to help our fellow beings, 
and abox'e all, the brooding, creative instinct. It is for 
this reason that I have organized The Greening Landscape 
Company and gathered about me a force of practical 
gardeners. Each one of us by our individual efforts 
cannot do much. We are more or less like the bereaved 
bee that Maeterlinck tells us of ; but associated with a num- 
ber of other gardeners we become imbued with the Spirit 
of the Hiye, or what the German people call the " Zeit- 
geist," and co-operation being the dominant idea the best 
possible gardens are the result. 

A number of my friends wonder why, at my age, 
I have undertaken the enormous labor of preparing this book for 
publication, and by way of explanation I wish to say that my 
nursery business and other enterprises have been very successful. 
I have reaped the reward of honest endeavor and accumulated a 
competence sufficient to enable me to retire from further activity 
if I were so inclined. But a summer spent in touring Europe has 
convinced me that America is very backward in its landscape 
attractions, and I have set my heart on doing what little I can 
to make my country foremost in beauty as she is now foremost 
in industrial activity. To further this good work I have secured 
the services of a staff of able specialists — artists, engineers, super- 
intendents and construction foremen — who work under my direc- 
tions ; and this operating force of experts devotes its entire time 
and talents to making and executing designs for landscape improve- 
ments. Like my fellow workmen, the Spirit of the Hive has 
taken possession of my soul, and I expect to devote the rest of 
my clays to developing a more beautiful America. I cannot con- 
ceive of a nobler ambition for a man than to leave the world a 
little more beautiful than he found it. 




THE HIVE 

For a front view of this building where the Spirit of the Hive prevails, see plate 



Many of these, 



31. A number of bees in the process of incubation are also shown, 
in time, join our hive and become most enthusiastic workers. 



Hotel Tuller 

I>. AV. TTTIjIjEK, proprietor 



Detroit, Mich., Sept. 17, 1910. 

Mr. Chas. E- Greening, Monroe, Mich. 

Dear Sir: — We wish to advise yon that our Roof Garden Cafe, which 
is at the top of our building is now open and running along very nicely 
indeed. 

The suggestions you gave as to the floral decoration have called forth 
nothing but praise from our guests and the beauty of the plants which 
you furnished us, and the originality with which they have been selected 
and distributed about the garden have certainly added to the beauty of 
our Roof Garden, and for the assistance rendered to us, please accept our 
thanks. The idea of a cafe filled with beautiful plants such as you fur- 
nished us with, appeals to the people and has most certainly added to our 
patronage. We feel sure from our own experience that a floral cafe will 
call forth the patronage of the people. 

Again thanking you for your many kind suggestions to us as to the 
floral decorations and choice of plants, and hoping that we can see the 
idea become universal, we are 

Yours very truly, 

HOTEL TULLER, 

Per L. W. TuUer, Proprietor. 



56 



Greening's Color Chart 



THE accompanying chart will be found of great as- 
sistance in designing gardens, especially formal 
gardens, where the effect lies largely in the perfection 
of the color scheme. The points of the triangle show 
the three great primaries from which all other colors are 
produced. Diametrically opposite these places are their 
perfect contrasting colors, which for convenience may be 
called secondary colors. The points on the circle situated 
midway between the primary and secondary colors show 
the middle tones, or half colors, with their true contrasts 
directly opposite. To show the use of the chart as a 
determiner of harmony we will take as an example, purple. 
Moving along the circle on each side of purple we find its 
harmony decreasing as we leave it until we reach its most 
imperfect tones, turquoise and scarlet. Continuing the 
round of the circle, we approach its conti'asting colors, 
gradually getting more pleasing until we reach its perfect 
contrast, yellow. The dots marked on the line towards 
the center, white, denote the various tones of purple pro- 
duced by its mixture with white ; any of these tones forms 
a harmony with pure purple. 

This may be called a prismatic chart. It corresponds 
to the chromatic scale in music, and is a perfect guide in 
color compositions. 

I am well aware that many people regard this as an 
over-refinement in taste, and to them a jumble of color 
— a sort of scrambled-egg efi^ect — is agreeable in the same sense 
that rag-time music is agreeable to the untrained ear. At the same 
time it is very certain that the higher pleasures of gardening — the 
festhetic pleasures — the pleasures of the soul — are found where the 
chords of color are in perfect harmony. Landscape art largely 
depends on the taste of the gardener in being able to create a 
harmonious combination of colors and contrasts, such as will prove 
pleasing and restful to the eye. The study of harmonious color- 
blendings in the grouping of trees and shrubs, or the laying-out 
of a flower bed, constitutes one of the cardinal features of the 
Greening Landscape System. 

A musical director of my accjuaint- 
ance calls rag-time music the slang of 
RAG-TIME GARDENS ni^^sic, just as certain vagrant words are 

called the slang of human speech ; and 
there is, indeed, a wonderful resemblance between literary and 
musical compositions, the (|ualities that make them classic being 



YELLOU 




?urpk 



Plate 45 

purity of style and sublimity of conception. The same criterion 
is applicable to garden compositions, and detached plantings of 
color-daubs that have no rhythmic association with the general 
theme of the landscape, are, properly speaking, but vulgar garden 
slang, or to use the popular expression, they are rag-time gardens. 
Of rag-time gardens we ha\'e a superabundance ; of classical gar- 
dens, but a few. 

The sense of sight is our most precious possession and the one that is 
first cultivated. Few things in life are more amusing than to see a little 
child in semi-bewilderment at the mystery of some brightly-colored objects. 
As the mind develops and the constructive faculty is awakened, the kaleido- 
scope ceases to be a toy and its sjmimetrical designs suggest patterns for 
carpets, wall paper, mosaics, flower beds, etc. It is probable that the lower 
animals perceive the beauty of color and enjoy it as much as we do; and 
it is reasonably certain that birds are keenly sensitive to it, else why do 
they bedeck themselves so gaily to charm their mates? Even moths are 
susceptible to the allurements of color, and it is nature's plan to secure 
the cross-pollination of fruits by inviting their visits through the beauty of 
flowers. 



THB GRBUN I N G LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROB, MICHIGAN 



57 




Plate 46 



THE ELLIPSE AND 

THE ellipse is a beautiful figure that fits well in all kinds of 
gardens. It can be used to change the box-like effects of a 
small rectangular yard, whilst on larger properties it will be found 
a good form for the cut-flower or rose garden. It may be en- 
closed with a hedge or bordered with a grass walk. 

First determine the length and direction of the major axis 
and divide it into three ecjual parts at A and B in plate 46. From 
the center A at the distance AB describe the circle BGE ; and 




Plate 48 




Plate 4 7 



HOW TO DRAW IT 

from the center B, at the distance BA, describe the circle AFH. 
From the center D at the intersection of the two circles, at 
the distance DE, which is twice the length of AB, describe the 
arc EF ; likewise from the center C, at the same radius, describe 
the arc GH. The resultant figure is a true ellipse. Plate 47 
shows other curves that are easily studied out and it will be seen 
that the ellipse ofl^ers many variations' of interior arrangement. 
Plates 48 and 49 are two of the resultant figures. 




Plate 49 



58 



THE GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



TYPICAL EFFECTS 

TREES AND SHRUBS SUITABLE FOR CERTAIN SPECIFIC USES 



Elm, in variety 
Ash, in variety 
Maple, in variety 
Oak, in variety 



TREES FOR STREET PLANTING 

Linden, in variety Tulip Tree 

Sycamore Oriental Plane 

Horse Chestnut Catalpa speciosa 

Black Walnut Poplar, Carolina 



TREES THAT WEEP OR DROOP 

Camperdown Elm Kilmarnock Willow 

Tea's Weeping Mulberry Weeping Mountain Ash 

' TREES WITH PENDULOUS BRANCHES 

American Elm Babylonica Willow 

Wier's Cut-Leaved Maple Wisconsin Willow 

Cut-Leaved Weeping Birch Wild Cherry 

TREES WITH ORNAMENTAL FOLIAGE 

Aralia Spinosa Maidenhair Tree Koelreuteria 

Ailantus Cut-Leaved Birch Kentucky Coffee Tree 

Black Walnut Locust Russian Mulberry 

TREES WITH COLORED FOLIAGE 

Geneva Maple Purple-Leaved Plum Bronze-Leaved Ash 

Schwedler's Maple Purple-Leaved Beech Golden Poplar 

TREES WITH COLORED BARK IN WINTER 

Cut-Leaved Birch Sycamore Oriental Plane 

White Birch Colorado Willow Golden Ash 



TREES WITH SHOWY FLOWERS 



Judas Tree 
Chinese Magnolia 



Mountain Ash 
Laburnum 
Chestnut, American 



May 

Cornus, Florida 
Horse Chestnut 

June 

Thorns, in variety 
Catalpa speciosa 
Koelreuteria 



Crabs, Flowering 
Bird Cherry 

Lindens, in variety 
Virgilia lutea 
White Locust 



TREES WITH ORNAMENTAL FRUIT 

Hackberry Mountain y\sh, in variety Oaks, in variety 

Cornus Florida Sassafras Walnut 

Thorns, in variety Bird Cherry American Chestnut 



SHRUBS FOR SHOWY FLOWERS 



Forsythia 
Japan Quince 
Flowering Almond 
Spirjea prunifolia 



Deutzia gracilis 

" Lemoinei 
Rosa rugosa 
Viburnum opulus 



Spir;ea Billardi 



Althea, in variety 
Hydrangea paniculata 



May 

Spiraea Arguta 

" Thunbergii 
Lilacs, in variety 
Spiraea Van Houttei 

June 

Weigelia, in variety 
Cornus alba 
Lilac, Josika;a 
Syringa, in variety 

July 

Hydrangea Arborescens 
August and September 

Japan Corchorus 
11 amamelis 



Rhodotypus 
Floneysuckle 
Calycanthus 
Berberis, in variety 

Buckthorn 
P:eonies, in variety 
Elder 

Deutzia crenata 



Spirrea A. Waterer 

Clethra 
Caryopteris 



SHRUBS FOR SHADY LOCATIONS 

Symphoricarpos alba Cornus, in variety Deutzia gracilis 

Privet, in variety Hamamelis 
Viburnum, in variety Lycium barbarum 
Flowering Currant Lonicera Halliana 



rubra 
Berberis Thunbergii 
Prickly Ash 



SHRUBS WITH BRIGHT-COLORED BARK IN WINTER 

Cornus alba Cornus stolonifera Kerria Japonica 



elegantissima 



sangumea 



Salix aurea 



SHRUBS WITH COLORED FOLIAGE 

Berberis purpurea Corylus atropurpurea Spirjea aurea 

Cornus elegantissima Weigelia Sieboldii Prunus Pissardi 

Sambucus aurea Hibiscus variegata Philadelphus aurea 

SHRUBS FOR TRIMMERS 

Low shrubs of prostrate habit, for trimming under the large shrubs. 



Berberis Thunbergii 
Symphoricarpos alba 
" rubra 



Spiraea Bumaldi 

Ant. Waterer 
" Van Plouttei 
Berberis Thunbergii 



Adam's Needle 
Deutzia gracilis 
Lemoinei 



SHRUBS FOR HEDGES 

Berberis vulgaris 

purpurea 
Buckthorn 
Privet, in variety 



Privet Regelianum 
Syringa, in variety 
Philadelphus, in var. 
Russian Mulberry 



SHRUBS FOR RETAINING EMBANKMENTS AND FOR GROUND- 
COVER IN STONY PLACES 

Matrimony Vine Sumac, in variety Panicled Dogwood 

Rosa humilis \Villow, in variety Bittersweet 

SHRUBS WITH BERRIES IN FALL AND WINTER 

Snowberry Lonicera Tartarica Bittersweet 

Indian Currant Rosa rugosa Sambucus 

Rhodotypus Prickly Ash Sumac 

Berberis, in variety Matrimony Vine Woodbine 



VINES, SHOWING PERIOD OF BLOOM 



Wistaria 

Dutchman's Pipe 



Actinidia 



Hollyhocks 
Helianthus 

Phlox 

Pyrethrum 

Coreopsis 

Gaillardia 

Digitalis 



Shasta Daisy 
Hardy Pinks 
Aquilegia 



June 

Bittersweet 
Akebia 

July and August 

Trumpet Vine 



Honeysuckle, in var. 
Matrimon}^ Vine 

Clematis, in variety 



Ra\'enna 



PERENNIAL FLOWERS 

TALL-GROWING, FOR BACKGROUNDS 

Rudbcckia Bocconia 

Boltonia Erianthus 
MEDIUM HEIGHT 

Hibiscus Tritoma 

Delphinium P;conies 

Eulalia Day Lily 

Platycodon Iris 

Chrysanthemum Dicentra 

LOW-GROWING, FOR BORDERS 

Campanula Phlox subulata 

Iberis Dianthus 
Stokesia Anemone 



59 



f trtonal §>nt\m 

OF 

GREENING'S Pictorial System of 
Landscape Gardening 

Up to this point T have endeavored hy text and ilKts- 
tration to make plain the principles of landscape 
gardening, and the appreciative stndent "is now readv 
to enter upon the study of the best examples of land- 
scape compositions as portrayed by pictorial art. 

There are some things beyond the power of lan- 
guage to express. Words are but the shucks of sound. 
After all, language is a very imperfect instrument to 
convey thought, and when the poor power of words can 
go no further, pictures tell our inmost musings. Pic- 
tures are the soul of sense. 

There are beauties and emotions that transcend 
all speech. A Ijeautiful garden is one of these. It 
makes a perfect picture. In the presence of such a 
picture we can but stand bedumbed with awe, and in 
the hush and silence feel the thrill that speech hath 
never told. 

From now on the student has but to sit and look 
and let his brooding soul hatch out his thoughts. The 
pictures are arranged like a mo\'ing panorama, and 
every style of garden in various stages of development 
is presented for consideration. 

In this respect the present work is unique. To teach gar- 
dening in the language of pictures has never been attempted before, 
and no writer on the subject of landscape art has collected such a 
large number of beautiful photographs for a similar purpose. 
Each one is true to life and reflects with absolute iidelity " the 
face and form of nature's perfect self." 

Whilst the book will be of great assistance to professional 
landscape gardeners and building architects, it is designed pri- 
marily for the amateur who can learn how to beautify his own 
grounds and weave his personality into every feature of his gar- 
den. The study of pictures will help him develop his analytic 
faculty, after which the synthetic sense of construction will come 
quickly into play, and the making of gardens will become a supreme 
delight. 

As a further aid to the student I have added my own descrip- 
tion of each subject, but I recommend that he make his own analy- 




PJate 60 

A FLOWERY GLEN— VERY PICTURESQUE 

A rolling country offers great diversity of scenery and is the delight of the land- 
scape artist. The scene shows a house built on a hillside. The top of the hill is cov- 
ered with Maple-trees and the slope is naturalized with flowers. On the lower level is 
the yard proper, which is kept open for use and beauty, and the framework of shrubs 
around it consists of Rosa Rugosa, Spiraea, Weigelia, Philadelphus, Lilac and Deutzia. 
The tree in the left center field is a Lombardy Poplar and the one next to it is a 
Magnolia. The vines on the house are Hall's Honeysuckle and American Woodbine. 

specimen evergreens are Thuya Occidentalis, var. Pyramidalis. One urn 
Century Plant, and the others are filled with Geraniums. 



The little 
contains a 



sis and refer to the text merely as an incidental aid. In every case 
I have named with great particularity of detail all the trees and 
shrubs that are used in each picture, and indicated its special 
beauties or faults of construction, thus enabling the reader who 
has no time to pursue the study in detail to quickly vmderstand the 
salient points of garden composition And, if after reading this book 
there still remain any obstacles to overcome, the reader is asked to 
write me freely for any further information he may desire. I 
want him to write me an3diow. If I ha.ve helped him, it is pleasant 
to be told ; if I have failed to do so, his generous suggestions will 
teach me how. 

And in conclusion, I ask all readers who have beautiful garden 
scenes, especially those readers who have had unusual successes in 
their garden work, to send me some good \Mews suitable for repro- 
duction. All that are available will be gladly used in a future 
edition of this book and proper acknowledgments will be made. 



63 



THE GRBBNING PICTORIAL 



SYSTEM 




I'late 52. An Kxt-lusive Residence Street 



F LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



A PRIVET ARCH 

Live gateways and arches are very ornamental, and all kinds 
of efforts are made to form these of vines and rose-bushes sup- 
ported on wire frames. Here is one made of California Privet, 
the same plant that forms the hedge. It looks as if it were 
chiseled out of a wall of green. 

The application of this idea is common in Europe, and such 
hedges and fantastic entrances are numerous in London, espe- 
cially on the road between the city and the Kew Gardens. All 
the gardens are thus enclosed, and the traveler is impressed with 
the quiet seclusion of the inhabitants. Every garden of any con- 
sequence is enclosed with hedges; and this refers not only to the 
flower gardens but to the vegetable and fruit gardens as well. 
Hedges always look well provided they are well kept, and the 
English gardeners certainly know how to take care of hedges. 
Such hedges are especially recommended in America, where there 
is much neglected, vacant property overgrown with weeds 




AN EXCLUSIVE RESIDENCE STREET 

This gateway is the entrance to an exclusive residence street. 
It is a dedicated street and belongs to the public, but the form 
is so unusual that it looks more like the entrance to a gentleman's 
estate than an avenue for public travel. The street is just wide 
enough for a driveway on each side of an esplanade in the middle. 
This esplanade is filled with a heavy growth of dwarf shrubs, 
chiefly Berberis Thunbergii, Snowberry, Indian Currant, Vibur- 
num and Spiraea. The entrance itself is severely architectural, 
the only floral decoration being an urn on each post. The trees 
are Maples, headed up to a good height for avenue planting. 
This idea is commended to those who lay out what, in the par- 
lance of the trade, is known as "Quality subdivisions." In such 
cases, too, there is much gain in having the planting designed by 
one man, as this insures unity of composition. 



THH GRBBNING LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 61 



INFORMAL GARDEN WITH LARGE OPEN LAWN 

An informal garden of great beauty. The contrast of open 
lawn and heavy border planting is most agreeable. The shrubs 
near the house are Spiraea Van Houttei, those bordering the lawn 
are of many varieties intermixed. The large tree in front of the 
house is an Elm. 

This is one of the finest examples of artistic garden com- 
position in this book. The reader will understand it at a glance 
and see that the idea of an open lawn treatment with a heavy 
border planting makes a pleasing picture. There is no limit to 
the application of this idea, the permutations being as numerous 
as the sands of the sea. The house is a sort of cross between the 
Mission and Moorish styles of architecture^ and the shrubs at 
its base are shaped by the Greening System of summer pruning 
to make them conform with its outlines. This idea of pruning 
originated with myself, and whilst the innovation was regarded 
with suspicion at first, it is now followed by a number of gar- 
deners, some of whom are not quite generous enough to give 
credit for the idea. But no matter — the public gets the benefit 
anyhow. 




I'late 63. Jiituritial Oardeii witli Large Open I. awn 



DEUTZIA GRACILIS FOR A NARROW SPACE 

On many properties there is a narrow space of ground be- 
tween the sidewalk and the foundation wall which is hard to 
treat. It is impossible to grow grass satisfactorily and if it 
were it is unmanageable with a mower. The best thing to do is 
to plant the space with Deutzia Gracilis, which is a low, dense- 
growing shrub that makes a fine ground-cover and is very beauti- 
ful in June when covered with a mass of snow-white blossoms. 
It is a shrub that does well in the sun or shade, and can be used 
on any side of a building. Berberis Thunbergii is also adapted for 
this purpose, but the border must be closely sheared, as it is 
thorny and liable to catch in a lady's dress and pull a thread, a 
happenstance that ruffles both the garment and the wearer 
thereof. 

If the rpace is at least five feet in width taller shrubs may 
be used, say Philadelphus Aurea, the erect-growing Spiraeas like 
Billardi and Sorbifolia, as well as the Privets, in variety. On the 
sunny side of the house, if the ground is fairly rich, the Baby 
Rambler makes a good bedding plant for this purpose. 




plate 54. Shrubs for a Narrow Space 




rllltd tid. An I iiroi'iiial Ai>proacli 



OP LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



GREENING'S HORTICULTURAL GARDENS 

These gardens present a perfect dream of beauty and ele- 
gance. They are the admiration of the most fastidious visitor, 
the ideal of the beautiful in tree, lawn, shrub, hedge, etc. The 
artistic arrangement of grounds and buildings, beautiful parks, 
handsome avenues, fine driveways and walks, our excellent sys- 
tem of waterworks, and numerous other things to be seen at the 
country home of the author, give an impressive example of what 
human energy and ambition may accomplish. 

These gardens were converted from an ugly-looking, deep 
ravine which required thousands of loads of soil to adjust the 
grade. The composition is formal and consists of hardy varieties. 
The walks are of crushed trap-rock, rolled hard as cement, and 
the chief care is to keep the edges clean. 



AN INFORMAL APPROACH 

This is a modification of an informal approach, the lines of 
the walk being carefully edged, but no formality is attempted in 
the floral border, which is a tangled growth of foliage in " mag- 
nificent disorder." The background is a trellis covered with 
Crimson Rambler Roses, whilst the ground-cover consists of low- 
growing perennials, Achillea, Anemone, Veronica, Rupestris, 
Lychnis, Coronaria, Aquilegia, Gaillardia, Shasta Daisy, Pasonies 
and Tritoma. This walk leads from the side of the residence to 
the natural garden by the river bank. 

The creation of such a border is sim.plicity itself. It should 
not be forgotten that flowering plants have a great deal of indi- 
vidual beauty irrespective of arrangement in an informal planting, 
and there is no excuse for anyone being without an abundance 
of flowers. I will even go further and say that poverty is no bar 
— for love will find a way. The love of flowers is more than a 
sentiment: it is an enthralling passion. Even those who cannot 
afford to buy plants can make a very respectable collection from 
the woods, the fields, the roadsides. Do you know the beauty of 
the Goldenrod? Do you sense the charm of the Milkweed or the 
Bull-thistle? 



THB GRBBNING LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



A DOUBLE REVERSE CURVE 

This park scene is on rolling ground, which fact explains 
the double-reverse in the driveway. It follows a natural ravine 
and winds around the hillocks to avoid abrupt grades. This 
satisfies our sense of propriety in such things, and even adds a 
peculiar charm to the landscape. On level ground only one re- 
verse would be permissible, for curves do not please when they 
are obviously put in for effect. 

The tall trees in this scene are Maples and Elms, the shrubs 
in white bloom are Spiraea Van Houttei and the others are Rosa 
Rugosa, Berberis Vulgaris and Thunbergii, Philadelphus, Syringa, 
Deutzia and Viburnum. 

Few people realize the beauty of the Rosa Rugosa as a sub- 
ject for shrubbery borders in large masses. The foliage is abun- 
dant, crinkled, end cf a glossy green; and above all it is practically 
immune from the attacks of insects. 




ENTRANCE TO A WOODED COPSE 

On each side of the entrance to this wooded copse is a 
border of hardy perennial flowers and ornamental grasses, which 
serves as a foil for the lawn and sharply defines the outline. 
The border consists of Yucca, Iris, Phlox, Delphinium, Shasta 
Daisy, Pyrethrum, Boltonia and Coreopsis. They give a great 
variety of color and succession of bloom. 

In this picture we want to show the beauty of natural and 
cultivated effects as practiced by the Greening Pictorial System. 
Any cluster of trees and undergrowth may be treated in this 
manner, irrespective of the size of the estate; nor does it make 
any difference how small or large the trees are. In order to fill 
out the ground-cover and make it look more mature in finish 
many woody shrubs are used, care being taken to select kinds 
that do well in the shade. There is a way of treating such 
natural scenes to intensify their sylvan appearance, and the 
art must be practiced in accordance with the science of silvi- 
culture. 

Many of the large English estates are treated in this way, 
and as we leave the lawn area we plunge at once into a thick 
woods filled with birds and squirrels and, in some cases, with 
antlered game. The lawns are mowed with horse-power ma- 
chines and look somewhat like an American meadow in May. 
They are green enough but quite coarse. 




Plate 57. A Double Iteverse Curve 




Plate 58. JKutrance to ii Wooded Copse 




P LANDSCAPE GARDBNING 



A CITY BACK YARD 

It has come about that a back yard is the most valuable part 
of the city lot; for that is truly one's own. The front yard be- 
longs more or less to the public; at any rate, common courtesy 
allows it, for it is usually given open treatment. But the back 
yard is different: by planting a bit of woodland it becomes a 
sacred place, that none but friends dare enter — a little fam.ily 
sanctuary beyond the reach of unbidden guest. 

The above picture shows a pergola leading from the back 
of the house to the formal garden at the extreme rear. And it 
shows an open lawn on one side with a settee under the apple- 
tree which fits nicely in a large yard, giving it an "old home- 
stead " sort of look which is very pleasing. Next to the per- 
gola and on the side nearest the house is a composite group of 
shrubs that give a succession of bloom; and in front of them is 
a border of perennial flowers. 

The vines on the pergola are Ampelopsis Quinquefolia, Loni- 
cera Halliana, Lycium Barbarum and Clematis Paniculata. 



ANOTHER VIEW OF THE SAME PERGOLA 

This is another view of the same pergola taken at the same 
hour, and showing the same shadow effects; also showing the 
shrubs on the other side, which are Spiraea Van Houttei, Ber- 
beris, Syringa, Philadelphus and Deutzia Gracilis. The trees 
in the boxes are Thuya Lutea, a golden-leaved evergreen of 
pyramidal form. 

The construction of this pergola is accomplished at a very 
small expense. It can be easily put up by a local carpenter. 
The foundation is made of concrete and rises one foot above 
the ground. The columns are 4x4, veneered wdth one-inch 
boards, dressed. The girders are 2x8 and 12 feet long, placed 
double, with braces between carefully packed. The trestle-work 
is made of 2x6 stuff with molded ends, whilst over all is a 
lattice-work of three-inch strips. The vines are planted near 
the columns and trained to form a canopy. Between the col- 
umns, a Privet hedge or some formal shrubs should be planted. 



mn grhhn 1 N c landsc 



A VINE-MADE HEDGE 

This hedge is in the city of Ann Arbor, Michigan, and is 
made of Lycium Barbarum, or Chinese Matrimony Vine. Intel- 
hgent pruning has kept it in compact form, and it makes a soHd 
screen without support of any kind, showing how plants respond 
to intelHgent direction. 

To grow a hedge of this variety, very frequent pruning during 
the growing season is necessary, on account of its habit of throw- 
ing out strong drooping shoots. This view presents another idea 
of what can be accomplished in hedge growing, and it is intended 
largely to call special attention to a plant that will thrive under 
the hardest conditions; in fact, it will grow where few other 
plants will. 



LYCIUM BARBARUM (CHINESE MATRIMONY VINE) 

The Chinese Matrimony Vine is used here as an overhang 
to drape a stone wall. It is a very hardy and vigorous climb- 
ing and trailing shrub. Valuable for exposed places and as 
a ground-cover for stony hillsides. Makes an effective screen 
for porches and an excellent mask for unsightly objects. Also 
makes a fine hedge when properly pruned, and thrives in the 
very poore»jt of soils. Its flowers are blue and small, resem- 
bling Forget-me-nots. It is literally covered with small red 
berries in the fall, making it very attractive. 

It may not have the best appearance as compared with 
the showy Clematis or Honeysuckle, but it is nevertheless a 
most valuable shrub to be used under severe conditions, and 
I am glad to be able to recommend a vine that accommodates 
itself to such a wide range of soil and climate. It will grow 
even in light sand and in shady places, which is the hardest 
combination for a gardener to overcome. It is at home in 
the warm climate of Texas and in the extreme cold of North- 
ern Minnesota. 




Plate 62. Lycium Barbariiiti (Cliinese Matrimony Vine) 




Plate 64. An Klevati'd Kgyptiaii Garden 



LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



A COLONIAL GARDEN 

This is an old-fashioned garden of a type that was common 
in the old Colonial days before Liberty Bell sent its peal of 
freedom around the world. Such gardens are still common 
among the gentlefolk of Virginia. It is, in short, a southern 
garden translated to northern lands. The beds are all curvilinear 
and filled to overflowing with a tropical luxuriance of flowers. 
The favorites are the Larkspur (the Delphinium of our English 
cousins), Shasta Daisy, Dwarf Phlox, Monardia, Gypsophila 
(commonly called Baby's Breath), Lilies, Michaelmas Daisy, 
Sweet William and Stokesia. The latter is the German National 
Flower. 

This garden displays some artistic arrangement, and yet the 
form is merely a secondary matter. The primary intention is to 
secure large quantities of flowers for cutting. Frequently the 
vegetable garden can be utilized as an annex to the flower garden 
and yield many flowers in some corner not occupied. 



AN ELEVATED EGYPTIAN GARDEN 

This is an elevated garden of Egyptian style. In this in- 
stance the mansion is on elevated ground and the court or main 
yard is on a much lower level, with a pronounced inclination 
toward the river bank four hundred feet away. It gives a savor 
of piquancy to the site to build an elevated garden at its base; 
and this garden with its architectural embellishments is really an 
outdoor room with tiled mosaic floors, and is a part of the house 
proper. The shrubs in white bloom are Spiraea Van Houttei 
which fit admirably in many locations. The compact shrubs 
beyond are Golden Syringa. The pergola is of Tuscan design and 
overlooks the garden. 

The huge urn on the right is designed to hold drooping vines. 
Bay trees or evergreens in tubs would be appropriate additions 
to the entrance-way. Connected with this kind of a garden there 
is always a large portion devoted to roses and, frequently, a 
professional rosarian is employed. The space is all utilized with 
the most intensive culture possible. 



67 



A GENTLEMAN'S ESTATE 



Here is a view on a gentleman's estate. It is observed at 
once that there is perfect privacy and that intrusion is almost 
impossible. The boundary planting is tall, and consists large- 
ly of Flowering Crab, Wild Cherries and Mulberries to attract 
the birds. In front of these are Bush Honeysuckles and High- 
bush Cranberries. The border consists of very low shrubs, 
which give an easy transition from the lawn to the taller 
growth at the rear. In the far background is a grove of 
Evergreens, which gives a lively touch of color to the scene. 
This park is a good example of the Greening Pictorial Sys- 
tem of Gardening. Observe the large open- lawn and the fine 
contrast of the heavy border planting in irregular lines; also 
the easy gradation from low shrubs and showy perennials at 
the edge to the tall tree growth at the rear. 




Plate 65. A Gentleman's Estate. 



SPIR^A VAN HOUTTEI FOR HOUSE BANKING 

The Spiraea Van Houttei looks natural and graceful in 
many locations. It is very effective as used here at the en- 
trance to a mansion on account of its willowy, drooping habit, 
and enforces the lesson that plants have character and expres- 
sion in their pose. A shrub with straight, stiff branches, like 
the Althea, would have the effect of a sentinel at "attention," 
and consequently repel by its sternness of aspect. On the 
contrary the Spiraea Van Houttei as used here has a cheery 
and inviting mien that is most charming. 

This Spiraea can be used for more distinct purposes than 
any other shrub in the whole catalogue of floriculture. It 
makes a very attractive hedge, as it yields to pruning almost 
as naturally as the more formal hedge plants — the Privets, for 
instance. Elsewhere in this book are shown banks of the 
Spiraea Van Houttei which have been kept short by pruning 
for formal effects, and the results have been most satisfactory 
in this way. The only objection to pruning during the sum- 
mer months is that it destroys some of the bloom. There is 
a compensating result, however, when formal effects are in 
keeping with the surroundings. Where a colored border 
banking is desired, the Purple Barberry and Golden Syringa 
are responsive to the same treatment and the combination is 
very beautiful. 




Plate 66. Spiraea Van Houttei for House Banking 




Plate 68. A Garden Cozy Corner 



F LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



A BACK-YARD BEAUTY SPOT 

The vine on the barn is a Chinese Matrimony Vine; the 
large-leaved tree in front of it is a Catalpa Bungei; the small 
round-headed evergreens are Thuya Globosa; the tree in the 
left background is an apple-tree; the perennial flowers are 
Phlox, Delphinium, Coreopsis, Pyrethrum and Boltonia. 
There is a fountain in the middle surmounted by a little 
Cupid, and the four statuettes around it are cousins of Cupid. 
A hedge of low grasses surrounds the fountain. Crimson 
Rambler Tree-Roses to left and right in bloom. 

The peculiar mood of the owner is indicated by the wide 
clapboards on the house as well as by his little family of 
statuettes. The garden itself looks a little crowded, but that 
was his mood also. The fountain with its gurgling water is a 
very pretty feature and the whole garden is full of animation. 
Notwithstanding all its oddities of composition this is a very 
pretty garden. 




A GARDEN COZY CORNER 

A Privet Hedge properly pruned, Hall's Honeysuckle well 
trained, a pergola covered with climbing vines and a flower 
garden are the interesting features of this beautiful picture. 
A good example of the Greening method of landscape gar- 
dening. 

The tone of this garden is in direct contrast to the one 
shown above. It is mellow, quiet and reposeful. The pergola 
is attached directly to the conservatory part of the house and 
serves as a covered walk leading to the flower garden. Its 
construction is in very simple style and not expensive. The 
hedge is a very pretty feature and shows great care in train- 
ing it. Its beautiful density from the ground up was pro- 
duced by close pruning at the time of planting and during 
the first three years of growth. The one jarring note is the 
use of rustic seats at such a place. A plain board painted 
green without any attempt at rusticity would have been better. 



THB GRBBN I N G LANDSCAPE 



A WATER SCENE 

Water scenery is always pleasing, whether seen in the angry 
mood of a torrent or in the shimmering sheen of a quiet pool. 
In this instance the surface is so glassy that all there is above it 
of sky and cloud is clearly mirrored. The reflection of the trees 
is remarkable for its perfect fidelity to nature. It was amid such 
scenes of quiet introspection that Wordsworth, Coleridge and 
Southey, who have become known to us as the " Lake Poets," 
wrought in rhyme their rhapsodies of song". The paragraph on 
gardening at the beginning of this book is by Wordsworth. 

The trees in the background are Oak and Maple; in front 
of them is a variety of Snowball known in some localities as 
Highbush Cranberry, and in others by its beautiful Indian name 
of Pembina. The plants on the water's edge are Iris, Hibiscus, 
and Lobelia Cardinalis. 




A NEGLECTED APPROACH 

This is a neglected entrance-way that otherwise would be 
very beautiful. There should be a border of sod eighteen 
inches wide next to the walk, and lower shrubs should have 
been used in the foreground. The tree on the right border is a 
sycamore that will in time kill off all the shrubs near it. The 
white-flowering shrub at its base is a Bridal Wreath Spiraea, 
and it should be with its companion further back. Altogether 
it shows very poor taste in arrangement, and this picture is 
introduced as an object lesson on " How not to do it." 

This subject is an example of what frequently happens when 
people without garden experience do their own planning and 
planting, without a thorough study of the situation; and it is 
the design of this book to help owners avoid mistakes and over- 
come obstacles. In gardening, as in other lines of art, the 
creative faculty must be cultivated by meditation on the work in 
hand, and on large landscape propositions it pays to engage a 
professional "meditator" on the subject of landscape construc- 
tion. A properly constructed garden lasts a lifetime, and it is 
false economy to plant a disheveled mass of shrubs on a crazy- 
quilt sort of a plan, when a similar or smaller investment at 
one time will secure an artistic garden picture. 



69 




Plate 70. A Neglected Approach 



70 



THB GRBBNING PICTORIAL SYSTEM 




Plate 72. A Rustic Arbor 



F LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



A GOOD GRAPE-ARBOR 

This is a mixture of good and bad gardening. The arbor 
is in good taste and its covering of wild grapes is a nice feature. 
The tree on the left is a Hard Maple and the one on the right 
near the arbor is a Silver Maple. The grove in the back- 
ground consists of Beech and Maple. 

The objectionable part is the way the walks are bordered 
with brick, which is a very far-fetched and unnatural finish for 
a garden of this sort. It is all right to border the walks of a 
Dutch garden in some such way as this, for in that case the 
sharp demarcation between the walks and flower-beds can be 
outlined only with a curb of some kind; but in a natural garden 
it is different, as the lawn sufficiently defines the walks. 



A RUSTIC ARBOR 

An arbor made of natural wood over a flower-bordered walk. 
The vines on the arbor are Matrimony Vine, Trumpet Vine and 
the Dorothy Perkins Climbing Rose. The border consists of 
Creeping Phlox, Achillea, Hardy Candytuft and Sweet William. 

This rustic arbor appeals to most people, as the tone is 
natural; and I know a man who has what may be called the 
" artistic grouch," who goes into raptures over such a scene. 
When he talks about it a sort of ecstatic glow overspreads his 
features and, on one occasion, he made me feel his shoulder- 
blades to convince me that he was sprouting wings. 

Such an arbor is at its best when covered with wild grape- 
vines, their delicious odor of bloom and fruit adding a great 
deal to the enjoyment of the scene. Structures of this class are 
very appropriate on country estates or near the summer home of 
a city man. They fit in almost anywhere — in a cozy retreat, 
over the well-head or, if you will, over the garden gate where 
poetry is spoken without words. 



THB GRBHNING LAN DSC APH COMPANY, MONROB, MICHIGAN 



71 



GROWS WHERE GRASS WILL NOT 

For covering mounds or rockeries the ^gopodium Poda- 
graria Variegatum, otherwise known as Variegated Goutweed, is 
very suitable, especially in dry places, as it will grow where grass 
will not. It makes a dense carpet of mingled green and white 
foliage, and flowers in white umbels in June. Also good for 
edging. 

Other good perennial plants suitable for a ground-cover are, 
Anemone, Phlox subulata, Veronica, Rupestris, Sedum Sexangu- 
lare and Cerastium tomentosum. A number of vines are also 
suitable, especially Hedera, known as the English Ivy, but this 
will require some protection in the North. In shady places the 
Japan Honeysuckle makes a good mat. In sunny places, the wild 
roses, like Rosa Lucida and Rosa Carolina, make very pretty 
effects. Under trees, where the shade is too dense to grow grass, 
the Lily-of-the-Valley or the Myrtle may be used. 




Plate 73. Gi'ows where Grass will not. 



THUYA OCCIDENTALIS HEDGE 
(American Arbor Vitas) 

This is another method of forming hedges, with the top 
billowed or undulated. To obtain results shown in the illustra- 
tion, the best plant to use is Thuya Occidentalis in two parallel 
rows, two feet apart and 18 inches apart in the rows. If Privet 
is used, three parallel rows are required, one foot apart each way. 

The American Arbor Vitas grows faster than any other Ever- 
green hedge for the first three or four years, after which its 
growth diminishes from year to year. It is very desirable on this 
account, as immediate effects are obtained and in after-years the 
hedge can be controlled more easily than any other evergreen 
hedge. It can be pruned very close to each previous year's 
pruning without showing any stubby effect, something which is 
not the case with a Spruce hedge. It has a tendency to fill up 
nicely, and if planted two feet high it is very pretty right from 
the start, and it eventually makes our best hedge either for orna- 
ment or a windbreak. 




Plate 74. Thuya Occidentalis Hedge (American Arbor Vitje) 




I'late 7G. IJack-Vaid <>ar<lei>ing^ 



OP LAKDSCAPH 



GARDUNINC 



SHUTTING OFF UNSIGHTLY VACANT LOTS 

This yard is next to an alley in which there are telephone 
and other poles which make it very unsightly. To shut off the 
view, trees and half standard shrubs were used and the effect 
is magical. The trees are Catalpa Speciosa, Wier's Cut-Leaved 
Maple, Salisburia, Russian Mulberry and Prunus Pissardi planted 
ten feet apart, and the space between is filled with Tartarian 
Honeysuckle and Viburnum. The front planting consists of 
Deutzia Gracilis and Berberis Thunbergii. 

In the Greening Pictorial System of Landscape Gardening 
as much attention is paid to shutting out objectionable views as 
to creating new views in the yard proper; and it is just as impor- 
tant to appropriate distant views, such as a glimpse of water in 
the offscape or a patch of sky, so that the owner has but to 
stretch forth his hand and caress the clouds. 



BACK-YARD GARDENING 

This is a good example of an informal back-yard garden. 
Observe the open lawn and the undulating contour of the shrub- 
bery border to produce a natural effect. The shrubs used are 
Lilacs, Spiraeas, Syringas, Snowberries, Weigelias, Dogwoods, 
Witch-hazel, and Tartarian Honeysuckle. The trees are Paul's 
Double Flowering Thorn, Mountain Ash, Maple and Elm. 

This border planting shuts out a very unpleasant view near 
the barnyard, which is in fact the hog-lot; but no one would sus- 
pect their presence by either smell or sound, so dense is the 
planting and so numerous the flowers. There is no reason why 
farmers should not have attractive surroundings when a little 
forethought and a small outlay will give them a private park 
such as city people pay large sums of money to obtain. It is just 
as easy and much more convenient and artistic to have the hog- 
lot near the corn-crib instead of near the house, and, as for Mr. 
Hog, not even the Chicago packers can find music either in his 
grunt or squeal. 



THB GREENING LAN DSC 



BACKGROUND OF TREES 

On large properties it is sometimes advisable to make a back- 
ground of trees and an undergrowth of shrubs, especially when 
it is necessary to shut off some objectionable view. In this land- 
scape Wier's Cut-Leaved Maple, Catalpa Speciosa, Salisburia and 
Tulip-trees were used for this purpose, and the undergrowth con- 
sists of Berberis, Viburnum, Dogwood, Prickly Ash, Indian Cur- 
rant and Snowberry. The tree in the center field is a Wier's 
Cut-Leaved Maple. The shrubs near the house are Spiraea Van 
Houttei. 

The chief attraction of this backyard landscape is the open 
lawn treatment, which is greatly admired by people who have 
taste for pictorial compositions. The massive border planting 
gives an impressive effect, whilst the broken sky-line and undu- 
lated borders, giving partial concealment of some portions of the 
yard, make the scene very suggestive. This garden is a splendid 
illustration of the Greening Pictorial System. 



A CHARMING PARK VIEW ILLUSTRATING THE 
GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM 

The disappearing walk has a peculiar charm in the fact that 
it is suggestive of other garden beauties beyond. As we follow 
it the mind is kept in a state of expectancy and pleased with 
the succession of surprises. The portion before us shows a 
colony of Thuya Occidentalis, Thuya Hoveyii and Picea Ex- 
celsa, all evergreens of distinctive charm. The large trees are 
Maple. The group of shrubs at the bend of the walk is a 
happy family of Berberis Thunbergii, Philadelphus Aurea, 
Spir^a Reevesii and Kerria. The trees beyond it are Pines 
and Cedars, which deepen the perspective and add variety to 
the sky-line. 

This picture shows some very artistic effects in pruning to 
shapely forms a number of specimens in the foreground. The 
subjects that are globular naturally grow that way but shearing 
has intensified the effects, which, in this case, are very pleasing 
as they limn them sharply and make them stand in relief from 
the tall-growing background. The whole planting is designed to 
conceal a very unsightly view, but advantage is taken of the fact 
to create a picture at that spot, and it is made doubly beautiful 
by the curve in the walk. 



PE COMPANY, MONROE. MICHIGAN 




Plate 78. A Charming Park View Illustrating The Greening Pictorial System 




I'liHc HO. A <;iliii|iNe ot tilt' .Soiitlilaiiil — I'ark St-ene in Nc« Orl<-aiiN 



P LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



SCENE IN A CEMETERY AT NEW ORLEANS 

The main feature of this picture is the Live Oak in the 
right foreground. It is a beautiful, sturdy subject, without which 
a southern landscape is not complete. This tree is not recom- 
mended for the North, the picture being introduced merely to 
show the wide range of the Oak family and the particular repre- 
sentative of it which is generally cultivated in the South; and 
also because this type of tree is particularly interesting to me. 
On account of the peculiar nature of my business I usually take 
my vacation in the winter, hunting and fishing in Louisiana and 
Texas and visiting parks and cemeteries of the Southland for 
mental and spiritual profit; and at each recurring visit I find a 
new charm in the picturesque pose of the Live Oak. 

And this leads me to remark that I have made a thorough 
study of landscape construction in the South, and of the material 
used; so that clients in that section will receive the full benefit 
of my practical garden experience the same as my Northern 
friends. 




A GLIMPSE OF THE SOUTHLAND 
PARK SCENE IN NEW ORLEANS 

This is a park scene with a very wide driveway to accom- 
modate the great amount of travel there is on special occa- 
sions. This is what makes park building appear somewhat 
bizarre and grotesque to the amateur gardener, and where his 
natural sense of proportion will lead him astray; for it re- 
quires a peculiar, cultivated sense to build a park. Where 
the normal travel requires a ten-foot driveway, there are spe- 
cial occasions that require thirty to fifty feet. 

The picture shows a horse drinking-fountain in the 
middle of the driveway, and a row of settees on the river- 
bank in the background. The large trees are Elms and 
Maples. A Century Plant in bloom, a group of Hydrangeas, 
a bed of Baby Rambler Roses and 3 Kosteriana Blue Spruce 
finish the shrubbery detail. 

The roadway is made of macadam and kept in good con- 
dition by constant attention. Cavities are filled as soon as 
made and it is kept free of debris. Such a road will last a 
lifetime. 



THB GREENING LANDSC 



A COLONIAL GARDEN 

This style of garden was common in colonial days when 
cur artistic and literary ideals were English. In those days of 
our callow national youth, Young and Pollock and Tupper 
were regarded as great poets, and the mechanical versification 
of Pope sounded like real poetry. We had not yet evolved 
Walt Whitman and the naturo-idealistic school of writers of 
which he is the typical representative; nor even to this day 
have we evolved ourselves to the point of appreciating 
Whitman. 

In this garden the beds are hedged with Boxwood and 
each contains a family of plants. In one of them is a tea- 
house curtained with vines and screened with a high hedge. 
The grounds at Mt. Vernon were laid out in this fashion, 
Washington was a very rich man for his time, and being a 
landed aristocrat as well as aristocratic in temperament and 
training he naturally developed an estate patterned after the 
English models, as were all the best gardens in Virginia and 
the Carolinas at that period. Some of them are still in a good 
state of preseravtion. 



A DISAPPEARING WALK IN A VALLEY 

The charm of a disappearing walk lies in its suggestive- 
ness. It gives a garden a sort of reserved power, and we feel 
that the view before us is only a foretaste of many hidden 
beauties beyond. The shrubbery detail at the curve serves as 
a masking bed to hide but only half conceal certain garden 
features that are in reserve. After all, gardens are a great 
deal like people in the way they impress us. It is the re- 
served power and latent potentialities in men that we admire. 
The moment we learn a man's limitations our interest in that 
man's personality is lost. And so a garden with no sugges- 
tion or hint of reserved power is absolutely without interest. 

The beautiful setting in this picture is made chiefly of 
perennials — Phlox, Paeonies, Iris, Shasta Daisies, Pyrethrum, 
and Boltonia. The shrubs are Spiraeas, Berberis, Viburnum, 
Rosa Rugosa, and Baby Rambler Roses. The Rosa Rugosa 
is a Japanese variety of roses with large, clean, crinkled leaves, 
and the blossoms are followed by huge hips of glossy red. 




Plate 82. A Dlsai>itenriug' Walk iu a Valley 




Plate 84. Front Viird All Pluu<e<l 



F LAN DSC APB GARDENING 



SCENE IN A ROLLING COUNTRY 

This scene is in a rolling country, the heavy planting on 
the right being a hillside dropping to a valley in the middle 
ground, whilst back of the hill is a creek. The slope from the 
crest of the hill to the water's edge is very precipitous, and to 
facilitate travel a very simple flight of stone steps is used, a broad 
landing being placed about halfway up, where a wide suture 
gives room for a summer-house. 

The valley itself winds in a disappearing curve that gives 
a very charming vista. The borders are planted very heavily 
with shrubs and a few hardy perennials, prominent in the fore- 
ground being Hemerocallis flava. On the left is a bank of 
Spiraea Van Houttei and a Wier's Cut-Leaved Maple. The trees 
in the background are Oaks. This is one of the prettiest pic- 
tures in this book. The scene possesses rare picturesque beauty 
and the treatment has enhanced the effect. Note the open lawn 
treatment. 



FRONT YARD ALL PLANTED 

An Irish gardener, in describing a yard to me, explained that 
the front lawn was all in the back. The above picture illustrates 
such a place. It is a large house on a small city property and 
the front lawn is so ridiculously small that it is an evident dis- 
proportion. There must be some planting anyway to screen the 
porte-cochere, why not plant the whole of that small space and 
make the house look like a little woodsy retreat? It was done 
accordingly, and the treatment found very effective. The shrubs 
used are Viburnum, Barberry, Dogwood. Spiraea and Weigelia. 
The trees are Locust and Ailantus, the latter variously called 
Chinese Sumac, Celestial Tree and Tree of Heaven. It is very 
fast growing and thrives under the hardest conditions — even in 
factory districts, where the soot and smoke and gas kill off all 
other trees, the Ailantus does well. The pistillate trees exhale 
a rather disagreeable odor and, when planted near the house, it 
is better to use the male trees. 



THB GREENING LAN DSC 



A BEAUTIFUL PARK SCENE 

This park scene consists of an artificial lake in which the 
neighboring woods are softly mirrored; a beautiful system of 
walks and drives, just ample for the needs of travel; and a 
forest of evergreens and other trees that gives a sylvan touch 
to the whole scene. All the lines meet in a kind of voluptuous 
content, and over all lies the easy abandon of a happy dream. 
The evergreens are Pines and Cedars. The deciduous trees 
are Ash and Maple. The shrubs are Dogwood, Witch-Hazel, 
Sambucus, Sumac, Prickly Ash and Carolina Roses. 

Note the pleasing curve of the driveway and the deep, 
beautiful vista that it opens up. 

This is the same park scene which is pictured in colors 
in my dedication on page 5. I have used this landscape view 
in some of my advertisements and probably more copies of it 
have been distributed than of any other one similar picture, 
over 1,000,000 copies having been circulated at my expense. 
The place of observation is at an elevated spot from which the 
ground slopes with a very pronounced declivity, the lake being 
at the natural water-table. 



EVERGREENS FOR BORDER PLANTING 

A colony of evergreens to separate the front court from 
the rear. It cannot be too strongly impressed on the mind 
that a garden means privacy. It is, in fact, an outdoor parlor, 
to which the family should have access with the freedom of 
home life. A yard open to public view, in which the owners 
are always under the stress of dress parade, under the gaze 
of every passer-by, is simply not a garden at all. The first 
requisite of a garden is privacy. This is a grove of Norway 
Spruce, Pines and Firs. 

In such a garden a man can lounge or roam freely, sans 
peur et sans reproche; also sans coat and sans chapeau. And 
the ladies! God bless 'em! It is none of my business what 
they don't wear. But this I know: they can leave their sheath 
gowns at home and enjoy the freedom of the outdoor air in 
their sheath Mother Hubbards. 




Plate 86. JEvers'reeus lor Border Pliiiitiiig 




F LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



A NEW IDEA FOR AUTOMOBILE ENTRANCE 

The general use of the automobile and the great weight of 
this kind of vehicle require a very substantial entrance-way, and 
cement has come into general use for this purpose. At the same 
time it takes no inconsiderable portion of a lawn to build an 
eight-foot driveway across it, and the expense is very great. The 
picture illustrates two cement rails eighteen inches wide, which 
is ample for traction, and which reduces the expense considerably. 
It also reduces to a minimum the encroachment on the lawn. 
By laying the tracks level with the sod, and especially when the 
cement is colored green, it does not mar a lawn very much; nor 
does it interfere with tennis or other games. 

On account of the narrowness of the tread it is generally 
necessary to make such entrances straight, thereby lessening the 
danger of running off the track, but in the case of a very deep 
yard a gentle serpentine sweep can be introduced. Note the 
hedge and shrubbery detail in the background and on the borders; 
also the vine on the blank wall of the barn in the distance. 



A NATURAL THEATER 

Such scenes as this are common in England, Of course, from 
their very nature and their immense size they are found only on 
large estates, but there are many of them just the same. The 
pergola on the left leads from the conservatory. In a case of 
this kind there is usually a similar area in the front, the two 
making a well-balanced planting covering many acres. Often 
the carriage entrance is a winding drive through a grove or woods, 
as in this case, where the forest on the right was built for that 
very purpose, the peculiar balsamic odor of the trees being agree- 
able to most people. 

This idea is being introduced in our eastern states by men 
of great wealth who employ gardeners and foresters trained in 
practical planting. The Greening Landscape Company makes a 
specialty of forest development, the study of the writer for a 
great many years having been along those lines. Success in forest 
planting depends on an intimate knowledge of the habits of trees 
and their behavior on different soils, as well as in the artistic 
temperament to create a picture, all of which my staff of gar- 
deners possess in full and rounded measure. 



THB GRBBNING L A N D S 



STREET-CURB GARDENING 

This is an entirely new idea. The above view adjoins the 
writer's own garden in the city of Monroe, and since it was 
planted I have noticed many people pass daily who formerly 
used other streets on their way to and from the shopping district. 
To them it is like going through a little park. The improve- 
ment was made in a very inexpensive way by planting Spiraea 
Van Houttei six feet apart and trimming them in globular form. 
Evergreens would accomplish the same purpose, but on account 
of the running at large of certain domestic animals, their use 
on the street cannot be recommended. Nor are they entirely 
safe in a yard that is open to the street, many beautiful specimens 
having been destroyed by what a doctor would call aqua caninus, 
the same being translated in our vernacular as "dogonit" or words 
to that effect. 

In this case, as I said before. Spiraea Van Houttei were used, 
but the planting was along the rear half of the yard only, and, 
like most benefits, it is a double benefit; for whilst pedestrians 
enjoy the park-like scenery, the size of my yard has been greatly 
increased both in appearance and effect. 




EVERGREENS AT THE REAR ENTRANCE OF A 
MANSION 

There is a large lawn back of the house, at the extreme 
end of which there is a pavilion-like arbor, and from this arbor 
as well as from most points of the lawn the house looked very 
formal and set. The expedient was used of planting evergreens 
near the foundation and the effect is very charming. The small 
globular kinds, like Thuya Hoveyii and Globosa, are near the 
edge, and taller ones, like the Spruces, Pines and Firs, are near 
the house. 

Several Kosteriana Blue Spruce were planted in the back- 
ground. Their peculiar steel-blue metallic sheen, contrasting with 
the various tints of green and yellow, makes a most charming 
picture. Yellow exercises a peculiar illusion on the sense of sight, 
its effect being to foreshorten distance; whilst the dark shades of 
other evergreens make them appear further than they really are. 
It is, in fact, a stereoscopic effect produced purely by chromatic 
laws, and I have often been amused at the wonderment of some 
people who perceived the effect without being able to discern the 
cause. 

Lonicera Halliana, or Hall's Japan Honeysuckle, were planted 
near the porches and grown over them. The foliage of this vine 
remains green so long — until the holidays — that it makes a fine 
combination with the evergreens. Back of this scene and through 
it is a system of narrow walks leading to the various buildings 
and to the flower garden on the south side of the residence. The 
front lawn was planted informally, the center being kept open 
with the exception of a few trees to soften the high lights, and the 
borders were planted heavily with trees and shrubs to separate 
the yard proper from the farm of which it forms a part. 



79 




Plate 89. Stree«-l iirh (iaiiU-iiiii^i 




Plate 90. Kvergreeus at the Ueax* Gutrauce of a Alausiou 



I — 

80 




A POPLAR SCREEN 

The screen shown in this picture is made of poplar. It is 
ten feet high and is a perfect screen for the horse-paddock back 
of the barn. The little trees are planted two feet apart and by 
frequent heading back are made to grow dense. Another tree 
frequently used for this purpose is the Russian Mulberry, which 
has nice, clean, glossy leaves and its fruit is a great attraction 
to birds. Young trees closely pruned should be used to start a 
tree hedge. 

This kind of a screen is very common in Europe, especially 
in Germany. The large beer gardens on the outskirts of Berlin 
are surrounded with such screens or tree hedges, illustrating 
what can be done with shade trees if properly started at the time 
of planting. Almost any kind of tree can be used for this pur- 
pose if it is cut back and grown in bush form. All kinds of trees 
can be dwarfed by severe pruning, especially summer pruning, 
and their nature, in time, becomes permanently changed. The 
Japanese have performed wonders in this respect by dwarfing the 
Maple to a very diminutive size, just as their Chinese cousins 
have dwarfed the feet of their women. 



Plate 91. A Poplar Screen 



THE HARDY GARDEN 



The border of hardy perennial flowers is the most showy 
portion of a garden, and when established it takes care of itself, 
coming year after year with the profusion of bloom that we see 
in the picture. A strip of grass two feet wide separates the 
driveway from the fliower-beds and sharply defines the borders 
of both. Near the grass are low plants, back of them some of 
medium growth and in the rear are the tallest of all. See list 
of perennials arranged according to height in another part of this 
book. Note beautiful background of trees. 

Not all perennials are perfectly hardy in our climate; a num- 
ber are half hardy and must be treated as annuals in the North. 
Some of them must be started in hotbeds early in the spring and 
afterwards transferred to cold frames to tide over the dangerous 
period, after which they are transplanted in the open. Others, 
like the Verbena, are self-seeding. I give a list of the best varie- 
ties of these half-hardy kinds on page 46. 



THB GRBENING LANDSCAPE 



EXPOSITION GROUNDS 

This is a view of grounds in Forest Park, St. Louis, during 
the Louisiana Exposition. It is not generally known that nursery 
and floral exhibitors are invited to participate in the work of 
decorative planting and install their exhibits, long before the 
manufacturers of shelf goods are assigned their space. Often 
this work is in progress for two or three years before the gates 
are formally opened to the public. 

The laying out of grounds for a county fair is not a very 
serious problem; but the laying out of grounds for a World's 
Fair becomes a gigantic proposition, for the reason that it is 
international in its scope and all sorts of temperamental moods 
must be humored. Next to the buildings there is no one feature 
that attracts as much attention and comment as the decorative 
planting, and fair commissioners have need of the best talent in 
landscape construction work. The writer has frequently been 
called in consultation on the arrangement of large exposition 
grounds, and knows from experience the kaleidoscopic diversity 
of artistic tastes; and he also knows that art is such an intangible, 
fugitive thing that in it lies a subtle spirit of vagabondage, differ- 
ently idealized by the various races of men. At the same time 
the great size of fair grounds makes it possible to introduce much 
variety in composition, depending on the inventive fertility of the 
designer. 



WELL-PLANNED FLOWER GARDEN 

Example of a well-planned flower garden showing Pasonies 
in the foreground and beds of Phlox, Delphinium, Pyrethrum, 
Shasta Daisy, Boltonia, Columbine, Poppy, Gaillardia and many 
others. Note the sun-dial in the middle of the garden. The trees 
in the background are Maples. 

Such a garden should not be attempted unless there is a 
good supply of water to tide over the midsummer drought, for, 
of course, with such thick planting cultivation is impossible. 
It is also important to enrich the soil with a good dressing of 
well-rotted stable manure every spring, hoeing it in carefully 
with a garden rake before the plants start growing. This may 
sound like an Irishman's advice, but the fact remains that a rake 
can be used as a hoe and will not cut the roots. It is surprising 
how much the mechanical condition of the soil can be improved 
by the use of stable manure. The decaying fiber known as humus 
make it porous and retentive of water. 



NY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



81 




Plate 93. I^^xiiosition GroiiiKls 




Plate 94. Well-Planiit'«l Flo»ver Ciai'iU-u 



82 



THB GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 




SIDE APPROACH TO A MANSION 

This is a peculiar way of treating an approach. Instead of 
winding through the lawn, as is the common practice, it is sepa- 
rated from it and made into a distinct garden unit. On one side 
is a hedge of Thuya Occidentalis, trained eight feet high, to give 
privacy to the real garden which is beyond it. On the other side 
>there is a perennial border that is very attractive, the plants used 
being Yucca Filamentosa, Iris, Plume Poppy, Hardy Pampas 
Grass, Boltonia, Phlox, Delphinium and many others. A row of 
small Japanese Maples is at the rear. 

The position cf the hedge is not in conformity with the best 
artistic taste. It nearly shuts out the view of the house. Of 
course, in a country that is subject to cold, raw winds, such a 
hedge af?ords a great deal of protection, and I surmise the 
hedge is there for that purpose more than anything else; still, it 
should have been kept farther from the walk and more lawn 
retained. It simply goes to show how an otherwise able man 
will make mistakes in his gardening if he fails to consult some- 
one who has cultivated a sense of proportion in such work and 
who understands the proper relation of garden details. 




A WELL-BALANCED PLANTING 

A back yard with just trees enough for shade, lawn enough 
to play games, and shrubs enough to frame up the yard with a 
good massive border of foliage. The trees are Maples, Tulip- 
Trees and Lindens. The shrubs are Spiraea in variety, Berberis 
in variety, Syringa, Philadelphus, Weigelia, Rosa Rugosa and 
Deutzia. 

The one great fault is that it is open to the street. It is 
a beautiful spot for the public to look at, but it is not of much 
use to the owner himself. Unless one has a large estate, in 
which case there is plenty of room for a hearth-like yard open 
to the street, it is better to enclose it completely and have the 
full freedom of its use. The common objection to this in Ameri- 
ca is that it is an unusual treatment and out of the ordinary. I 
have heard that a thousand times until my brain is bored with 
the repetition. 

What if it is different? Is it such a great fault to have indi- 
viduality and be different from the rest? Is not all progress made 
by people who are different? To follow a fashion that is false 
is the precious privilege of the punk party, but to accept a new 
truth with gladness and to perceive the beauty of an artistic 
concept is the test that tries the fiber of the soul. Europeans are 
far in advance of us in this respect. Most yards are completely 
enclosed with hedgerows and, in many cases, with brick or stone 
walls. The garden is regarded as an outdoor living-room per- 
vaded with the same sanctity of privacy as the house itself. 



Pliite !)«. A Well-Bulanccil rhiiiliiiK 




83 




PRIVET GROUPS AND HEDGES 

Another use of the Privet, showing one of the numerous 
possibilities of the plant. This style of pruning is called topiary 
gardening, and is pleasing enough in the country, where every- 
thing is natural and we like some formal effects for a change. 
But in cities the rule is reversed: we are so harassed by the 
conventionalities of form that all urban gardening, to be pleas- 
ing, should be in imitation of nature. This is a view of a country 
place. 

In this instance, while the effect is attractive in its way, 
there are too many of one kind of shrub used. Monotony op- 
presses the sense. A variety of foliage, both in color and form, 
would be more artistic. There should also be variety in height 
and a few evergreens and deciduous trees would add to the beauty 
of the scene. Variety is the spice of art as well as of that elusive 
thing that we call life. 




Plate !)7. Privet Groiipx and Hetlges 




STATELY SILVER MAPLE ON GREENING AVENUE 

The Silver Maple has much to recommend it. It is one of 
the fastest-growing trees we have, in this respect being sur- 
passed only by the Eucalyptus Tree of California and the some- 
what coarse Carolina Poplar which is indigenous to America. 
The foliage is a clean, beautiful green and the under side of the 
leaves has a silvery sheen, so that in a light breeze the tree 
has a peculiar atmospheric effect. One of the best avenue trees. 
See picture showing proper pruning of Silver Maple in this book. 

This Maple must not be confounded with the common soft 
Maple. The original stock was imported from Scotland some 
years ago by the father of the writer, and the strain has been 
kept absolutely pure by propagating from it. As will be seen 
from the picture, the pose of this tree is as graceful as that of 
the Elm. It has the rare advantage of being practically immune 
from all insect enemies. As a park tree it is very satisfactory 
on account of its rapid growth and the beauty of its foliage, 
which it silvery on the under side. 




Plate 98. Stately Silver lUaple on Greening Avenue 



84 



THB GREENING 



I 




Plate 99. A flower-Bordered Walk 




Plate 100. Alpine Plants in lloekery 



F LAN DSC APE GARDENING 



A FLOWER-BORDERED WALK " 

This walk is the side-approach to a mansion which is just 
beyond the large trees a short distance from the turn. There is 
a strip of grass fourteen inches wide on each side of the walk. 
This is a good width for the mower to manage in one swath. 
Next is an edging of hardy pinks, and back of them is a row of 
Aletris, commonly called Star-grass. Back of this is a taller- 
growing grass, Eulalia Gracillima. The effect of planting in 
continuous lines is to deepen the apparent length of the walk. 

A pleasing variety would result from the use of some shrubs 
for bush effects. The Hydrangea, closely pruned in the early 
spring, and the Baby Rambler in red, white and pink colors, all 
varieties making a moderate growth, would be a good addition to 
the front border. For the back border the Ornamental Grasses, 
Bocconia Cordata, Helianthus, Pyrethrum and Cassia, would add 
much to the beauty of the view. 



ALPINE PLANTS IN ROCKERY 

This is a garden of the wildly picturesque type. A flight of 
stone stairs affords a descent to a little glen through a mass of 
rocks on the shoulder of the terrace. Amid the rocks is a 
growth of Alpine plants with Arabis in the foreground; near 
the stairway are Gypsophila and Dicentra. There is a wonderful 
charm in this style of garden, especially for people of romantic 
natures. The view reads like a canto from Sir Walter Scott. 

" Thus up the margin of the lake, 
Between the precipice and brake. 
O'er stock and rock their race they take." 

In planning a landscape of this kind the artist must take his 
motif from the rolling character of the land. To thoughtfully 
work out the possibiHties of the material in hand and treat them 
in a natural manner, is the true art of garden composition. The 
main features of some ideal landscape type must be present in 
the scene and enlarged and vivified into dramatic action without 
violating the unities. For instance, in the present scene, no 
sensible gardener would think of reproducing the pastoral charm 
of a Dutch landscape. The potential charms are present in the 
rugged scenery as nature made it: it is the work of the gardener 
to evolve them into a picture that shall mean something to the 
onlooker. 



THB GRBBNING L A N D S C AP B C 0 M P A N Y, MONROB. MICHIGAN 



85 



OLD-FASHIONED GARDEN 

This is a section of a formal garden, showing the system of 
walks and some of the beds. The flags in the right foreground 
are German Iris. The large-leaved plants near the pergola 
are Day Lilies. The white bloom in the far background is a 
bed of Phlox. The circle is filled with Shasta Daisy. The 
vines on the pergola are Japanese Actinidia and Ampelopsis 
Quinquefolia. The large tree in the right background is a 
Linden; those in the distant yard are Maples. The pergola is of 
Tuscan architecture and semicircular in form. 

The stone wall separates the garden from the residence 
portion of the grounds. Americans who travel abroad are im- 
pressed with the number of gardens that are enclosed with walls 
and many of these travelers, on their return home, build similar 
structures around their gardens. However, in America, the tend- 
ency is to build walls too high, apparently under the impression 
that if a six-foot wall is good, a twelve-foot wall is twice as good. 
A high wall interferes with a free circulation of air and com- 
pletely shuts out the view, which is not desirable. Moreover, a 
high wall has the appearance of a fort, and if this thing continues 
we shall soon be a military nation! 

It is safe to say that our architects will soon take hold of 
this problem in a serious way and temper the grotesque notions 
of some of our globe-trotters who, in true American spirit, are 
determined to surpass the world, even in the height of their 
garden walls. Meanwhile, I hope the tide of travel will not 
turn towards China! 





UTILITY AND BEAUTY — FRUITS AND FLOWERS 

This walk leads to the formal garden, and the view is from 
the garden end looking up the hill where the house stands behind 
the trees. A peculiar charm of the walk is the grape trellis on 
the left. The color-markings on the foliage are very beautiful 
and the odor of the graoe-blossom is exquisite, to say nothing of 
that which comes from the " clustered spheres of wit and mirth " 
that hang from the vines in the fall. On the right border are 
Creeping Phlox, Dwarf Phlox, and Tall Phlox. 

One of the hobbies of the American people is to have plenty 
of fruit to eat, and some of them have combined fruit and flower 
gardens as shown in this picture, which presents the idea of 
growing a row of grapes on the border of a walk leading to the 
fruit garden. In this garden there are apples, pears, plums, 
peaches, and the small fruits like currants, gooseberries, rasp- 
berries, blackberries and strawberries, supplying an abundance for 
the owner's table. The fruit garden can be bordered with flowers, 
or the flower garden bordered with fruit. A hedgerow of dwarf 
pear trees planted three feet apart and interlaced, espalier fashion, 
makes a very interesting garden. 

Mr. Leonard Wilton, a Detroit lumber merchant, whose 
summer residence is on Grosse Isle, is a most enthusiastic advo- 
cate of this style of gardening. It was my privilege to be com- 
missioned to make and execute his garden plans, in which there 
is a very complete combination of the fruit and flower idea. 
Besides the residence grounds there is a piece of ground directly 
across the road on which are a small greenhouse and a chicken 
house, and connected with them is a fruit garden comprising all 
the various kinds of fruits. 




Plate 102. Ulility ami Beauty — Fruits and Flowers 




All Ai-liNlii- CoiiiiiMNif ion 



OP LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



ASH-TREES FOR THE STREET " 

The Ash-Tree possesses a gracefulness of form and a sym- 
metry of outline that make it very appropriate for street plant- 
ing. The trunk is straight and clean, and of a neutral gray color 
that is not obtrusive. The branches are broad-spreading and the 
foliage just thick enough to give a protecting shade but not thick 
enough to prevent the growth of grass. The picture also shows 
clumps of Eulalia Univittata Gracillima Grasses and many groups 
of dwarf-growing shrubs between the trees along the avenue. 

One of the prettiest avenues that I ever saw is lined with a 
row of White Ash trees on each side. It is in the city of Mil- 
waukee, Wisconsin. The tree is also very appropriate for lawn 
planting, and I strongly recommend its use for that purpose. 




AN ARTISTIC COMPOSITION 

A good example of the Greening Pictorial System of Land- 
scape composition. By selecting the proper varieties of shrubs 
for the soil and location, the most luxuriant growth was obtained. 
The house is fairly smothered with vines, and the shrubs are a 
compact mass of large, healthy, glossy foliage; and such thrift 
as this is what pleases us in a garden. We are charmed by the 
unconscious display of strength in whatever form exhibited, 
whether in the muscular feats of the athlete, the rhythmic 
cadence of the orator's florid rhetoric, or the garden's exuberance 
of growth as seen in this picture. The border next to the walk 
consists of Funkia Variegata, a low-growing silver-leaved plant, 
and then Hybrid Perpetual Roses. The vines on the house are 
Ampelopsis Veitchii, Ampelopsis Quinquefolia and Climbing 
Roses. The shrubs in the background are Lilacs, and in front 
of them are Spiraea, Hydrangeas, Japan Maples, Weigelia and 
Rosa Rugosa. 

The other side of the house is treated in the same intensive 
fashion. As may be judged from the location of the house the 
yard is not large; for if it were, the house would be farther back. 
A small lawn is kept in the center; the borders are planted with 
trees and shrubs; in a far corner there is a rose and cut-flower 
garden, which is connected with the conservatory by a pergola; 
and in the other far corner is located the automobile garage — the 
whole making a very homelike scene on a small property. 



87 



WATER LILIES, NYMPH^A ODORATA GIGANTEA 

The leaves of this variety are very large, from 12 to 18 inches 
across. Sometimes they are tinged with purple on the under 
side near the margin, and as this is often turned up it gives a 
fine variegation. The flowers are large and pure white. 

The Monroe marshes contain acres and acres of this popular 
water-plant, which is second in beauty only to the Egyptian Lotus, 
the latter being also colonized in the same marshes. Many scien- 
tific and literary societies meet here during the month of August 
to enjoy nature's most beautiful water garden. The River Raisin 
empties into Lake Erie at this point and, dividing into many 
mouths, forms an estuary containing many square miles of 
aquatic vegetation as serenely beautiful as a Dutch landscape. 




DEUTZIA LEMOINEII AND WEIGELIAS 

This is another dwarf shrub that is very desirable as: a 
"trimmer" at the base of tall shrubs or trees. It is Deutzia 
Lemoineii, a hybrid produced by crossing the well-known Deutzia 
Gracilis with Deutzia Parviflora. The flowers are arranged in 
large white corymbs. Branches are upright and stouter than 
Gracilis. The shrubs to the left of the walk are Weigelia Rosea 
and Weigelia Eva Rathke, the first with large cherry-like leaves 
and rose-tinted flowers in June, and the other one of the most 
attractive shrubs, bearing heavy clusters of crimson flowers nearly 
all summer. 

I have endeavored throughout this book to convey my ideas 
in the plainest language without reservation or circumlocution. 
The careful student who has read the text pages and studied the 
illustrations up to this point must have a very intelligent grasp 
of the subject by this time and be capable of formulating a very 
practical planting plan for any kind of property. The same style 
of treatment will be continued to the end, and many more ideas 
presented. But if at any stage of his reading the student desires 
more information on any topic, or wants some new topic eluci- 
dated, he is invited to write me freely. The consuming ambition 
of my life is to advance the cause of a more beautiful America, 
and I will always consider it a joyful labor to help my friends 
work out their landscape problems. 




Plate lO."!. Water Lilies, IVymiiliaeu Odorata Gigautea 




Plate 106. Deutzia Ijenioineii aud Weigelias 



THB GRBBNING' PICTORIAL SYSTEM OP LANDSCAPE GARDENING 




A SUNKEN ITALIAN GARDEN 

This view exemplifies a kind of garden that is the farthest 
remove possible from a natural garden. It is, in fact, a form of 
vegetable sculpture where every plant is sheared to perfect sym- 
metry. The fancy bed in the middle ground, surrounding the 
urn, is made of Coleus in different colors and is never permitted 
to become disheveled by long growth. The gardeners swing 
their ladders across it and each plant is barbered with a fidelity 
that would do credit to a professional tonsorialist. 

Many people of refined tastes like this kind of garden, but 
personally I do not like them, especially for the North, where 
our season for enjoying them is very short. Moreover, the floral 
decorations are of a character that requires the constant atten- 
tion of a gardener, and it is not yet a common practice to employ 
professional gardeners. 

In connection with this kind of a garden it is in good taste 
to use some formal trees in tubs, like Bay Trees, and certain 
pyramidal Evergreens, such as Thuya Occidentalis and Thuya 
Pyramidalis. The last two make pretty subjects for bordering 
avenues, and many of them were distributed along the line of 
march during the Custer celebration in Monroe in June of this 
year. 



Plate 10". A Sunken Italian Garden 




NATURAL POND 

This is not a water garden because a garden implies prep- 
aration and cultivation. The above is a natural pond or small 
lake on a large estate, the borders being planted with Iris, Crim- 
son Eye, Cardinal Lobelia, and such shrubs as Canadian Elder, 
Tamarix, Forsythia and Pussy Willow. The trees are Pin Oaks; 
the others are American White Elm, Maples, Linden and Beech. 

A scene of this kind is adorned the most when adorned the 
least. There are many such scenes throughout the Middle West, 
Michigan having about 5,000 lakes and Minnesota 7,000. Most 
of them are unappreciated by the people who own them, which 
goes to prove the great truth that what we don't know we are 
not aware of. It is a dangerous thing to meddle with this kind 
of natural landscape, for it is almost beyond the power of man 
to conceal his tracks. Any effort at improvement generally ends 
in disclosing some stupid artifice that spoils it all. 



I'late 108. Naliiiiil I'onti 



T HH GRHUNIN G LAN DSC 



AN ARTISTIC ENTRANCE GROUPING OF 
EVERGREENS AND TREES 

An effective use of evergreens bordering the approach to 
an estate. Those in the foreground are Colorado and Kos- 
teriana Blue Spruce; the tall native growth consists of Nor- 
way Spruce, White Pine, Fir, Larix, Maple, Oak, Platanus 
and Birch. 

Similar ideas to this are also carried out in cemetery 
improvement where the entranceway is recessed and the gate 
is a considerable distance from the street. The picture has 
a great deal of meaning and it is so simple in treatment that 
it is as easily read as a child's primer. 



A RESIDENTIAL HOTEL 

A very select residential hotel can afford the expense of 
such a garden as this, but for the ordinary property hardy 
plants would be better. The large-leaved plants on the right 
bottom corner and near the terrace in the center are Cannas; 
the ribbon-beds along the walks are scarlet Geraniums; and the 
fancy bed in the lower left-hand corner consists of Coleus and 
Echeveria, commonly called Hen and Chickens. The hedge on 
the terrace is a Berberis Thunbergii, one of the prettiest plants 
of recent introduction. The Evergreens are Norway Spruce 
and Thuya Occidentalis. 

Of course this style of planting is practicable only where 
a gardener is employed, as without constant attention it is a 
failure. A nice way to brighten up a hotel property is with 
trees in tubs, and there are many kinds that do well, small and 
large. There are small Cedars, like Thuya Globosa and Thuya 
Compacta, that make fine porch ornaments. And in connection 
with such a hotel there is usually a garden cafe. Sometimes 
this cafe is in a tiled court like a Spanish patio, and the floral 
decorations are in tubs and vases. In cities where hotel prop- 
erties have no garden space, it is a good idea to build the cafe 
on the roof, as was done by Mr. L. W. Tuller, who has in- 
stalled a magnificent hotel cafe on the roof of his hotel, the 
Hotel Tuller, Detroit, Mich. 



89 




PlatL- 110. A RcsiHlontial Hotel 




L 



I'latf lf2. The Right Wji.v ot Ueooratliii:: the Hciine Groiiiicl 



OP LANDSCAPB GARDBNI NG 



THE WRONG WAY OF PLANTING THE HOME -GROUNDS 

Here are trees and shrubs but no picture. Indiscriminate 
planting without regard to expression is not artistic. The mind 
wanders from one detail to another and finds no meaning in any- 
thing. This is because the composition is faulty. There are no 
contrasts — no lights and shadows — no force in the grouping. It 
does in fact give us a "tired feeling" to look at it. 

There is no great merit in merely planting trees here and 
there throughout the yard without pictorial arrangement; the 
birds and squirrels do that much; in fact I publish on another page 
a miniature landscape made by the Bower-Bird which shows order 
and, from the bird point of view, a very artistic composition. For 
description and illustration of the Bower-Bird, see page 96. 

The Greening Pictorial System of Landscape Gardening does 
what its name implies; that is to say, it makes a picture of a land- 
scape without additional cost to the owner. It costs no more to 
do things the right way than the wrong, and in most instances 
considerably less. 



THE RIGHT WAY OF DECORATING THE HOME 
GROUNDS 

The Greening idea of a beautiful landscape is that of a 
living picture full of expression. In this scene a heavy 
plantmg of trees and shrubs borders the yard, leaving the lawoi 
area open and therein lies the charm of the picture. We are 
always pleased with contrasts of related subjects. In the lan- 
guage of the painter this is expressed in "high lights and shad- 
ows." In rhetoric the figure of speech known as antithesis is 
usea to express contrasting ideas or emotions. The great force 
of Shakespeare as a dramatic writer lies in his antithetic in- 
tensity. "He put noons and midnights side by side. His tears 
oft fell upon his smiles. No other dramatist would have 
dreamed of adding to the pathos — of increasing our apprecia- 
tion of Lear's agony, by supplementing the wail of the maid 
King with the mocking laughter of a loving clown." 

And so in gardening, a group of trees and shrubs without 
a proper lawn setting does not mean much, and a lawn without 
a framework of trees and shrubs expresses very little; but a 
combination of both in due proportion gives us the contrasting 
lights and shadows that sway the emotions. 

To say of a garden that it is emotional as the plays of 
Shakespeare is to confer the highest praise, and this garden 
merits such praise. 

The picture represents a banking of hardy shrubs — Hy- 
drangea, Spiraea Van Houttei, Philadelphus Aurea and Deut- 
zia Gracilis around the circle, with Spiraea Reevesii to the right 
and Spiraea Van Houttei to the left of the steps. There are 
mixed shrubs on the left of the lawn ranging from dwarf to tall- 
growing varieties. Maples and Birches define the sky-line. 



THB GRBBN I N G LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



91 



TREATMENT OF RESIDENTIAL GROUNDS 

Open lawn treatment of large residential grounds. The shrubs 
near the house foundation are Spiraea Van Houttei. The large 
specimen trees are there " because they're there." The arrange- 
ment is not the best, but the grove was on the grounds at the 
time the house was erected, and the trees are too valuable to 
destroy and too large to move safely. Accordingly all efforts 
were directed towards increasing their individual beauty by prun- 
ing and enriching the soil and by additional planting. It is 
wanton waste to cut down trees that can possibly be saved. 

In the case of trees that have become diseased it is better to 
employ a professional tree-doctor to remove the infected parts 
and arrest further decay. Antiseptic solutions are used and all 
cavities are filled up, pretty much in the same manner that a 
dentist fills a tooth. The Greening Landscape Company main- 
tains a force of expert tree-surgeons, and owners of large estates 
are invited to correspond with us. 




Plate 113. Treatment of Re.si<lciitlal Grounds 



AN ARTISTIC DRIVEWAY 

Art is the sensible way of doing things. This driveway is 
artistic because it gives sensible service. The carriage-turn gives 
an approach to the front entrance and the service-drive leads to 
the rear entrance, where the grocer, iceman and others make 
their daily deliveries. In planning a carriage-turn nowadays the 
ever-present automobile must be reckoned with, for it requires a 
circle of 44 feet in diameter to turn a large car and 50 feet is 
better. 

The two large trees in front of the house are Silver Maples 
and the one on the left is an Oak. The vines on the building are 
Ampelopsis Veitchii, and the shrubs near the house are Sym- 
phoricarpos Alba, Symphoricarpos Rubra, and Berberis, which 
do well in the shade. Those on each wing of the ground are 
mixed shrubs in colonies. 

On a property of this character the best kind of driveway 
is a macadam foundation. When properly built it becomes as 
hard as cement, smooth and clean, but it is well to use granite 
screenings for the top dressing. Limestone screenings are 
often so soft that they wear to an impalpable powder, and 
blow all over the yard — a fine, white dust like baking powder, 
that soils clothes and disfigures the landscape. 




Plate 114. An Artistic Driveway 



92 



THB GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OE LANDSCAPE GARDENING 




Plate ! ir.. < Hijilpa Biin^^ei (Cliiiu-sc I iiibrella-Tree) 



CATALPA BUNGEI (CHINESE UMBRELLA-TREE) 

The Catalpa Bungei, also known as Chinese Umbrella-Tree, 
makes a very attractive border for a driveway, the large lux- 
uriant heart-shaped foliage and the perfect symmetry of the tree 
giving it a stateliness of aspect that lends a tone of dignity to 
the surroundings. The effect is subtropical. 

This garden scene is from the yard of a fellow-nurseryman 
of this city, and the pride of his home centers largly on the 
beauty of these trees, which make a pleasing entrance from 
the avenue to the barn at the rear of the lot. It shows good 
taste in construction and testifies to the great fact that the 
artistic sense is a very common commodity after all, and that 
the Great Purveyor, or whoever it is distributes that kind of 
goods, allotted a generous portion to my friend. 





RUSTIC SUMMER-HOUSE AND CATALPA BUNGEI 

This summer-house is made of natural birchwood and the 
interior appointments are of rustic furniture. The tree is a Catal- 
pa Bungei, which is produced by grafting the top on a Catalpa 
Speciosa stock at the desired height. It has a very compact head 
and makes a substitute for the Bay-Tree at small cost. This tree 
is also grafted near the ground, in which shape it makes a beauti- 
ful individual subject to soften the high lights in an open natural 
garden. 

This view is from the yard of another fellow-nurseryman, 
and the main object of its introduction here is to show that 
Monroe has its full quota of good people. This man is passion- 
ately fond of children and has built the rustic playhouse for their 
enjoyment. He has none of his own, however, a fact which I 
promised not to tell, and the reader will please not quiz me on 
the subject, lest in a moment of thoughtless imprudence I be led 
to violate my pledge. 




riaU' I M;. Jtiistif ,Siiiiiiiit-r-ll<iiiNe ami Catalpa 



THB GREENING LAN DSC 



SCREEN FOR BARN 

Barns and sheds are necessary on the farm; but it is not 
necessary to let their plain blank walls offend the sight. Groups 
of evergreens shut off unsightly views, are pretty in themselves 
and make the lawn look much better. When planted on the north 
side of buildings they lessen the force of the winter winds and 
add greatly to the comfort of stock. In the present instance 
Thuya Occidentalis, Thuya Pyramidalis, and Picea Excelsa were 
used. The shrubs near the house are Spiraea Van Houttei, Sym- 
phoricarpos Rubra, Rhodotypus, Rosa Rugosa, Deutzias, For- 
sythias, and Weigelia Variegated. 

There is no reason why farm properties should not be made 
attractive, especially in these days of high prices for produce, 
when the agricultural interests of the country are very prosper- 
ous. Many farmers are buying automobiles, which is all right, 
but I submit that the improvement of home grounds is at least 
as important as to own an automobile. 




A MASS GROUPING OF HARDY SHRUBS 

A good illustration of the Greening Pictorial System of 
Landscape Gardening, with large open lawn and heavy 
background of shrubs and trees. Observe the varying height 
of planting, from the tall trees in the far offing to the low 
shrubs that melt in a soft vignette near the lawn. Maples 
are used in the extreme background for the density of the 
foliage, and the heavy banking of shrubs is made up of Ber- 
beris Thunbergii and Vulgaris, Deutzia Gracilis and Crenata, 
Syringa Grandiflora, Persian Lilac, Lonicera Tartarica, Weigelia 
Rosea, Golden Elder, and Staghorn Sumac. This garden has 
beautiful fall coloring, the Maples, Sumac, and Berberis turn- 
ing to bright tints of red and gold. The house faces the west, 
and the beauty of the sunset as the last shafts of golden light 
sink below the horizon is beyond description. 



PE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



93 




Plate 118. A Mass Grouping- of Hardy Shrubs 




Plate 120. IteceHNed Cemetery ICntrance 



P LAN DSC APB GARDBNI NG 



HYDRANGEA PANICULATA GRANDIFLORA 

The Hydrangea Paniculata Grandiflora in bloom time is the 
delight of children. An effective screen for a low, old-fashioned 
porch. It requires close pruning in March and thrives every- 
where, but succeeds best in rich, well-cultivated soils. The 
flowers are in terminal trusses and of immense size. 

Hydrangeas should be planted where plenty of water can 
be applied, for they need more water than most shrubs. The 
very name Hydrangea is derived from the same root that gives 
us the word hydrant — the Greek hudor, meaning water. 

In cases where the foliage suffers from the shot-hole fungus, 
an application of flowers of sulphur with a bellows will check 
the disease. 



RECESSED CEMETERY ENTRANCE 

A recessed entrance to a cemetery with the sides heavily 
planted with Pines. This gives the effect of an antepark and 
adds greatly to the architectural richness of the gateway and 
the dignity of the approach. The same style of treatment con- 
tinues for a short distance on the inside, after which the park- 
like effects of the modern cemetery predominate. In the above 
picture the tall-growing varieties are at the rear and the 
dwarfed kinds in front, thus making easy gradations from the 
lawn to the sky-line. 

Since it has become the fashion to lay out cemeteries 
with park effects, they are more frequently visited than they 
were formerly, many people using them as parks. When 
properly treated their surroundings are not morbid, as one 
might suppose, but rather are they promotive of a contem- 
plative and philosophical cast of mind. 



THE GRBBNING LAN DSC 



HYDRANGEA PANICULATA GRANDIFLORA 

Another use of the Hydrangea Paniculata Grandiflora is in 
large beds planted solidly with this one variety, about twenty- 
four inches apart, and in a sunny exposure they make a glorious 
show from August on to frost. Severe pruning in the early 
spring is necessary, as it bears its bloom in terminal trusses on 
the current year's growth of wood. 

It must be remembered, however, that the Hydrangea is a 
special-purpose plant, and the common practice of dotting the 
landscape here and there with single subjects is not in good 
taste. Probably no shrub has been more abused in this respect 
than has the Hydrangea. In condemnation of this indiscrimi- 
nate planting Prof. Bailey cites the parallel case of a lady who 
came in possession of some church doors. Of course she would 
use the doors somehow, so she put up posts at various places in 
the garden to hang them on, with as much reason and taste as 
the usual promiscuous planting of the Hydrangea. 

The picture shows groupings of shrubbery in solid beds ex- 
tending along the border of a drive through a thickly planted 
wooded park. 




SCENE IN A PARK SUBDIVISION 

A very artistic way of laying out a "quality subdivision" is in 
a parklike arrangement of the streets, which are laid out in curves 
instead of the regulation checker-board pattern. This picture 
shows a turn in the street and displays a great wealth of foliage. 
The park idea is emphasized by the heavy planting, and the house 
in the background is the home of an artist who gathers inspiration 
for his work amid his surroundings. 

The border shows careful planning as to the height of the 
various subjects used, low perennials in front, then shrubs, and 
lastly trees in the background, with a similar facing of shrubs 
and perennials on the house side. 

In laying out a subdivision after this fashion it is a good plan 
to leave certain reservations for park effects, and these should be 
dedicated the same as the streets, and the streets themselves 
should be heavily planted. If the country is rolling, the streets 
may follow the ravines when drainage is provided. 




Plate 122. Sceuc in a Park Subdivision 



96 



THB GRBBNING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OP LANDSCAPB GARDBNING 




A PERGOLA AND PERGOLA FENCE 

We have here an illustration of a pergola and pergola fence 
overlooking; a garden. The vines on the pergola are the Clematis 
Paniculata, and at the base of the fence is a bank of Deutzia 
Gracilis. In the background we see the tops of arching Elms, 
v/hich give grace and dignity to the picture and add variety to 
the sky-line. 

Just beyond the pergola fence is a garden on a much lower 
level, in the center of which is a tea-house in purely Japanese 
style. The material is of bamboo. All around the tea-house is 
some miniature manufactured scenery, like small hills, rivulets, 
etc., many dwarfed trees being used. 





A FEATHERED LANDSCAPE GARDENER 

The Bower-Bird of New Guinea not only builds one of the 
most wonderful nests known to naturalists, but it actually lays 
out a garden. It picks the blossoms of orchids and arranges 
them in alternate rows of rnauve and white. Along these rows 
of flowers it joyfully dances to its mate — a sort of Virginia 
reel, I imagine. The illustration shows one of these bird 
gardens with its feathered occupants. 

This bird is one of the most remarkable creatures known 
to natural history. Its nest is really a cabin built of sticks, 
and surrounded by a perfectly-kept garden composed of twigs 
and moss, studded with brilliantly-colored flowers, fruits and 
insects. As the curious ornaments become faded they are 
constantly replaced by fresh ones, so that scientists are inclined 
to credit the bird with the possession of the artistic sense. In 
these decorated playgrounds the males meet and pay their court 
to the female, the bower being used purely for purposes of 
recreation and not as a nesting place. These birds are chiefly 
found in the Owen Stanley range, of British New Guinea. 

See reference to this bird on page 90. 



I'ljite 1]H. A KfJitlirred J.aiKlNCSiiie Gsirdeuer 



THE GREENING LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



9: 



JAPAN MAPLES 

This picture shows a colony of Japan Maples at the base of 
the pergola. They are dwarfed trees of exquisite coloring, and 
the foliage of many varieties is daintily cut in lacehke patterns. 
They are of spreading habit and show off to advantage when 
planted in the foreground of taller shrubs. The Greening Nur- 
sery Company offers a large assortment of home-grown plants 
which are decidedly stronger and hardier than the imported stock. 
The colors run from green to blood-red and bright gold, and pro- 
duce most distinctive and charming effects. 

These little trees exemplify a racial characteristic of the 
Japanese people, namely, their patience, persistence and perse- 
verance. By dint of pruning, through many generations, the 
nature of the Maple has been changed until the trees are dwarfed, 
the type being fixed to permanence. And as trials, troubles and 
tribulations bring out the finer elements of human character, so 
these little trees have come through the severe ordeal of pruning 
punishment with added glories of color and dainty leaf forms. 

The climbing vines are Honeysuckle. 




Plate l'2'>. Japan >lnples 



SIDE APPROACH TO A MANSION 

This approach shows a row of Rose Trees on the left and a bed 
of Deutzia Gracilis on the right. Note the flagstones leading to 
the library entrance. These are made of cement, but they are not 
mere cement slabs. They rest on cinders and grout the same as a 
sidewalk. 

The proper way to lay out a sidewalk with stepping-stones is 
to excavate the whole path and put up rails at the proper grade, 
after which the space is partitioned ofF, making the stones thirteen 
inches and the space between them eleven inches. This accommo- 
dates a 24-inch step, which is just an easy, natural walk. Many 
engineers take rough measurements in this easy walk and get 
tolerably accurate results. Others use a forced stride and cover 
approximately three feet, but only an ogre in seven-league boots 
can maintain that gait. What may be called a garden walk is just 
two feet to the step. The spaces for the flags are first filled with 
cinders, and then concrete grout, after which the cement surface 
is laid. The spaces for grass are then filled with soil and sodded 
flush. A rough finish to the cement is more artistic than a smooth 
finish. 




Plate J2<>. Side Approach to a Mausiou 



98 




A COUNTRY HOME SURROUNDED WITH TREES 

Who can put a price on the value of such a grove? How cool 
in summer! How shelteringly warm in winter!! The trees are 
Maple, Elm, Ash and Beech. The shrubs are Thorn, Sumac, Elder, 
Witch-hazel and Dogwood. 

It is not generally known that the intense summer heat is 
' appreciably modified by the presence of trees, aside from the shade 
they give. They are constantly pumping water from the subsoil, 
the temperature of which is 30 to 40 degrees colder than the 
atmosphere; so that trees possess considerable coolness, which they 
impart to the surrounding air. The same law prevails in the win- 
ter, but the conditions are reversed: the air is colder than the trees 
which, on this account, soon lose their warmth by radiation. Hence 
the loss of many foliage plants through delays in transportation 
in the winter, when the plants could withstand a short exposure 
without injury. Many lawsuits have resulted to determine the 
rights of floral shippers and to define what constitutes prompt 
dispatch. 



A Country Home Siirrouinled «itli Trees 




A GRASS WALK IN A GARDEN 

Grass walks are very appropriate in a garden, as they are in 
keeping with the general air of the place and tend to preserve the 
unities. Besides, a good turf has a peculiar resiliency that is very 
agreeable to the foot, its one fault being that immediately after a 
rain it is too wet for comfortable walking, and that is just the time 
that a garden is most interesting! At the same time it must be 
remembered that neither a brick nor gravel walk is quite clean 
after a rain, for more or less mud will splash unless a wide mar- 
gin of grass be kept, in which case there will be double work to 
do, namely, to edge the grass and sweep and wash the walk. Taken 
altogether the grass walk will be very satisfactory in a small for- 
mal garden. On the other hand if it is very large it will be better 
to dispense with grass altogether and have merely walks and 
flower-beds, in which case curbs of boards or light iron-sheeting, 
partly sunken in the ground, will define the borders of both. 

In this garden are Crimson Eye, Pyrethrum, Boltonia, 
Helianthus, Eulalia, etc. The trees in the background are Maples. 



I'Isile i::8. A GriiNM Walk in :i <;iii-<len 



THE GRBBN IN G LAN DSC 



A REAR APPROACH 

These houses face the lake, and consequently the approach 
is from the rear. The carriage-turn is near the rear entrance, 
and the driveway disappearing to the left goes to the paddock 
and barn. The shrubs in the foreground border the street line, 
and the lawn has been kept free and open. Observe the heavy 
planting of shrubs around the houses. They give privacy to the 
surroundings and naturalize the houses themselves. 

As a rule a driveway of this kind should be built of mac- 
adam and, if the subsoil is very soft, a Telford foundation 
should be laid on the metal of the roadway. Thorough roll- 
ing of the metal and of each course of stone is very important, 
and a standard roller weighing seven tons should be used. 

It is a fact worthy of remark in this connection that both 
McAdam and Telford were Englishmen, and that their names 
will be connected for all time with the science of roadmaking. 
So far the Americans have shown very little originality in 
this line of work, and, if we may be permitted to carry frank- 
ness to its limit, let us say that we are not even good imita- 
tors. The highways of this country bear no comparison to 
those of England, a fact which every traveler well knows. 




A RIPPLING BROOK 

Water in motion adds a great deal to the animation of 
a garden. Here is a mere rivulet, a little thread of water, 
and yet as it cascades and dances over the rocks it makes 
music to the ear. In the foreground are flat stones across the 
water to make an easy ford, and on both banks are plants 
that favor low, wet ground — Iris, Hibiscus, Loosestrife, orna- 
mental grasses and Forget-me-nots. On the higher ground 
to the right of the picture is a large bed of Berberis Thun- 
bergii; the bed in the corresponding position to the left is 
Rhodotypus. The evergreens near the bridge are White 
Pines and Norway Spruce. The large trees are Elms. 

In some sections natural springs are common and it is an 
easy matter to impound them with a cement well-head of a 
size commensurate with the flow. Having this water-supply, 
many ingenious ways vnll suggest themselves for its use. 
Sometimes a ravine can be dammed to form a reservoir and 
thus collect considerable water. 

And lastly the public water service can be utilized, and it 
is surprising what a small amount of water it does take to 
make a very beautiful scene. I have a plan which is applicable 
to the smallest city property, even as small as a 30-foot lot, 
which I will be pleased to submit to all interested clients. 
It can be used to colonize fish, frogs, turtles and alligators. 




Plate 130. A Ripiilinjs; Brook 




Plate 1.t2. An Itnliiiu Garileu 



OP LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



A BEAUTIFUL VISTA 

This is not a formal walk. It is merely a ramble through a 
grove. On the right is a perfect thicket of rugged natives, such 
as Hemlock Spruce, Beech, Prickly Ash, and Sumac. The fore- 
ground on the left has a colony of Yucca and Bocconia Cordata; 
beyond it is composed of a wild growth of native trees and shrubs. 

This class of work is adapted only for large properties which 
have a wood-lot adjunct. The plantings are very dense, and this 
walk is simply the entrance, which reaches the residence by a 
winding way. A large variety of trees is used and they are 
planted promiscuously without any regard to formality except to 
make this approach. The effect is romantic. A poet would call 
it Cupid's trysting-place. The imaginative reader can see the 
flight of his barbed darts as they speed from heart to heart, and 
hear the sighs of men and maidens who are tenderly touched 
with the exquisite agony of love's sweet pain. 




AN ITALIAN GARDEN 

View of an Italian garden from the loggia or tiled court 
adjoining the house. All the architectural embellishments are 
of chiseled stone, including the Tuscan columns of the pergola, 
the settee and the balustrade surrounding the garden. The ever- 
green trees are the George Peabody Golden Arbor Vitas, or 
Thuya Lutea. The plants in urns are tender exotics that require 
housing in a greenhouse during the winter. 

Beyond the pergola is the natural garden. The ground is 
rolling, several ravines corrugating the surface in a number of 
ridges. One of the ravines is converted into a little rivulet, 
across which a natural bridge is built, the bridge itself support- 
ing two large Bittersweet vines, whilst the borders are heavily 
planted with shrubs. Another ravine is used as a fernery, where 
many varieties of this peculiar family of plants are grown. One 
ridge is completely planted to fruit-trees, and on another is a 
pavilion adjoining a plateau which is utilized as a tennis court. 



THB GRBUN I N G LANDS 



ONE YEAR FROM TIME OF PLANTING 

The recessed entrance is so eminently proper for ceme 
teries that it will soon receive general acceptance. This 
picture shows a gateway one year from the time of planting, 
and in a few years more it will become a little classic of its 
kind. The pines possess a grace of demeanor and modest 
aspect which it pleases us to associate with God's acre. The 
large tree forms a beautiful cancpy over the gateway. See the 
article on cemeteries for varieties of trees, shrubs, vines, etc., 
suitable for that class of landscapes. 

In this connection I want to remark that the finest ceme- 
tery in the world is that at Hamburg, Germany; and its great 
beauty lies in the compact planting of the garden areas and the 
general air of good care that it receives. There is no substi- 
tute for good care. Work is the price that all must pay for 
success in gardening as well as other things in life. 




A PLEASING TREATMENT OF A BACK YARD 

The features of this garden are the pergola and shelter- 
house. The shrubs at the base of the pergola are the Deutzia 
Crenata, which is very pretty with its roseUke flowers; the 
vines are Wistarias, which bear long racemes of bloom in sum- 
mer. The tall tree in the background is an American Elm, 
than which there is none more majestic. This is a new gar- 
den and will be much prettier in another year. 

A pergola can be used in almost any yard without regard 
to size, and it makes one of the most pleasing features that 
can be introduced. It is useful and ornamental, and adds an 
artistic charm to a landscape that cannot be obtained other- 
wise. A good thing about the pergola is that it permits the 
introduction of climbing vines to adorn it, many varieties 
being suitable for the purpose. It also justifies the use of 
many shrubs which otherwise would be out of place in the 
middle of the yard. They can be planted between the columns, 
or on the sides to serve as a screen. 




Plate 134. A lMea»iin!V Trfiitiiieiit of :i Uat-k ^ ar<l 



102 



THH GRBBNING P I C T O R IA.L S Y S T B M OF LANDSC APB GARDBNI NG 




STRONG CONTRASTS 

"And the great Elms o'erhead dark shadows wove." — Longfellow. 

This park scene conveys the idea of immensity, every feature 
being developed on a large scale. The high lights and shadows 
are intense. The lawn area is absolutely unbroken, and the bor- 
der planting consists of a thick growth of large trees to comport 
with the general aspect of the landscape. The effect is so forceful 
as to fairly overwhelm the sense with awe at the majestic 
grandeur of the scene. The trees are Elms and Maples, with 
Flowering Thorns, Barberries and Elders in the foreground. 




Plate 135. Strong tout i-astN 




THE LURE 

The hall is wide and cool and dim. 
And o'er the porch there droops the limb 
Of an old Oak, and roses climb 
And hide and shade it all the time. 

An ideal place to bill and coo. 

To hold a little hand and woo 

With honeyed words some " ladye faire" — 

I'll bet a widow's living there. 

The lawn is wide and deep and green, 
And 'thwart its sward there may be seen 
The shimmering sheen of golden light. 
The Sun-God's blessed gift of sight. 

And on the borders of the lawn 
With greatest care the lines are drawn. 
Where family groups of shrubs are grown- 
Each in allotted space alone. 



Plate The liUie 



THB GRBBN I N G LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



FOUNTAIN IN ITALIAN GARDEN 

This is known as an architectural garden. The features are 
the fountain with gargoyles, the wall with flower vases and stone 
settees. The evergreens in the foreground are Thuya Occiden- 
talis; those in the background are Thuya Globosa. Those in the 
far background beyond the fence are Pines, Firs and Spruces. 
Such scenery is very effective as part of an Italian garden, but it 
is seldom appropriate in Northern lands. 

This garden shows very poor taste. A great deal of money 
has been spent in architectural constructions, but the floral dec- 
orations are very meagre. There is no ratio of artistic attributes. 
The structural engineer or building architect did his work well, 
but the landscape gardener was not consulted. The two should 
work together. A French philosopher called geography and 
chronology the two eyes of history, and with equal triteness 
I say that design and horticulture are the two eyes of gardening, 
and that either without the other is half blind. To give full 
vision to the art of gardening is my sole object in publishing 
this book. 




I'liMe i:{7. Koiiiitaiii in Ttiilinii Garden 



FLOWER-COVERED TERRACE 

This picture shows a beautiful treatment of a terrace. In- 
stead of the bare slopes, which are difficult to manage with a 
lawn-mower, there is a growth of thick-matting flowers and 
foliage. On the border there is Aegopodium Podagraria, com- 
monly known as Goutweed; the large-leaved plants are Day 
Lilies; the little round-headed trees on each side of the steps 
are Thuya Globosa; the vines on the house are Ampelopsis 
Quinquefolia and Bignonia Radicans; the trees to the right are 
Maples. 

There is quite a strip of lawn between the planting on 
the shoulder of the terrace and the porch rail, and this lawn 
serves as an extension of the porch itself. Beyond the terrace 
is the lawn proper, extending to the property line in front, 
where a hedge serves to define the border. In the lawn, but 
on each wing, there are a few ornamental trees, whilst the two 
side borders are heavily planted with shrubs and hardy peren- 
nials. 




I"late CiS. Fl<nvt'r-«'<n ci'cil 'I'crraee 



104 



THB GRHBNING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OP LANDSCAPB GARDENING 





A LAWN SCENE 

These grounds adjoin the mansion shown on page 103 and are 
a part of the same estate. It will be seen that the sylvan effects 
predominate and that the general air of the place is that of con- 
templative retirement. A delightful retreat for a brain-fagged 
professional man. The large clump of shrubs in white bloom con- 
sists of Viburnum Opulus. 

This wide unbroken lawn and the amplitude of sky are sub- 
limely impressive. The tall, large trees on the borders give a 
mellow tone suggestive of the ideal, of duty done, of thoughtful 
retrospection, of a satisfying sufficiency, of something not easily 
definable, but for which I will hazard the name of distilled com- 
fort — what Trippler would call the liquid-air of happiness. 




'Iiitf A liawn Sccue 




A MEMORY GARDEN 

This mixed border contains quite a range of plants. On each 
side of the walk is a row of Phalaris Arundinacea, a low-growing 
Ribbon Grass and back of that are Foxglove, Canterbury Bells, 
Bleeding Heart, Phlox, Columbine, etc., while back of the peren- 
nials are flowering shrubs in great assortment, containing nearly 
all the hardy kinds. 

It is, in fact, a Memory Garden containing many cherished 
plants, the gift of loving friends, and for this reason every flower 
is a treasured keepsake. 

I suggest this method as the best way to exchange friendly 
tokens. There was a time when ladies contributed to each other's 
crazy-quilt by the exchange of dress material — portions of gar- 
ments worn on certain festive occasions — wedding garments and 
christening garments being especial favorites. Later there came 
the vogue of the autograph album in which verses were indited 
for friendship's sake. Both of these customs were beautiful, and 
I regret that they have become obsolete. As a substitute I offer 
the memory garden, which will add to a noble sentiment the 
beauty of growing things. There is enough of hard reality in 
life: let us fill our days with friendly devotion and entwine within 
our lives the sweet impulses that fill the heart with joy. 



THB GRHBNING LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 105 



GARDEN WITH SUNKEN LAWN 

This is merely the back yard of a greenhouse; and yet there 
is something about it that pleases. What is it that compels atten- 
tion? It is the most simple thing imaginable — a sunken lawn. It 
is only common grass such as we see elsewhere, but the lawn is 
not conventional. It is different, that's all! And therein lies the 
charm. We get tired of the monotony of sameness, and in this 
case the little artistic deceit of sinking the lawn produces a won- 
derful charm. In laying out new lawns the mistake is often made 
of forcing every line to a common mold, when the natural, ravine- 
like undulations are much prettier. Then the owner spends 
$5,000.00 to go to Europe to view different scenery! 

The shrubs on the right are Lilacs, which are again receiving 
the attention they deserve and are being widely planted. At the 
foot of the greenhouse is a bank of Euonymus Radicans. In the 
background is the rose garden, comprising a collection of the 
different classes of roses with arches for the climbers. 




Plate 141. Garden with Sunken Lawn 



DEUTZIA GRACILIS AS A BORDER 

This bank of low shrubs is composed of Deutzia Gracilis in 
snowlike bloom. This shrub has the cheerful habit of being 
contented in the shade and makes a fine banking against a group 
of trees. It is also desirable near the foundation of buildings, 
especially where a low growth is desired near basement windows. 

The large trees in the background denote age, and as it is 
one of the prerogatives of age to contemplate, retrospect and 
speculate, it m_ay be said of this garden that it is retrospective. 
The sun of life is turned backward. We look, and dream of 
youthful days, of barefoot boys, of knee-skirt girls, of joyous days, 
when laughter was spontaneous and care unknown. It is prob- 
ably for this reason that the men of very large means in the East, 
when the mood is on them to erect a five-million-dollar castle, 
surround it at once with a forest of large trees transplanted at 
enormous cost. Sometim.es as much as $5,000 is paid for a single 
tree. 




Plate 142. Deutzia Gracilis as a Bonier 



106 



THE GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 




A BEAUTIFUL PARTERRE 

The French have a beautiful word to describe a garden of 
large size that is partitioned off or very formally patterned. 
$uch a series of connected gardens is called a "parterre" in the 
same sense that an assemblage of colleges is called a university. 
In the above picture we have in the foreground a distinct garden 
unit that is complete in itself, but still relatedly connected with 
other garden units beyond, the whole forming a panorama of 
varied scenery. This style of gardening is applicable only to 
large estates or very pretentious avenues. The Greening system 
develops all the different styles of effect that are in accord with 
good taste in American gardens. 



I'lalf H:{. A ll<-:iii<il'iil l':ir(»-rre 




BACK-YARD TREATMENT 
HYDRANGEA PANICULATA 

This is the back yard of an apartment-house in a good resi- 
dence portion of the city. The heavy planting consists of Hy- 
drangea Paniculata, and as it is a sunny exposure there is a 
screen of vines in the background. There are two Century 
Plants in tubs. The edging is of Nasturtium and Sweet Alys- 
sum. Observe the window-boxes in the upper terrace. And in 
addition to all these floral beauties there is a wide expanse of 
lawn, which is used in common by the tenants to play games 
and for drying clothes. Portable clothes-reels are used. 

Apartment houses are an American institution. So far 
as I know, the idea originated in Chicago, about the time of 
the Columbian Exposition. A building of this kind will house 
several families, and with co-operative kitchen and cafe, to- 
gether with furnace-heat and janitor service, it is very much 
like a residential hotel. The idea has spread all over the 
country until even small cities have apartment houses now. 
They fill a certain well-defined want in our domestic economy, 
but in them children are tabooed, which augurs ill for the future 
of family life. Without the joyous prattle of children, life is 
a vain, barren and empty thing. 



I'liilc 144. Back- Yard Treatineut. Hydrangea Paiiit'iiladi 



THB GREENING LANDSCA 



A ROSE GARDEN 

This is the rose-garden of the parterre shown on preceding 
page and this area contains nothing but roses. On each side of 
the walk is a row of rose-trees produced by grafting free-blooming 
varieties on hardy rose stock, and as the heads are four or five 
feet from the ground the rose-trees are planted among the bushes, 
making in effect a two-story rose-garden. Each bed is eight feet 
wide and contains five rows of bushes, planted a foot and a half 
apart and one foot from each border. The middle row consists 
of Hybrid Perpetual, and the two rows on each side of Hybrid 
Tea, Hybrid Noisette and Dwarf Polyantha. Next to the trellis 
on each side is a bed two rows deep and the trellis itself supports 
the climbing varieties. 



A FORK IN THE ROAD 

When two roads unite they should rapidly converge, as in the 
above instance, and the point of convergence should be filled with 
shrubs, so that each is masked from the other. When approached 
from the other way the divergence comes in the nature of a sur- 
prise and gives a pleasing diversity to the scenery. 

A drive through an evergreen forest is peculiarly refreshing. 
The trees exhale a balsamic odor that is soothing, especially to 
people who have lung trouble. It is said that consumption is un- 
known in Pine regions. The above forest consists of Pine, Spruce 
and Cedar. 

Elsewhere in this book is an article on reforestation which 
the reader is asked to study carefully. Unless something be done 
to restore our forests we shall soon stand face to face with the 
problem of a completely denuded land, and such scenes as the 
one represented in this landscape will remain only as a vanished 
dream, whilst to the next generation they will be as a dream un- 
dreamed. There is a wonderful beauty in a forest scene which 
Americans are slow to discover. We have not yet learned the 
art of seeing. I think it was Martineau who said, " It is not light 
we need, but eyes." We look but we do not see. Our forests are 
being daily devoured by the hungry maw of the sawmill, and we 
stand as idly indifferent as a statue of salt. 




Plate 146. A Fork in tin- Hoart 



108 



THE GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM 




I'laU- 148. A liar;;;'e Kuriiinl Giirilcii 



F LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



AN OLD-FASHIONED GARDEN 

This garden furnishes a great amount of cut-flowers at 
the same time that it contains a number of trees for shade and 
for variety. The old apple-tree in the left foreground is not 
very symmetrical, as apple-trees seldom are, but the owner 
has a sentimental attachment to it and for that reason it 
becomes a beautiful subject for the garden; for let it be re- 
membered that a garden is for the affections. Other fruit- 
trees are Peach and Plum. Between these fruit-trees are beds 
of Pinks, Paeonies, Phlox, Gaillardia, Coreopsis, etc. 

This subject is a good representative of the European idea 
of garden finish. On the road from Charlottenburg to Pots- 
dam, where dwell the aristocrats of that region, there are many 
such gardens, the gardeners vying with one another in origin- 
ality of construction and arrangement. A large number of 
climbers are used and stone walls surrounding the gardens are 
common. In the latter case large iron gates in fanciful designs, 
and bearing the monogram of the owner or the name of the 
estate, are also used. 




A LARGE FORMAL GARDEN 

A formal garden on a large estate showing large beds, 
each filled solidly with one kind of flowers. The garden con- 
tains Shasta Daisy, Phlox, Delphinium, Coreopsis, Hibiscus, 
Gaillardia, etc. 

In a garden of this kind the intention is not so much to 
have any fixed formality about the shape of the beds as to 
have an abundance of flowers for cutting for table decorations 
and other such uses in vases. Many annuals are used and 
much ingenuity exercised in their grouping. Such a garden is 
not expensive in material but is quite expensive in labor. Hot- 
beds are provided to start certain seeds very early, and then 
there are cold frames to receive the young seedlings and 
nurture them until outside conditions are favorable. The steady 
employment of a gardener is necessary. 



THE GRBBNING LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



109 



A FORMAL GARDEN 

A formal garden at the rear of a mansion showing a great 
wealth of perennial flowers. The large-leaved trees in the 
middle ground are Catalpa Bungei, and the vines on the house 
to the right are Chinese Matrimony Vine; likewise those on the 
pergola to the left. The border of the walk consists of Shasta 
Daisies, and the perennials are mostly Lilies and Phlox. 

Near the trees is a statue of some celebrity admired by 
the owner, which is a very refined way of paying a worthy 
tribute to those we love. How poor this little world would be 
without the memory of our mighty dead! 

The buildings surround the yard, and the walks are of 
glazed brick, the effect being that of a Spanish patio or tiled 
court, slightly modified. Climbers were freely used, fairly 
smothering the sides of the building; also many Shasta Daisies 
were planted in the flower beds, their long period of bloom 
being desirable. Note the weird effect of the canopy of one 
tree in the sky-line beyond the buildings. The peculiar fancy 
of the owner is exhibited by the thick planting. 





Plate 149. A Formal Gnrtleii 



A MODERN WATER GARDEN 
This house faces the water and the view before us is that 



of the back yard. Near the house is a mixed border of shrubs; 
the beds on the left are Phlox and Shasta Daisy; on the right 
foreground is a bed of Pasonies. The large circular bed in 
the middle is a water garden containing white and yellow 
Water Lilies, Water Hyacinths and the beautiful Lotus. A 
border of Geranium and Funkia Undulata around the basin 
enhances the beauty of the scene. 

Apropos of the Lotus I wish to remark that La Plaisance 
Bay, adjoining Greening's Big Nurseries, contains the largest 
Lotus beds in America. It is a most beautiful sight to see 
miles and miles of this magnificent flower standing two to 
three feet above the water, and thousands of people make a 
yearly pilgrimage to the Monroe Lotus Beds. 

It has become a custom of many colleges, nature societies, 
literary societies, civic societies and others to visit the Lotus 
beds at least once each year. Their naturalization in the Mon- 
roe marshes is credited to Doctor Doersch, who brought the 
original stock from Egypt. 




Plate l.">0. A Mortem Water Garden 



110 



THE GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 




Plate 151. Kraternity HoiiMe at the GreeniuK' Nurseries 



FRATERNITY HOUSE AT THE GREENING 
NURSERIES 

Where students of the Greening School of Horticulture and 
Landscape Art make their home during the summer. 

A charming glen as you may see, 

A shady grove of lofty trees 
That spread their branches broad and free, 

Gently waving with the breeze. 

Where many schools from many states 
Their students send, the art to woo 

Of garden craft, which educates 

And trains the boys to work and do. 





HARDY RHODODENDRONS IN BLOOM 

This picture illustrates one of the best uses that can be 
made of the Rhododendron, which is to naturalize it in woods 
or on the hillside of woody dells where the deep peaty soil 
makes a congenial place for it. It is at home also in some 
half-shaded nook of the natural garden when good drainage 
and a cool bed of leaf-mold have been prepared for it. Cover- 
ing completely with leaves gives an ample protection during 
winter. It is especially effective when combined with Ferns 
and Lilies, both luxuriating in the same cool, moist soil. In 
June the Lilies raise their stately forms above the Rhodo- 
dendrons and add another octave of color to the grand chorus 
of flowers. 

It is one of the beauties of flowers that they speak a 
universal language, and the little girl in the picture is con- 
versing with them. They tell of peace and rest and love 
without alloy, make glad her heart till her little life is be- 
jeweled with the gems of joy. 



iZt'l. Jl]ir«l> Hli4>tl4Ml«-iiilr4»iiN in Itlooiii 



THB GRBBNING LANDSCAPB COMPANY, MONROB, MICHIGAN 



111 



ONE OF THE COUNTRY HOMES OF 
CHAS. E. GREENING 

at the La Plaisance entrance to Greening's Big Nurseries. 



Beneath the trees so beautiful, 

In the blessed shrine of home, 

So pure, so fair and cheerful there, 
Our jewels here do roam. 

The very air with odors rare 

Their senses tease and please; 

While flit of bird is ever heard, 
And hum of happy bees. 





Plate 153. One nt the Country Hnineiii of Charles E. (ireenius 



ARTISTIC GARDEN VIEW 

A very artistic effect is produced by planting perennial flow- 
ers in front of the shrubbery border. The shrubs give a nice 
setting to the flowers without cutting up the lawn with little 
detached beds, as was the custom some years ago. The above 
garden has a spirit of animation without being nervous and 
fidgety. The ground was well prepared before planting and the 
result is a sea of billowed bloom — Iris, Phlox, Delphinium, Gail- 
lardia. Hibiscus, Foxglove, Helianthus and Boltonia. Near the 
house are Lombardy Poplars, which are useful to produce cer- 
tain architectural effects. A Tausendschon Rose is on the gate. 
At the base of the sun-dial is a colony of Euonymus Radicans. 
The large trees are Maples. 

The sun-dial makes a very pretty addition to a garden. A 
small one on a columnar pedestal is appropriate for a formal 
garden, whilst a large base of field stones and a proportionately 
large gnomon and dial is suitable for placing near a driveway. 




Plate 154. Artistic (iarjieii \ ieix 



112 



THB GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 




A FIELD OF PiEONIES IN BLOOM AT THE "GREENING 

NURSERY 

This view shows a large field of Paeonies representing the 
choice of many hundred varieties collected in my journey abroad 
.and from the best sources in this country. The picture was taken 
in bloom time and shows a sea of great floral beauty. Not the 
least attractive feature is the young lady — a daughter of the 
writer — accompanied by a little tot all in smiles. 

The Pasonia is one of the most popular flowers by reason of 
its hardiness, beauty and ease of cultivation. It will grow any- 
where with little care, or no care, and its glossy green foliage 
and compactness of growth make it very desirable for bedding or 
border work. It comes in a great variety of colors and large 
masses planted chromatically present a gorgeous scene beyond 
the power of words to express. No plant has received more at- 
tention at the hands of hybridists and it is destined to become the 
most popular perennial flower. 



Plate 155. A Field of Paeonies in Bloom at the Greening' Nursery 




HYDRANGEA ARBORESCENS (HILLS OF SNOW) 

This is a new Hydrangea that begins blooming in July, a 
month earlier than the well-known Paniculata Grandiflora. The 
bloom is a pure white and the plant is perfectly hardy. Very 
suitable for mass planting. 

I have had rather indifferent success with this variety so far, 
and yet I am loath to give it up. The duration of its bloom and 
its purity of color make it a valuable addition to our gardens. 
Its weakness has been that of making a rather spindling growth. 
My observations would indicate that it demands a well-enriched, 
sandy soil and plenty of water. It requires very close pruning 
in the spring. The name of this shrub illustrates the ease with 
which words become corrupted among illiterate people. Our 
colored brethren in the South and the class of whites known by 
them as " po' white trash," call it High Geranium, the lapse from 
Hydrangea being an easy transition for those who are not 
punctilious in such matters, especially when their garden expe- 
rience is largely confined to the geranium, which they regard 
as the ne plus ultra of all growing things. 



I'Inli' H.vilraiiKea Arboreseeiis (llill.s of Snotv> 



THB GREENING LAN DSC AP 



THE SHASTA DAISY 

This is one of Luther Burbank's greatest triumphs. Under 
his management the little field daisy has evolved into a gorgeous 
flower, which is a very valuable addition to our gardens. The 
picture shows a large colony of them in bloom. 

Mr. Burbank has produced many other plants of beauty and 
economic use, his methods being those of selection and studied 
cross-breeding; and perhaps it is not an unfair deduction to say that 
they are suggestive of the possibilities of eugenics or stirpiculture 
which, according to the preachments of modern sociologists, is the 
last message of hope for the human race. 

It has got to be no trick at all to grow $30,000-Carnations but, 
as Dr. Moras says in his last book, there is still an enormous 
output of 30-cent folks. When I was a boy a three-minute horse 
was a hummer, and I have lived long enough to see the advent 
of the two-minute horse; but we have not produced a Shakespeare 
since the year of grace 1564! 



A PARK SCENE 

This park scene shows a double reverse in the driveway, caused 
by following the contour of the hills. At the second bend in the road 
is a bed of Rosa Rugosa, used there to justify the curve. In the 
right foreground are Spiraea Van Houttei. The trees are Maples. 

The straight line is not the line of beauty. All nature moves 
in curves. The orbits of all the planets are elliptical — it has been 
said by a wag that even a kiss is " a lip tickle." The trajectory 
course of a cannon-ball is parabolic. A worthy gentleman in 
Paris — and his name is Worth — has devoted his life to designing 
new curvilinear contraptions for the " female form divine," by 
which means he has alienated from the American pocketbook and 
appropriated unto himself a great many American dollars. And 
they were round. In fact, " money makes the world go round." 




Plate 158. A Park Scene 




Plate 1«0. A Lawn View 



OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



AN ESPLANADE 

In rich residential districts the avenues are wide, as in this in- 
stance, where it is 125 feet, thus affording ample room for an 
esplanade in the middle and a narrow driveway on each side. The 
feature of this picture is the peculiar treatment of the esplanade, 
which is planted with Magnolia Soulangeana, the large foliage of 
which gives a tropical tone of luxuriance that is very agreeable. 
The trees on each side are American White Elm. 

When, as is usually the case on such properties, the building 
restrictions require foundation walls to be laid 50 feet from the lot 
line, it makes a clear vantage of 225 feet from house to house. 
This is plenty of elbow-room for everybody, especially when we 
consider that the esplanade in the middle of the street is heavily 
planted. 



A LAWN VIEW 

The strength of this picture lies in its open lawn and its 
magnificent background of shrubbery and trees. The low shrubs 
are Berberis Thunbergii. Back of them are Spiraeas, Deutzias and 
Syringas, while in the far background are the Bush Honeysuckles, 
Lilacs and Sumacs. The tree in the foreground is a Norway 
Maple and the other an American White Elm. A glimpse of the 
house is caught through a rift in the foliage, and at the foot of the 
Maple are the table and chairs that tell of comradeship and out- 
door enjoyment. 

This is a delightful place to meet old chums, to read old 
books and old billet-doux, to dream old dreams and live again 
the days " When Knighthood was in Flower." Such scenes as 
these are common in Europe. Nearly all business men there 
find time for recreation, for an aftermath of joy with their 
friends, for the social amenities, for the exchange of courtesies, 
for a hearty hand-shake, for a restful siesta, for a period of play, 
for a stroll in the garden, and for a jovial song. 

And who shall gainsay? Is it not better to forget the 
troubles of to-day and borrow sunshine of to-morrow? Com- 
radeship! How sacred is that word! ! 



THE GRBBN I N G LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



A FARMER'S HOME 
PATHWAY IN VEGETABLE GARDEN 

The rapid increase of wealth and culture among farmers 
manifests itself in improved home surroundings. Here is a 
farmhouse fairly embowered with trees and flowers. To the 
right of the walk are the vegetables, in the foreground being the 
tomatoes trained on stakes. On the left are perennial flowers 
like Shasta Daisy, Phlox, Delphinium, Pyrethrum, Boltonia and 
Paeonies. 

In every farm home, as in every city home, there is usually 
some member of the family who has a talent for growing 
flowers, just as others have a talent for music, or singing, or 
elocution; and this talent is as worthy of cultivation as any of 
the others. The flower girl does more to sweeten the joys of 
family life than any of her sisters. 




Plate 161. A Fanner's Home. Pathway in Vegetable Garden 



FROM SOMEWHERE TO SOMEWHERE 

A pergola is not simply an arbor, nor is it simply a covered 
walk. It is a combination of both. In the language of railroad 
people an arbor is a terminal station and a pergola an important 
stopping-place along the line. And being along the line it is sub- 
ject to the same rules that guide us in building walks — that is to 
say, it must lead somewhere: to some important garden feature 
like a formal garden, or to a junction in the walk system that 
opens at once into two or more pleasing surprises. Occasionally, 
as in this instance, it will serve the additional purpose of giving 
privacy to some quiet garden bower. 

Note the hedge of California Privet between the columns. 
The vines are Ampelopsis Quinquefolia, Hall's Honeysuckle and 
Clematis Paniculata. 

I illustrate on another page a detail drawing of a pergola 
which will show the manner of construction. Such a structure, 
being architectural, must harmonize with the architecture of the 
house. 

When a new property is being developed it is best to call 
in the building architect and landscape architect at the same 
time, and let them advise together on the general style of treat- 
ment; but on an old property either one can design a suitable 
pergola. The construction is very simple. Any local carpenter 
can do the work. In some cases the columns are made of con- 
crete at the place where they are to stand. Cement has come 
into such general use that nearly all mechanics understand how 
to mix it properly, while anyone with a little ingenuity can make 
the frames. 




Platie 162. From Somewhere to Somewhere 



116 




OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



PICTURESQUE ARRANGEMENT FOR AUTO-HOUSE AND 

DRIVE 

This is a very pictorial arrangement of a back yard. Heavy 
plantings of shrubbery form the border of the drive leading to the 
aijto-house. The right-hand border consists of tall-growing 
shrubs like Syringas, Lilacs, Weigelias, and Flowering Thorns. 
The left-hand border of Spiraeas, Barberries, and Hydrangeas. The 
road is macadam. Note the open lawn. 

I give on another page full instructions for making macadam 
driveways, and I recommend their use on large properties. In 
making these it must be remembered that the ideal sought is to 
make them smooth and hard and impervious to water. In a good 
macadam roadbed the various sizes of crushed stone knit together 
and become thoroughly incorporated — that is to say, they are 
virtually a solid block of stone. The surface should be shaped so 
as to shed water. 



AN ORNAMENTAL TERRACE 

This mansion stands on a small eminence which is ter- 
raced and reached by a flight of white marble steps. Naturally 
this terrace becomes a very important feature of the landscape, 
and it is treated somewhat after the nature of an open hearth. 
The shoulder of the terrace is decorated with a series of urns 
which, to a great extent, deceive the eye and make the terrace 
look much higher than it really is. A row of small globular 
evergreens would have the same effect and Thuya Globosa or 
Tom Thumb or Hoveyii are frequently used for that purpose. 
The latter has a beautiful golden color. The trees on the left of 
the terrace are Pines and Spruce. On the right are some Ce- 
lastrus Scandens or Bittersweet vines clambering on some na- 
tive thorns. Note the open lawn and beautiful sky-line of 
trees. 

A very pretty way of treating a terrace is to make it an 
elevated garden, or what may be called a garden terrace. For 
a mansion of the highest class the best treatment is to build 
a retaining wall of material to harmonize with the house, 
laying the coping slightly above the terrace, and on the coping 
some nicely turned newel posts to support a balustrade or rail. 
Inside of this rail a formal hedge, properly trimmed, gives 
the proper garden finish, and then the area is laid out in 
formal beds. Hardy, free-blooming perennials are the best to 
use — such as dwarf Phlox, Sweet William, etc. The Baby 
Rambler is also a good bedder for this purpose. 



THE GREENING LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



117 



GROUP OF ORNAMENTAL GRASSES 

Ornamental grasses make fine subjects for the lawn, especially 
when planted in heavy masses. They are perfectly hardy and give 
beautiful subtropical effects. The Eulalias are the best. 

There are three varieties of Eulalias which are worthy of a 
place in every garden. One is all green with the exception of the 
midribs, which are white. The blade is narrow and the pose of the 
grass is very graceful. It bears the rather imposing name of 
Eulalia Univittata Gracillima. Two other varieties have light yel- 
low variegations, one lengthwise and the other crosswise. All 
these attain a height of 4 to 5 feet. A larger-growing grass is 
the Erianthus Ravenna. This grows to 10 or 12 feet, and has huge 
feathery plumes which make good winter indoor decorations. Of 
the smaller grasses for edging, the Ribbon Grass is the best. 





Pliite ICS. Group of Ornamental Gras.ses 



PERGOLA PERISTYLE 

This is an unusual use of the Pergola, as it does not form a 
part of the walk system. It is more in the nature of a peristyle 
running from the library to the property line and separating the 
front yard from the tennis court at the rear. The hedge is of 
California Privet, with corner posts made out of clusters of the 
same plant. The vines are all Clematis Paniculata, intended for 
show effect rather than continuous effect. Observe that shrubs 
have been planted on the outside of the hedge to lessen the 
severely formal lines. 

The reason why only one variety of vine is used for show 
effect is that the family is away most of the early summer, so 
that early bloom is not desired. When the family returns in 
July there are enough flowers to compensate for all they have 
missed in the early season. 

A very good vine to use on a pergola is the American 
Woodbine, especially if we grow some climbing roses along 
with it. Some years ago Professor Hansen, of the South 
Dakota Experiment Station, while traveling in Europe in quest 
of horticultural information, was delightfully surprised to see 
this vine completely draping the pergola of a Russian prince — 
Prince A. W. Barjatinsky, 15 versts from Kolontajewska, in 
Southern Russia. From this it would seem that this vine is 
not without honor abroad. 




Plate Ififi. Pergola Peristyle 



118 




SCENE IN GREENING PARK 

Here a Norway Spruce hedge is used as a border for a 
driveway. In this case the trees were planted eighteen inches 
apart and sheared to straight hnes, so the top is perfectly level 
and the sides a solid wall of green. The trees are Norway 
Maple, headed up to eight feet, with clean, straight trunks. The 
Norway is one of the slow-growing Maples, but it is a beautiful 
tree when developed. 

It cannot be told too often that hedges accommodate them- 
selves to many situations, and they always look well, even when 
there are no other floral ornaments on the grounds. They can 
be used on the street line, as in this case, or on the property 
line between adjoining lots. When a yard is divided into two 
or more garden units, hedges divide and frame up each one in a 
distinctive way. Low hedges are very pretty bordering the walks 
and drives. They give these entrances an impressive charm. 
And lastly, very low hedges can be used as an edging or coping 
for flower beds, as was a very common custom in early colonial 
days. 



I'late 107. Scene iu Greening; Park 




EVERGREENS PROPERLY TRIMMED FOR A 
FORMAL GARDEN 

Most evergreens are very symmetrical in outline, and they 
make beautiful subjects for the formal garden. It is good prac- 
tice to accentuate their formality by a little pruning, as in the 
above case, where the tops were cut oS and all straggling 
branches shortened in. View in formal garden. Greening Park. 

This is an application of the Greening method of formal 
pruning. In the same garden there are groups of shrubs of low, 
compact-growing varieties, and each group is sheared to formal 
lines to look like one huge bush. The particular portion of the 
garden in which they stand is laid out geometrically, and is sepa- 
rated by hedges from the natural garden. The walk system is 
of crushed stone. 

The loose, open-growing evergreens, like Pines, Spruce and 
Firs, are not suitable for this kind of a garden; but the Cedars 
and Junipers make admirable specimens for formal effects. 



Plate l(!8. EverjirefiiN Troix rlj rriiiiiiied for n Foriiiiil (Jiirdcii 



THE GREENING L A N D S 



BACK-YARD TREATMENT 

This is the north side of Greening's Office Building. On 
account of the shade the shrubs near the house are Symphoricar- 
pos, Rubra and Berberis Thunbergii. The clump of shrubs on the 
lower right-hand corner is a solid bed of the same Berberis 
trimmed compactly; those in the background are Philadelphus 
Coronarius, Berberis Purpurea, and Spiraea Van Houttei. The 
tree is a Silver Maple. Note the graceful curve of the walk. 

The curves in this walk are sensible because they give sensi- 
ble service. They are the most direct route to the various en- 
trances; moreover, the street walks are near, and they are straight, 
as is also the short approach from them. In laying out walks 
it is well to keep in mind that curves are beautiful only as they 
are natural. Posing and artifice are just as vulgarly repulsive in 
a garden as in an individual. And, besides, a garden that is all 
curves is not restful: there is no place where the mind can rest. 
It is a fault which, in logic, is called " reasoning in a circle." 



A BED OF PAEONIES 

This bed of Paeonies is on the edge of a woodlot in a deep, 
natural loamy soil, and its grand show of flowers is a sight to 
behold. The condition is that of seminaturalization, for the 
paeony must have some cultivation; but the point is that it gets 
along with very little care. 

When established in good soil the paeonia will last a great 
many years — a generation or more. Fifty-eight years ago a lady 
now living on Lafayette avenue, Detroit, planted some paeonias 
which she had brought from her girlhood home and the plants 
are yet in full vigor. She is old and feeble now, but the "pinys" 
she planted in her youth enrich the evening of her life with all 
their wealth of bloom. 

For over twenty years the Paeonia has been a neglected plant. 
Other oldtime favorites fared a similar fate. Gardeners have 
been looking for newer things, some of which were good; but new 
friends can never take the places of the old. And so it is that 
in our day there is a return to grandmother's favorites. The 
Psonia is the first to gain renewed recognition. She is " the first 
fruits of them that slept." 




Plate 170. A Bed of Paeonies 




F LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



LAWN AND BORDER PLANTING 
" A Sylvan Scene — a woody theatre of stateliest view." — Milton 

This is a sylvan scene of great beauty. The house stands on 
an elevation overlooking the lawn which, relatively speaking, is 
prairie-like in extent and on which the sunshine and the shadow 
'chase each other in fitful play. It is well to remember that even 
the transient glories of the clouds enliven a landscape and, in 
regions where summer rains are common, their fleecy outlines 
make quick-moving pictures that are agreeable. Trees also give 
certain shadow effects that stand in relief and help to diversify 
the landscape. This fact will appeal more forcibly to architects, 
for they must take account of shadows in their compositions. 
The great charm of the Gothic Cathedrals of Italy lies in the 
transfigured shadows of their entrances. 




i 

I 

FORMAL GARDEN i 

A formal garden with very elaborate finish. It is an 
adjunct to a large and costly mansion and in perfect harmony 
with its surroundings. The walks are tiled and have a cement 
curb. There is a pergola in the left background with Trumpet 
Creeper and Dutchman's Pipe. The large formal tree to the j 
right is a Rosemary Willow. The white flowering plants on , 
the right of the walk are Spiraea Van Houttei, and the shrubs 
on the other side are Weigelia, which will bloom about a ; 
month later. | 

This garden is a typical representative of those seen sur- j 
rounding the beautiful chateaux of France on the many noted | 
chemins leading in all directions from Paris. And a beautiful | 
fact connected with these gardens is that their owners are 
not stingy with the flowers. The giving of flowers is one of 
the common courtesies of France. 

It is a custom which we would do well to follow in this 
country. It is a gracious thing to send flowers to our friends, 
especially to those who are denied outdoor pleasures — the 
shut-ins, the sick or otherwise unfortunate — who can see a 
garden only through the favor of their friends. 

Nor should we forget the children of the poor. I do not 
expect nor want the rich families of America to convert their 
grounds into public play-gardens. Far from it. I have ad- 
vocated throughout this book the building of hedges and walls 
to enclose their gardens for privacy's sake. But I want to 
make a plea for the little ones who do not know the smell 
of real fresh earth. Many of them do not know what flowers 
are. When you see a street-waif peering through the chinks 
in your garden wall, swing wide your gates and let the little 
fellow in. The real recipe for happiness is to make somebody 
else happy. Try it. 



121 



ENTRANCE GA 

This gateway makes a very impos 
man's estate. It insures privacy and fi 
the same time that the whole property 
It is treated architecturally with the 1 
entrance. The residence itself does no 
is in the far background in the woods, 
trance is a Colorado Blue Spruce. 1 
Thuya Occidentalis. There is a row of 
each side of the avenue leading to the 
covered with Ampelopsis Veitchii climb 




A DUTCH GARDEN 

This subject is a Dutch garden, and is notable chiefly for the 
intensity of its effects. There is absolutely no lawn in it. It con- 
sists entirely of walks and flower-beds, and is correct where many 
cut-flowers are desired, and especially where the area is very 
limited. The garden of Paul de Longpre, in Pasadena, California, 
is of this type. As is well known, Mr. de Longpre is a famous 
painter of flower-forms. 

In judging this garden we must remember that it is only the 
door-step, as it were, and that it is an annex of the house. There 
are acres of lawn in the natural garden beyond the balustrade. 

A pleasing feature of this estate is the rolling character of 
the ground which is so pronounced as to make it virtually a two- 
story garden. The portion in the picture overlooks a deep valley, 
which is itself suturated with ravines and gullies. A number of 
little knolls are covered with trees. 




Plate 174. A Dutch Garden 



122 



3^ 




Plate 



EA'ergreens for Cemeteries 




Plate 17C. A Novel Idea 



OF 



LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



EVERGREENS FOR CEMETERIES 

Evergreens are good landscape material for cemeteries and 
gardens. They seem to diversify the scenery and possess much 
individual beauty. The above view consists of Dwarf Mhugo 
Pine, Thuya Hoveyii, Thuya Siberica, Spruce, White Pine and 
Scotch Pine. The three slender trees in the distance are Thuya 
Pyramidalis. 

There is an article on cemetery landscape gardening on page 
25 which will well repay a careful reading. I have listed in that 
article a number of trees and shrubs suitable for that class of 
gardens, and I make a special appeal to cemetery boards for the 
adoption of softer tones in the decorative planting of burial lots. 



A NOVEL IDEA 

Galvanized iron pipe makes a light, airy, inconspicuous frame- 
work for a rose-arbor. The standards are set in cement, and wires 
are strung between them and over the top cross-bars. The chief 
merit of a frame of this kind is that it costs very little and it is 
almost invisible. A combination of vines and rose-bushes is best. 

One of the finest effects of this class that I ever saw is in a 
small city in Minnesota. It is in a fine pubic park on the banks 
of the Mississippi. There is a pronounced declivity towards the 
water and the ground is terraced in formal lines. Some of the 
walks are covered with an arbor like this and the arbor itself has 
a canopy of the Ampelopsis Quinquefolia. 

In the city of Munich, Germany, there is a very peculiar 
and fantastic use made of this distinctively American climbing 
vine. It is trained on chains. The chains are suspended between 
posts and the sprays hang in graceful festoons. There are many 
beautiful garden scenes around Munich, but few of them impressed 
me more than this simple use of the American Woodbine. As I 
looked upon the well-known vine it gave me a feeling of "home 
at last," like unto that experienced by the returning traveler when 
lie sees again the folds of our sacred flag. 



THB GREENING LAN DSC A 



SCENE SHOWING EFFECT OF PLANTING SHRUBBERY 
BETWEEN SIDEWALK AND STREET 

By the co-operation of all the residents of a street or block, 
the individual expense is light and the effect beautiful. 

Another picture illustrating the idea is shown in Plate 89. It 
is taken from the author's own garden in the city of Monroe, Mich. 
Sheridan Drive in Chicago was made famous by this style of plant- 
ing. As we drive along this beautiful avenue it gives us the im- 
pression of being on a gentleman's private estate rather than on 
a public thoroughfare. The charm is distinctive and gives the 
onlooker a feeling of individual ownership. This is a nice feeling 
to have. 



GRAPE VINES ON A PERGOLA 

The grape vine makes long reaches of new wood every year 
and, with careful pruning it makes a thick growth that is very de- 
sirable for the wings and canopy of a pergola. The wild grape is 
especially fine for this purpose. 

Among all the fruits that tempt the palate and tease the taste 
the grape takes high rank. It has become such a popular favorite 
that an amount almost inconceivble is consumed. And yet few 
people know what a really good grape is, unless they are so fortu- 
nate as to possess their own vines. Fermentation sets in so soon 
after being picked that the original purity is lost long before the 
fruit reaches the consumer. 

Consider how easy it is to grow your own grapes. The vines 
accommodate themselves to the most scanty room. They may be 
trained on the fence or on the side of a building. The roots make their 
way amid rocks, under sidewalks, etc., so that there is no waste of 
space. Think, too, how beautiful is a grape-arbor, how delicious 
the aroma of the grape blossom, and how poetic are the " clustered 
spheres of wit and mirth." Nor must we forget the satisfaction 
that comes to the good housewife as she gathers her own grapes 
and with her own hand makes the wine, which like a blessed bene- 
diction annoints the soul with a thousand sweet delights. 




Plate 178. Grape Vines on ii I'eriaola 



124 THU GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OP LANDSCAPE GARDENING 




Plate 179 



A JAPANESE GARDEN 



In a level country a Japanese garden is very interesting. The senses 
become oppressed with the sameness of flatness, and the delicate art of 
manufacturing scenery diversifies the landscape by introducing miniature 
lakes, rivers, mountains, etc.; and the trees and shrubs are dwarfed by the 
Greening System of summer pruning to preserve a constructive ratio. 
Probably the most elaborate example of a Japanese garden in this country 
is that in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. The above is a design by one 
of my assistants. It is built on ground that was level as a billiard table, 
but by framing it with shrubs and hedges the outside world was shut out 
and a little world of picturesque scenery was created within. There is a 
chain of lakes connected with narrow necks of water, one of which is 
crossed by a small bow-bridge; a floral rockery, covered with Alpine plants, 



between the house and formal garden; a formal garden filled with roses 
and flowering plants; a pergola with Tuscan columns as shown on the 
opposite page; a vegetable garden masked with shrubs; a tea-house of 
rustic construction and furnished with tables and chairs of similar design; 
and a ravine running the full length of the yard. The water is supplied by 
tapping the water-pipe near the entrance to the pergola, where it feeds a 
fountain and cascades down to the lake. The overflow is conducted by a 
little stream to the barn sewer. The sidewalk approaching the house and 
the one from the house to the barn, are of cement; the rest of the walk 
system is of clay gravel as is also the carriage entrance. The shrubs are 
of hardy varieties and give a succession of bloom from earliest spring to 
late fall. Taken altogether this is a very satisfactory garden and it has 
been greatly enjoyed by its owner and his family. 



125 




. //' -3'. 




Plate 180 



This pergola was erected in the Japanese garden shown on the pre- 
ceding page. As it is near the house, which is semi-colonial, the columns 
are of Tuscan design, and the girders and trestle work have molded ends 
to harmonize with them. The columns rest on a concrete foundation, to 



which they are anchored by iron bolts. Ornamental grasses, shrubs and 
paeonies are planted at its base. It leads from the house to an important 
juncture in the walk system, which opens at once into two major features 
of the yard. The scale of the drawing has been reduced. 




Plate IHi 



LAMDSCAPE GARDENING 



TREE SURGERY 

A TREE in good thrift, like a person in good health, is practically 
immune from disease. Hence it is very important that the 
I ground be kept in good mechanical and chemical condition to produce 
growth. Plant food must be added to the soil, preferably in the form 
of animal manure, and, in the case of prolonged drought, water must 
be supplied. 

But in spite of all our care, trees sometime suffer severe me- 
chanical injury, such as the breaking of limbs by windstorms, the 
I rupturing of the bark by horses and, most of all, by improper prun- 
ing. No one should be permitted to prune trees who does not under- 
I stand the aseptic cleansing of wounds caused by pruning and who 
cannot trace the circulation of the sap in the same sense that even 
children can trace the circulation of the blood. The fact remains, 
however, that much pruning is done by " tree butchers " and a great 
deal of mischief results therefrom. 

To remedy this mischief recjuires considerable skill and a thor- 
ough knowledge of vegetable pathology. I have trained on my own 
private estate a number of bright young men in the science of tree 
surgery and the Greening Landscape 
Company is prepared to vmdertake the 
renovation of diseased trees. 

The large cut on this page shows 
an instance where decay followed im- 
proper pruning. A long stub was left 
which naturall}^ could not heal. The 
assimilated sap could not reach it and 
consecjuently no callus was formed over 
the wound. In the course of time the 
stub rotted away, the decay extending 
deeply into the heart of the tree. We 
removed all the dead tissue, and after 
making the cavity chemically clean it 
was filled with a cement preparation 
that is impervious to water. In a few 
years it will heal over and leave no trace 
of injury. The small cut shows the body 
of a maple tree that had received much 
abuse. Our treatment saved it and it 
is now in good thrift. 

Owners of large estates and parks 
are invited to correspond with us. 



YSTEM OF 




Plate 1S2 



THB GRBBNING LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



ill 



MAKING LANDSCAPE PLANS 

a 

SOMETHING for nothing is worth the price — just that and no more. The most 
expensive things that we get are those that are exchanged for thanks. Modern busi- 
ness ethics are based on equity — \'alue for value. 

The making of an artistic landscape plan requires the expenditure of vital energy, of 
thought force, of mental caloric, of constructive skill, of synthetic talent, and of that strange 
unit we call love. A beautiful garden is born of love. 

And so I do not pretend to make elaborate landscape plans for nothing. My staff of 
assistants comprises some of the very best garden artists in the world, and naturally I must 
pay them well, unlike many firms employ boys and young academecians who need prac- 

tice in drawing. My designers are thoroughly experienced — many of them gray-haired 
veterans — all ha\'e passed the academic stage ; and they are not in competition with novices 
or inexperienced men in class B. 

But that anyone who has a bona fide intention of improving 
his grounds may have the benefi of our services, we will make 
SPECIAL OFFER sketches of small properties for a nominal fee of five dollars the 

same to be refunded when the order for stock amounts to $25.00 
or more. In the case of parks, cemeteries and large estates where the services of an 
engineer are required to take measurements and make topographical surveys, a moderate fee 
will be charged for that work. Our mapping department is fully equipped with every 
known engineering device for doing accurate work. On very rolling land, where grades 
must be adjusted for roadways and on comparatively level land, where a drainage sys- 
tem must be installed, their services are indispensable. Instruments of precision are very 
costl}^, and our outlay for this equipment represents a small fortune in itself ; but large and 
complicated landscape propositions recjuire their use for accurate operations. On one occa- 
sion we discovered a spring on land sufficiently elevated to give a gravity water service that 
was worth thousands of dollars to its owner. 




Plate 183 



Instructions for Measuring a Lot Intended for Landscape Improvement 



The accuracy of our plan depends 

Lot Measurement — Draw a sketch of lot on a large piece of blank 
paper, marking the exact size of the lot on all sides, and the directions 
north, south, east and west. Or better still, write for our profile sheet. 

Street Measurement — Include in sketch width of sidewalk and street; 
also distance from sidewalk to street curb. Mark position of all shade 
trees in street. 

Building Measurements — Draw a diagram of all buildings as accurately 
as possible, giving measurements in feet all around the building, also dis- 
tances between cellar windows and doors. Give size of porches and steps, 
height of porch to ground; spaces between walks and buildings; exact dis- 
tance from from property line to buildings on all sides. 

Walks and Drives — Give measurements of all walks and drives with 
distances to buildings and property line. State whether gravel, cement or 
wood. 



on information supplied. 

Trees, Plants and Flower Beds — Alark position of all trees, groups of 
shrubs, vines, flower beds and hedges, etc., already existing on the property, 
giving size and variety as near as possible. 

Front and Back Yard — Give depth of front and back yard from street; 
also dimensions of vegetable garden. State whether back yard is to be 
used for vegetables and fruit, or lawn, with trees and shrub border. 

Please give information on the following. 

Kind of soil City or country Private or public property Fall or 

spring planting Class of landscape work wanted, whether an elaborate 

job, complete in all respects, a medium-priced job, or one of very moderate 

cost The amount you are willing to spend for a good job Name, 

address and business. 

Please give all information possible and make suggestions as to changes 
desired — respecially regarding the style of garden that you like. Refer to 
plate numbers in this book. 



128 



THB GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OP LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



A FACT TO REMEMBER 



A MODERN house costs a great deal of money, and 
much of the cost is incurred for beauty's sake. And 
it is money weh spent. It is human nature — and the best 
type of human nature — to hke l^eautiful surroundings. 
A large portion of the expenditure on a house is devoted 
to the little graces of ornamentation that are the very 
yeast of life — a frieze here, a moulding there, a higher 
polish everywhere. These are the things that ennoble 
life, that give a sparkle to the eye and shape a smile upon 
the lip. 

And yet many people who are very particular about 
the finish of a house and its interior appointments are 
utterly indifferent to the outlook from their windows. 
They spend, as a matter of course, considerable money 
for pictures to hang on their walls — usually of someone 
else's pictured home — never once thinking that a small 
investment will make a living picture of their own homes. 
And the amazing thing is that many otherwise progres- 
sive and well-intentioned people take that point of view. 

As a matter of fact, one-half of the money we spend 
on our houses is for beauty. The other half would erect 
the same four warm walls and the same roof but without 
the Queen-Annie knicknacks of ornamentation. But we 
go further than this. We like to have beautiful walls 
and beautiful pictures on them. An earthen floor would 
do but we prefer polished hardwood. And all this art 
has come about because our souls can see ; for art is but 
beauty seen with the eye of the soul. Those who see no 
beauty in anything have no soul. 

At what point shall we cease our expenditures for 
beauty ? Having spent 50 per cent, extra on the house 
itself, would an outlay of 5 per cent, on the grounds be 
extravagant ? 

And know you this, that the garden will grow into 
greater beauty and value year by year. It is the only 
investment that will continue to appreciate, whilst the 
house and all its appointments begin to wear away as 
soon as they are used. The same sun and the same rain 
that cause the house to deteriorate and finally disintegrate 
are the warden's dearest friends. 




Plate 184 

RESIDENCE OF PAUL DE LONGPRE - 

The World's Greatest Painter of Flower-Forms, Los Angeles, California 

The architecture of Los Angeles — especially in the residence portion of the city — 
is picturesque, but with few exceptions not ostentatious. The most beautiful house 
is that of Paul de Longpre, the king of flower painters, as he has often been called. 
It is a Moorish villa, surrounded by a most beautiful garden. Mrs. John A. Logan, 
while attending the Congress of Mothers in California, visited this delightful spot, 
and pronounced it a veritable Garden of Eden. In his letter transmitting the above 
photograph to me, dated August 15, 1910, and writtten in French, Mr. de Longpre says: 

" I send you the most recent photo taken of my garden, which is nearly three 
acres in extent, being 500 feet wide by 200 feet deep. The foreground is filled with 
white daisies and roses of every tint. Wishing you much success, I remain," 



Detroit, Mich., August 23, 1910. 

Dear Mr. Greening: — I want to write you a few words of appreciation for the 
landscape work you did for me last spring. 

It has been a s.ource of much pleasure to nie to watch all season the wonderful 
growth and transformation of the hare ground about my home to a beautiful garden 
of flowers and shrubbery. I am glad also that I left the selection and planting entirely 
in your hands. It certainly reflects great credit on you and your firm. 1 shall alwaj'S 
be an enthusiastic booster for you whenever I get the chance. ^^'illiam Born. 



129 



HOU5B OF DAVID °' GAR^DEM OF EDFN 

GR^EENIRG ]HUK5ERy CO BE-MTOM HftKBOR^ 
MOMK.OEMICrt AAlCn 
^^"i2^T.5.„i\!^!'.hl!£5l.'L.^^...^..^^^ ^.A'r.^lf^X/.ilL. 




I? " h h 



Plate 1S5 



Designed and furnished by my company. Over 18,000 trees, roses, evergreens, shrubs and perennials were used in this park The plan contains 
both formal and informal features, and the actual work of planting was done by the people themselves, a fact which testifies to the simplicity, fullness 
and accuracy of our detail drawings. Anyone can do his own planting from our working plans. We also give full instructions for maintenance. 



Landscape Work Comprising over 20,000 Trees and Plants 

Benton Harbor, Alich., June 27, 1908. 
We are pleased to inform you that the plans and specifications furnished 
by you for our 25 -acre House of David Park, also the nursery stock you 
furnished for same, have proven most satisfactory. 

We appreciate the artistic effects of landscape architecture you have 
created on our grounds, and feel grateful for the care and attention you 
have given our work. Your comprehensive instructions, plans and specifica- 
tions made it possible for us to do all our own planting without difficulty. 

Yours truly, 

Israelite House of David, 

Per M. S. Tyler, Pres. 



Carey City Park Board Well Pleased 

Carey, Ohio, May 25, 1909. 
In compliance with your request as to how we are pleased with your 
nursery stock furnished for our waterworks park, and the manner in which 
the planting and platting was done, will say that we are highly pleased 
with it. The stock is all growing nicely. Your plat and planting was done 
in a workmanlike manner and we are perfectly satisfied. 

The Board of Trustees of Public Affairs. 
A. J. Frederick, 
Jacob Stief, 
E. D. Moore, 



130 





P LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



AIR AND SUN CURE 

The accompanying plan contemplates the introduction of 
many European features, combining the merits of the great 
spas of Germany with those of the Mt. Clemens mineral baths. 
The property comprises 335 acres and gives ample room for 
golf links, river drive, park boulevard, athletic grounds, sun 
parlors, etc. Of late years it has come to be recognized that 
air and light are great healing agents and the grounds are 
planned for those who like outdoor life and who wish to par- 
ticipate in field sports — tennis, croquet, cricket, baseball, etc., 
whilst the long drives give ample opportunity for horse-back 
riding, automobiling, and the like. This project is still in the 
cocoon, awaiting funds to carry it out. My millionaire readers 
who wish to make an investment of this kind will please write 
for particulars. 



My Garden is a Grand Success. You Deserve Great Credit 

You will undoubtedly be glad to hear that my garden is a 
grand success. I congratulate myself for heeding your solicita- 
tion and for placing my contract with your firm. Now, after 
the work is completed, I can better appreciate your work and 
artistic ideas of landscape work. I can also see that it would 
have been a mistake for me to place the work in the hands of 
less experienced landscape architects who fvrrnished my original 
plan. You deserve great credit for the careful study you are 
giving to aid those who would make their home grounds and 
gardens more beautiful. 

Chas. W. Kuehl, Saginaw, Mich. 



A MODEL FARMYARD 

A farmhouse should be separated from the fields. It always 
gives it an artistic finish to frame it up with hedges and soften 
the corners with groups of shrubs. The foundation walls of the 
buildings should also be toned down to a natural look by the 
use of shrubs. These things are just as necessary in the coun- 
try as they are in the city; but on account of the natural 
features predominating to a great extent it gives a pleasing 
variety to prune many plants in formal shape. This property 
contains a tennis-court, which is simply outlined with lime on 
the grass. Tennis is a game in which the ladies can participate 
and it gives good enjoyment to the household. I do not recom- 
mend courts for city lots, however, as they encroach consid- 
erably on the lawn, at the same time that there is no real need 
for them. City people have tennis-courts at their country club. 



131 



PRC HA an 



A MODEL COUNTRY HOME ILLUSTRATING THE 
GREENING SYSTEM 

This plan was made for Mr. John Gibson, secretary of the 
Western Michigan Development Bureau, and it worked out very 
satisfactorily. A hedge surrounds the entire yard and gives a 
beautiful effect from the outside. On the two sides and at the 
back there are composite groups of shrubs to frame up the lawn 
more artistically. The shrubbery details near the house and the 
little grove in the background are very pleasing, whilst border- 
ing the walk and drive Maple-trees supply ample shade. In the 
far background is the old-fashioned flower garden with arches 
of rose-bushes over the entrances. The Michigan Agricultural 
College uses this plan for class instruction and recommends it 
as a model country home. 



Out of Two Thousand, Less than Twenty-five Dead 

Grosse Isle, Mich., May 27, 1909. 
I hand you herewith my check for landscape work around 
my home, done last fall. In carefully looking over the trees 
and shrubbery you planted last fall, I am glad to report that all 
seem to be in healthy growing condition. Out of the 2,000 
trees and plants I do not believe there are over twenty-five 
plants altogether that are not living. Altogether I am very 
well pleased with the work you have done for me and especially 
the way the things are starting to grow this spring notwith- 
standing the backward condition. 

Yours very truly, 

C. R. Cook. 




FA R M 



Platc 188. A Model Couufrj- Home 



9^ 



FAMILY FRUIT GARDEN 

Fruit is the elixir of life. It is a food fit for the gods. 
When Ponce de Leon made his famous quest in the Southland 
he was really looking for fruit! But he did not know that the 
best fruits are grown in the temporate zone. It is a scientific 
fact that the farther north a given fruit can be grown the better 
is its color and flavor — the Michigan apple, for instance. I 
believe that fruit growing, strictly followed according to the 
Greening System of Orcharding, is the best form of investment 
that can be made to-day. My booklet, "FORTUNE IN FRUIT 
FARMING" proves this beyond a doubt. \A^rite for it. It is 
free. 

But aside from growing fruit as a business proposition there 
is much pleasure and some profit in the family fruit garden. 
The accompanying plan shows a good assortment for a family. 
No. 1 represents a row of grape vines; No. 2, currant bushes; 
No. 3, gooseberries; No. 4, red raspberries; No. 5, black rasp- 
berries; No. 6, blackberries; No. 7, six miscellaneous fruit and 
nut trees, like Mulberry, Apricot, Japan Walnut, Burbank Plum, 
French Pear, and a budded Chestnut; No. 8, six Pear trees. No. 
9, six Plum trees; No. 10, six Peach trees; No. 11, six Cherry 
trees. The four trees near the driveway leading to the garage 
are Apple trees. 




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Plate 189. Family Friiit Garden 



132 THE, GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



FORMULAS FOR DESTROYING INSECTS 



INSECTS are of two kinds, those that chew the fohage and those 
that suck the sap with tube-hke mouth parts. In general the 
the former are destroyed by poisons, and the latter by caustics, such 
as kerosene or soap preparations. Some of the latter class can 
also be despatched by suffocation, either with gases or insect 
powders. 

AngIvE Worms. — Dissolve in one gallon of water a piece of 
lime the size of an egg. When settled draw off clear water from 
top and drench the soil with it. 

Aphides, Plant Lice or GrEEn Fly. — This is a minute 
greenish insect that feeds on the tender part of plants. Reme- 
dies : heavy spraying with cold water; hot water about 125 de- 
grees; whale oil soap emulsion; kerosene emulsion; tobacco water; 
tobacco dust; tobacco stems on ground in early spring; in window 
gardens, Persian insect powder ; snuff. 

San Jose Scale. — A scale insect, chiefly on succulent shoots 
of fruit trees, generally round, rarely elongated, 1-16 to 1-8 inches 
in diameter, grayish white in color, very dangerous. If tree is 
badly infected pull up and burn. If discovered early apply kero- 
sene emulsion, or whale oil soap, 2 pounds to 1 gallon water. Be 
thorough in application. Later use lime-sulphur solution. 

Gipsy-Moth. — Came from Europe in 1869, and is very de- 
structive to elms. So far confined mostly to Massachusetts, where 
enormous sums have been spent in combating it, but it is feared 
that it will become a serious general pest. Spray with arsenate 
of lead as soon as caterpillars hatch in the spring. 

Sow Bug. — A dull brown bug about size and shape of coffee 
bean, prevalent in stiff soil and around and under decaying wood. 
Burrows in the ground to eat the succulent roots of plants. Indoor 
cultivators encircle their beds or benches with strips of about 40 
parts sugar to one of Paris green. In the open, scrape some of 
the dirt away from the roots of plants attacked by these bugs and 
put in a handful or two of tobacco dust or soft coal soot, covering- 
it over with earth. 

Tussock Moth. — Larva is a bright yellow and red cater- 
pillar with tufts of hair at l:)oth ends. Attacks shade trees, par- 
ticularly horse-chestnuts, during June. The first brood spins co- 
coons, which mature early in July, and deposit glistening white, 
frothy masses of eggs. Most effective remedy is to spray with 



arsenites early in June. This prevents the wingless females from 
entering- the tree and laying eggs. Cocoons and eggs should be 
burned whenever found, but it is hard to find them all. 

Fungous Diseases. — The fungi which appear as spots on 
leaves, like blights and mildews, may be overcome by the applica- 
tion of fungicides, such as Bordeaux mixture, Eau Celeste, am- 
moniated copper, or lime-sulphur solution. Germ diseases of 
plants have no practical remedies. When such appear, as they 
very rarely do, the plants must be pulled up and burned. As 
Bordeaux mixture is in the nature of a whitewash, it discolors the 
foliage, consequently Eau Celeste, or lime-sulphur solution is often 
preferable. 

KEROSENE EMULSION — HOW TO MAKE IT 

Dissolve one-half pound of hard soap in one gallon of boiling- 
water; remove from stove and add to this solution two gallons of 
kerosene, stirring it violently at the same time until it forms a 
creamy mass. The best way is to use a force pump with a rather 
small nozzle, and churn the substance back into, the same vessel. 
It will thicken into a jelly-like substance on cooling and will keep 
indefinitely. This forms a stock solution that must be diluted 
before using. Use one part emulsion to fifteen parts of water. 

ARSENITES — HOW TO MIX THEM 

Arsenic is a stomach poison and is used against all insects that 
chew the foliage or young wood. Arsenate of lead is best. Mix 
one pound with 20 gallons of water. If Paris green or London 
purple is used, mix at the rate of one pound to 200 gallons of water. 

CAUTION 

Spraying does not mean sprinkling. To be effective the solu- 
tions must be applied in a fine fog-like spray. L^se a powerful 
spray-pump fitted with a fine nozzle or atomizer. 

GUARANTEE 

The above formulas are guaranteed not to do any good if the}' 
are not applied. But they are effective when properly used. 



133 



The Greening System of Pruning 
Hardy Trees and Shrubs 
for Formal Effects 

0 

THIS idea came to me some years ago, whilst meditating in a 
contemplative mood on the marvelous achievements of the 
Japanese in dwarfing the maple and cherry trees by severe pruning, 
and the reflection was forced upon my mind that their great beauty 
and variety of foliage forms and colors were incidental results, all 
traceable to a fundamental law or fact in nature ; so that my method 
may be said to be an American adaptation of the Japanese idea, 
but so far as its application to American conditions is concerned 
I was its first advocate in this countr}^ 

M)' claim for it is two-fold. First, 
MY CLAIM it enlarges the scope of formal effects ; 

IS TWO-FOLD for by its use many shrubs that are 

naturally loose and open are made com- 
pact, and a group of them sheared to some regular outline is very 
effective in a formal garden. Also for street planting, or yards 
open to the street, where evergreens cannot be used on account of 
the injury they sustain from dogs, my system of pruning makes 
of ordinary shrubs a good substitute for the formal effects of ever- 
greens. And, furthermore, in a small yard where the free and 
flowing lines of a natural garden are impracticable, and where 
the treatment is largely architectural, the foundation lines of a 
house may be treated in the same way and a beautiful banking 
of shrubs can be used, where a natural, untrimmed growth would 
look disheveled or out of place altogether. Thus it will be seen 
that in this respect alone my method increases by three-fold the 
practical uses of shrubs in American gardens. 

My second claim is this : Ordinary winter pruning is merely 
correcti\T. Summer pruning is directive and formative. To 
deprive a tree or shrub of one-half its foliage in the early summer 
is the most severe disciplinary training to which it can be sub- 
jected; and the natural effort at readjustment of the sap pressure 
results in added beauties of color to the foliage and the formation 
of a greater amount of young lateral branches. 

The object then, of summer pruning 
THE ORJECT OF is to make the shrubs grow into a solid 

SUMMER PRUNING mass, which harmonizes with the general 

scheme of a formal garden and the 
architectural lines of a small property, as well as to make a substi- 




Plate 190 



HOW TO PRUNE THE SILVER MAPLE 

The Silver Maple is a very fast-growing tree, but as the wood is some- 
what brash and liable to split, it should be headed back for several years 
after planting, by trimming off about a third of the previous year's growth. 
This makes a strong and compact crown. The pruning should be done 
the latter part of May or early June, when there will be no danger from 
bleeding. This pruning season applies to all Maples. 

tute for evergreens wliei'e they are not practicable. As an inci- 
dental result the beauty of the foliage is increased and intensive 
color schemes are made possible. 

Having in mind the securing of this compact form the shrubs 
should be cut low at the time of planting, at least to one-half their 
height. This forces them to form branches near the ground and 
thus keeps them dense and compact. In the spring of the second 
year all the leading branches should be cut back about one-third ; 
and again in early June. This checks the upward growth and 
causes lateral branches to form, thus securing a compact hedge 
efifect. During the third year the same idea should be carried 



134 



THE GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 




Plate 191. Deutzia Gracilis .Sho^viuj; Greeuiu^^ Metliotl of Suiiuiiei" Pruuin;; 




l'l;i(<- I'.yz. 'J'lu- 4;refiiiiiK Mc'IIkmI <»!' Pi-iiiiiiiK lor Formal ElVfet 



DEUTZIA GRACILIS 

The Deutzia Gracilis is free-growing and stands trimming 
in formal shapes. This is a group of twenty plants in an oval 
bed and made compact and regular by shearing. The tree in 
the picture is a Camperdown Elm, which forms an umbrella- 
like top and makes a nice "playhouse" for children. This is a 
scene in Greening Park. 




out with the addition of one or two extra prunings during 
the summer. By this time a very compact growth will 
ha.ye been secured which will not be difficult to maintain. 
If desired many beautiful color arrangements can be 
made, the colors to merge or be separated in terraces or 
steps. Summer pruning always gives better color to the 
foliage. 

If we take a broad survey 
A SURVEY of life we find that all nature 

OF LIFE is under the domain of the 

same law. Jn the oyster and 
mussel, pearls are formed as the result of irritation by a 
grain of sand, the exudation that forms a pearl being the 
effort of nature to correct abnormal conditions. Cocoa- 
nut pearls, found in Cocoanut trees in the Philippines, 
result from the trees being out of their normal condition. 
Flowers need to be crushed before they give forth all 
their perfume. Shelley says of some poets that they 

"Are cradled into poetry by wrong; 
They learn in suffering what they teach in song." 



THE GREENING METHOD OF PRUNING FOR FORMAL 

EFFECT 

Another view of the Deutzia Gracilis taken from the oppo- 
site direction, showing compact formal effect produced by the 
Greening method of pruning. 



THE GREENING LANDSC 



ATTRACTIVE FRONT LAWN TREATMENT 

On small grounds it is impossible to grow large groups of 
shrubs in natural colonies, and a much better effect is obtained 
by close pruning to formal lines, conforming with but slightly 
modifying the lines of the house. This formal effect can be 
obtained only by the Greening method of spring and summer 
pruning. The above shows an avenue of medium-sized properties, 
all treated in the same way, and it has a peculiar nobility of tone 
that distinguishes it from the ordinary. Only two varieties of 
shrubs were used, Spirasa Van Houttei next to the house, planted 
two and one-half feet apart, and Deutzia Gracilis as a trimmer 
for the front border, planted two feet apart. Berberis Thunbergii 
may be used instead of the last named. 



It is said that the goldfinch sings the most sweetly 
when suffering physical pain and that the swan sings 
only once — just before dying; from which someone has 
made the lines, — 

"Swans sing before they die: 'twere no bad thing- 
Did certain persons die before they sing." 

The beauty of color itself is but the interception and 
reflection of certain rays of light. 

" From thwarted light leaps color's flame." 
"The stream, impeded, breaks in song." 
" Obstruction is but Virtue's foil." 

Beethoven said of Rossini that he had the talent in 
him to have become a great musician, if he had only been 
well disciplined when a boy ; but he was spoiled by the 
easy abandon of a Bohemian life. 

My system of summer pruning checks the Bohemian 
instincts of shrubs — keeps them within the bounds of 
good behavior — and disciplines them to their highest 
possibilities of beauty in form and color. 



SHRUBBERY GROUP WITH COLOR EFFECT 

This is a bed of hardy shrubs containing three distinct colors 
of foliage. The front row is Corchorus, variegated silver-leaf; 
the next Golden Syringa, a nice creamy mottled yellow; and the 
back row, Deutzia Gracilis, with green foliage. All three varie- 
ties blossom freely. This bed is in the writer's own garden, at 
the entrance to Greening's Big Nurseries. This formal effect is 
in good taste in the vicinity of buildings where the surroundings 
are strongly architectural, as in the present instance. The tree 
is a Norway Maple. 




Plate li)4. Slirubbery Ciirouy -jvitli Color lill'ect 




Plate 196. A Banking of lied Snovvberry to Soften the A rcliitecture and Naturalize the Houi 



F LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



STRONG PRIVET HEDGE 

Here is illustrated a style of hedge formed by the Greening 
method of summer pruning. At certain fixed distances clusters 
of shrubs are planted and sheared like the head of a post. The 
Privet hedge plant is easily managed in this way, but the method 
is equally applicable to evergreen hedges, especially of the Thuya 
Occidentalis, also known as the American Arbor Vitae. This is 
one of the best uses of the Greening method and, taken in con- 
nection with the five illustrations immediately preceding this, 
and the three immediately following, it gives a good idea of its 
various applications. 




HOLY CROSS CEMETERY 

Detroit, Mich., July 24, 1909. 
Greening Landscape Co., Monroe, Mich. 

Gentlemen: — It affords us great pleasure to inform you that 
the landscape work which your firm did for the Holy Cross Ceme- 
tery, in this city, about two and one-half years ago, is now showing 
the result of your artistic taste and conscientious labor in this line 
of work. 

Up to this time the loss out of nearly 18,000 trees, shrubs 
and plants has been comparatively small, which we believe is 
due to the timely instructions given us as to care and pruning, 
these instructions and directions having been given without 
solicitation or charge. 

We wish to thank you in particular for the personal interest 
taken by your Mr. Chas. Greening in making frequent visits to 
the cemetery for the purpose of personally seeing to it that the 
trees and plants received proper treatment. 

The planting and landscape work of our cemetery was left 
in your charge to do as you thought best, and the ground com- 
mittee to whom your proposed plans were submitted recom- 
mended the acceptance of same, and we are glad to say that the 
part of the work done by your company has produced results 
equal to if not beyond our expectations. We believe that as the 
years roll by, and the natural growth which is bound to take 
place in the trees and shrubs planted, they will afford and furnish 
full testimony of the wisdom and the artistic manner in which 
you have planned the grounds which at the time of planting were 
rough and unsightly. Thus you have by such planting laid the 
foundation for a beautiful and pleasing scene of luxuriant verdure 
and color blending. 

Very truly yours, 

Fred J. B. Sevald, 

Secretary and Treasurer. 




A BANKING OF RED SNOWBERRY TO SOFTEN THE 
ARCHITECTURE AND NATURALIZE THE HOUSE 

This is a banking of Red Snowberry planted 30 inches apart 
on the north side of a house. This shrub has a graceful droop- 
ing habit and has ropes of red berries in the fall and winter. It 
does well in the shade and is well adapted for banking. 



THE GREBNING LAN DSC 



FORMAL GROUP SHOWING FINE COLOR EFFECT 

The umbrella-shaped tree is a Catalpa Bungei or Umbrella- 
Tree. Planted on each side of a walk or driveway it gives a 
dignified and stately tone to an approach. The oval group of 
shrubs is very attractive in that location. It contains three dis- 
tinct and pronounced colors of foliage. The middle section is 
Symphoricarpus Rubra, commonly called Indian Currant. This 
has green foliage. At one end is a colony of Purple Barberry, 
with an intense coppery tinge of purple; at the other end is a 
group of Golden-leaved Syringa. To obtain this effect, summer 
pruning is necessary. 

BOARD OF EDUCATION 

Hillsdale, Mich., August 23, 1910. 
Mr. Chas. E. Greening, Monroe, Mich. 

Dear Sir: — The trees and shrubs you planted for us in No- 
vember, 1909, are doing nicely, and although we expected to get 
but little good out of them the iifst year, yet the places where 
they have been planted are the beauty spots of the town, and 
the elegant appearance of the school grounds has attracted the 
attention of nearly every stranger who comes here. I would not 
have thought it possible to make such a change in the appearance 
of school grounds as has been accomplished in the past year. 

Another thing that has been especially noticeable is the fact 
that at all the buildings the pupils have shown a pride in the 
appearances of the grounds and instead of being destructive, as 
we feared, they have rather aided in keeping the grounds in a 
neat condition. 

The teachers find the combination of shrubs a help in their 
Nature studies. As you know we have a course in Agriculture, 
and the instructor has used the shrubs to furnish examples in 
layering and other things relating to the technique of plant 
growth, and to illustrate the value of insecticides and the use of 
sprays. 

This being a town which has no public parks, the town 
itself being a park, the school grounds have been parks and all 
during the vacation weeks there are lots of visitors who show 
the greatest interest in the beautifying of the grounds, although 
not otherwise interested in the schools. 

Taking it all-in-all, I think it was one of the best investments 
we ever made when we got you to make out a plan for beautify- 
ing the school grounds, as the beauty grows from year to year, 
and by having a plan for the work it make no difference whether 
the membership of the board changes every year or not. The 
work can be continued each year, or, if circumstances require, 
some work can be done one year and continued after a lapse of 
several years, as your way of doing the work by groups makes it 
possible to do a little at a time and always have something that 
shows up well. Very truly yours 

Bion Whelan, 
Secretary Board of Education. 




SHADY CORNER NEAR FRONT PORCH 

In this instance a happy combination of colors was obtained 
by using Corchorus Variegated, a low-growing silver-leavfid shrub, 
for the first row, and Philadelphus Aurea, a golden-leaved shrub 
of medium growth, for the back row near the porch. The effect 
illustrated is gained by the Greening method of summer pruning. 




Plate 198. Shady Corner Near Front Porch 



138 





Plate 199 



AN IMPROVED FARM HOME 



This cut shows the scenic beauty of a country place developed artis- 
tically. It will be seen that large areas of well-kept lawn invite the eye 
in every direction, and trees and flowering shrubs — the happy home of 
birds — create a picture as quiet and restful as a mother's croon — a lullaby 
for tired souls. 



Fig. 1 shows boundary planting to shut out neighboring buildings; 
Fig. 2, a geyser fountain at the back of the house; Fig. 3, the stable and 
its screen of trees and flowers; Fig. 4, the residence with open lawn; Fig. 
5, the tool-house surrounded with shrubs; Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9 are good 
examples of massing and border planting of shrubbery. 



THE GREENING LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



139 



I INVITE 



1 INVITE anyone who loves trees and plants — and 
I hope that includes everybody — to visit my gardens 
and the Greening Nurseries. 

I INVITE, especially, students from the Agricul- 
tural Colleges to come and study with me " Nature's 
infinite book of secrecy," and mayhap we shall solve 
some of her mysteries. 

I INVITE the superintendents of parks and ceme- 
teries who, above all men, are interested in landscape 
design and construction, to come and sit in the shade of 
my trees, and command my personal services, or those 
of my able assistants, for any information they may 
desire. 

I INVITE park and cemetery commissioners to 
come on a junket to Greeniiig's Big Nurseries and learn 
all about the Greening methods of soil renovation and 
plant propagation, and I guarantee they will gather 
many ideas that will benefit them in their work. I do 
not like the use of the word junket, but it will have to 
do until Era Elbertus coins one to take its place. Its 
original meaning has been perverted to such a degree 
by the abuse of its privileges that, at present, it has a 
savor of champagne, jack-pots and chorus-girls. For 
instance it is not unusual for the park commission of a 
small city to go on a junket to a big city to get infor- 
mation on the construction and management of public 
playgrounds, and after counting the teeth of the ostrich 
in the park and seeing the sights under the guidance 
and chaperonage of a ''good fellow," the members return 
home looking wise as owls. At the same time they neglect to 
visit the nursery, which is the very source and fountain-head of all 
park impro\'ements. 

I INVITE the council members of towns and villages that 
have no park boards to come and spend a day with me, or to ap- 
point a delegation to do so, and I guarantee they will find it a day 
well spent. 

I INVITE farmers who wish to beautify their home grounds 
or set out large orchards to make a pilgrimage to Monroe and 
attend some of the Greening lectures on soil renovation, art gar- 
dening and plant propagation. 

I INVITE superintendents of schools and other educators 
who wish to add botanical gardens to their teaching helps and to 
beautify their school grounds to come and spend a day with me 
and learn in detail what educators of the old world have accom- 
plished in this line of study, and how the same results may be 




Plate 200 

ORNAMENTAL PRIVET ARCH 

This is an entrance to a formal garden, but the feature of the picture is the 
rustic gate and arch of Privet. The plants near the gate were permitted to grow tall 
and their tops "plashed" in the same way that farm hedges are "plashed" to produce 
a dense growth. This is a very unusual use of the method, but it shows the possi- 
bilities of Privet as a hedge plant. 



attained in America. European gardeners are always in demand; 
why not produce men of equal proficiency in this country? 

I INVITE the owners of large estates whose interest in trees 
is of the jEsthetic kind to visit my grounds and study the wonder- 
ful color harmonies that exist in the flowers and foliage of trees 
and shrubs ; and to learn the infinite variety of hardy plants that 
winter outdoors without harm, and make permanent gardens. 

I INVITE automobile tourists, as they journey through the 
country, to take a spin through my grounds and relieve the tedium 
of travel by a study of flowers that will benefit them when they 
return home. 

I INVITE all lovers of the beautiful — the genial comrades of 
nature — all those whose souls have wings, and who can soar to 
the heights of ecstasy — to come and take with me a walk afield 
and learn from nature's lips the chemistry of colors and the for- 
mula of flowers! 



140 



Ornamental Trees for Avenues, Parks and Gardens 

AS frequent reference has been made throughout this book to many varieties of trees, shrubs, roses, 
etc., a full description of them will be of great service to the reader in making his planting-list. 
The varieties herein described are fairly representative of the growing stock at the Greening Nurseries, 
which is not intended as a botanical museum of all known plants, but rather as a comprehensive list 
of all that are dependable. By the exercise of much care we have selected only the varieties that are 
best fitted to thrive in the severe climatic conditions of the Middle West and North Central States. 



Upright Deciduous Trees 

This class includes all shade and ornamental 
trees that shed their leaves in the fall. 

ACER^MAPLE 

Trees of this group are hardy .vigorous, adapt- 
able to many soils, free from diseases, easily trans- 
planted, regular in outline and beautiful in leaf. 
Nearly all are brilliantly colored in fall, especially 
the North American species. 

Campestre (European Cork Maple) — Rather a 
sinall tree, with dark, dull green leaves, fading 
to brown and yellow. Has corky ridges on the 
branches. Very interesting when grown as a 
large shrub. 

Dasycarpum (Silver Maple) — Of quicker growth 
than most trees, and valuable where immediate 
shade is reciuired. Forms a large spreading 
head; the fine leaves are silvery beneath. Grows 
over 100 feet high. 

Var. Wieri laciniatum (Wier's Cut-leaved Silver 
Maple) — A very beautiful specimen tree, with 
delicately cut leaves and distinct, half-drooping 
habit. The leader grows rapidly upright, the 
slender lateral branches curve gracefully down- 
ward. Of noble proportions when undisturbed, 
yet patient under considerable pruning. 

Pseudo-platanus (European Sycamore Maple) — A 
broad, handsome tree of medium size, rarely 
over 60 feet high, with larger, darker leaves 
than other Maples. Casts a dense, cool shade. 

Saccharum (Sugar or Rock Maple) — This tree is 
chieftain of its kind, straight, spreading, sym- 
metrical, of grand proportions, often 120 feet in 
height, and longer-lived than most men who 
plant it. It grows well in all except damp, 
soggy soils, and roots deeply, allowing the grass 
to grow closely about its trunk. Its leaves have 
very rich autumn tints of clear yellow and 
scarlet. 




ACER SACCHARUM (Sugar Maple) 



Negundo (Ash-leaved Maple; Box Elder) — This 
species is easily distinguished by its pinnate 
leaves and greenish yellow bark. It grows rap- 
idly into a large, spreading tree, 70 feet high, 
found valuable for planting timber claims, 
shelter-belts, etc., in the West, where it endures 
both drought and cold. 

Platanoides (Norway Maple) — A handsome tree, 
of large, fairly rapid growth, 80 to 100 feet, 
forming a dense, rounded head of strong 
branches and broad, deep green leaves. Sturdy, 
compact, vigorous, it is one of the very best 
trees for lawns, parks and gardens. 

Schwedleri — The Purple Norway Maple's beauti- 
ful leaves attract attention at all seasons, but 
are especially fine in spring, when their gleaming- 



red and purple contrasts brightly with the deli- 
cate green of other trees. In midsummer they 
are purplish green, in autumn golden yellow. 
Grows to 80 feet. 

Polymorphum (Japanese Maples) — These are the 
most delicately beautiful of small exotic trees. 
The more vigorous types like Atropurpureum, 
Dissectum and Ornatum, are hardy even in New 
England; the variegated types are only variably 
hardy. In some varieties the leaves are ex- 
quisitely cut and bright-colored only in spring 
and fall; others are deep blood-red or golden 
yellow all the season. 

AESCULUS (Horse-Chestnut) 

Hippocastanum (European White - Flowering 
Horse-Chestnut) — A large tree, 40 to 60 feet 
tall, of regular outline, spangled in May with 
great upright spikes of white and red flowers. 
Has no superior as a specimen flowering tree. 

Rubicunda (Red Flowering Horse-Chestnut) — A 
somewhat smaller tree, rarely over 30 feet, with 
darker leaves and splendid flower-spikes open- 
ing a little later. Fine for contrasting with the 
white-flowered. 

AILANTUS 
(Celestial Tree — Tree of Heaven) 
Glandulosa — An extremely quick-growing tree; 
60 feet tall and tropical looking, with pinnate, 
palm-like leaves. Valuable because it thrives in 
smoky cities and in soils where other trees 
perish. 

ALNUS (Alder) 
Glutinosa (European, or Common Alder) — 
Foliage roundish, wedge-shaped, wavy. Re- 
markably quick in growth; 30 to 60 feet high. 

Laciniata Imperialis (Imperial Cut-leaved Alder) 
— Of stately, graceful habit, 30 to 60 feet high, 
with large and deep-cut foliage. Vigorous and 
perfectly hardy. A grand la-wn tree. 



THB GREENING LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



ARALIA (Angelica Tree) 
Spinosa (Hercules' Club) — A showy native, with 
broad, handsomely cut leaves and huge clusters 
of small white flowers in July. Its winter effect 
is unique and handsome. Grows to 30 or 40 
feet high. 

BETULA (Birch) 
Alba (European White Birch) — This is the famous 
Birch of literature, poetically called "The Tady 
of the Woods," growing sometimes 80 feet high. 
Quite erect when young, its branches begin to 
droop gracefully with age. Its bark is snow- 
white, and very effective in landscape views, 
especially if grown in front of a background of 
dark evergreens. 

Var. atropurpurea (Purple Birch) — A handsome, 
white-barked tree, growing SO to 80 feet high, 
with dark purple leaves which contrast beauti- 
fully with the bark. 

CATALPA 

Bungei (Chinese Catalpa) — ^^A curious dwarf catal- 
pa. It is very useful in formal work when 
grafted on stems of the Catalpa Speciosa, form- 
ing a pretty, dome-shaped head 10 to 12 feet 
high, of great, soft, heavy leaves. The flowers 
are borne in large clusters a foot long; the 
leaves are laid with shingle-like precision. 
Hardy, strong-growing, unique. 

Speciosa (Western Catalpa) — A fine hardy sort, 
well adapted for forest and ornamental planting. 
The coarse-grained, soft wood is very durable 
and useful for railroad ties, fence-posts, etc. 
Blooms earlier than the others and grows to be 
a large tree 100 feet high. In late summer, its 
great crop of long, narrow "beans" is very ef- 
fective. 

CELTIS (Hackberry, Nettle Tree) 

Occidentalism — A rare native tree that deserves 
much more general planting. It grows 100 to 
120 feet high and its light green leaves are 
glossy, pointed, almost entirely free from in- 
sects; the branches spread horizontally, forming 
a wide, elm-shaped head of medium size. Vig- 
orous, hardy and healthy, thriving in all soils. 

Var. pumila — A dwarf form, rarely over 30 feet 
tall, and with smaller leaves. Sometimes more 
desirable by reason of its height. 

CERASUS (Cherry) 

Avium, alba flore pleno (Double White-flowering 
Cherry) — A charming small tree, 20 feet high, 
with branches completely hidden by a mass of 
large double white flowers in May. 



CERCIS (Red Bud, Judas Tree) 

Canadensis — The hardiest and, perhaps, the finest 
species of a handsome group of early and pro- 
fuse-flowering trees. Medium height, 20 to 30 
feet, forming a broad, irregular head of glossy, 
heart-shaped leaves that color pure yellow in 
fall. It blooms in earliest spring, with the dog- 
woods and magnolias, and is valuable for group- 
ing with them. 

CORNUS (Dogwood) 

Florida (White-flowering Dogwood) — The great 
white flowers are 3 inches and more in width, 
lasting in favorable weather for as many weeks. 
Besides the fine characteristics given above, the 
bright red bark on its young growths makes it 
attractive and cheery in winter. Tree rarely 
grows over 20 feet in height and is branching 
in habit. Blooms when small. 

CRATAEGUS (Flowering Thorn) 

A low, dense, neat habit of the thorns adapts 
them for planting in small yards and for grouping 
anywhere. Are very hardy and grow well in all 
dry soils. The foliage is varied, always attractive, 
handsome and almost evergreen in some cases; 
the flowers are showy and abundant, often quite 
fragrant; the fruits are retained long in some 
species, are so thick as to burden the branches 
and frequently of bright colors. Their foliage 
colors brilliantly in fall. 

Crus-galli (Cockspur Thorn) — A dwarf tree, rare- 
ly over 20 feet high, with widely extending hori- 
zontal branches, giving it a flat-topped effect. 
The leaves are thick, glossy, coloring to rich 
orange and scarlet in fall; flowers profuse, white 
with tinge of red, opening in May; fruits showy 
scarlet, persistent until spring. 

Oxyacantha, alba flore pleno (Double White 
Thorn) — When in bloom a mass of clustered 
double rose-like white blossoms. This is the 
famous May thorn of English gardens, not 
often over 10 feet in height, with spreading 
branches and stout spines. Very handsome. 

Coccinea flora pleno (Paul's Double Scarlet 
Thorn) — Of quick growth, showy, new and per- 
haps the best sort. The large perfectly double 
flowers are a rich glowing crimson. 

Rosea flore pleno (Double Pink Hawthorn) — Has 
the English Hawthorn's fine habit and fra- 
grance. Pretty rose-colored blooms. 



CYTISUS 

Laburnum (Golden Chain or Bean Tree)— This 
charming small tree, which rarely grows over 
20 feet tall, takes its familiar name from the 
long racemes of golden yellow flowers with 
which it is radiant in June. It is picturesquely ir- 
regular in growth and has glossy pinnate 
leaves. Prefers a somewhat sheltered situation. 

FAGUS (Beech) 

Ferruginea (American Beech)— Our noble forest 
tree, growing to 80 feet, with silvery bark; fine 
spreading growth and symmetrically rounded 
head. Especially attractive in spring with the 
tender, delicate green of its leaves and pendent 
flowers. Pure yellow in fall. 

Purpurea (Purple or Copper Beech) — A vigouous, 
elegant tree, reaching SO to 80 ft. in height, with 
foliage changing from deep purple in spring, 
through crimson in summer, to purplish green in 
fall. Hardy, long-lived, free from insect pests, 
useful for specimens or grouping. 

Var. Purpurea Riversi (Rivers' Blood-leaved 
Beech) — Where a large tree with purple foliage 
is wanted, nothing- equals this. It is generally 
conceded to be the finest of all purple-leaved 
trees. Though it varies in intensity of color, 
from early spring until late fall the leaves are 
always a rich shade. Grows SO to 80 feet high. 

FRAXINUS (Ash) 
Americana (American White Ash) — Our forest 
tree, tallest of the species, growing to 120 feet 
high, with straight, clean trunk, smooth, gray 
bark and glossy leaves. Useful for parks and 
streets. See page 86 for a good street view. 

GLEDITSCHIA (Honey Locust) 
Tricantha (Three-Thorned Honey Locust) — A 
large, vigorous tree, over 100 ft. high, with 
wide-spreading branches, feathery fern-like 
leaves, and a stout armament of thorns. Makes 
a fine defensive hedge. Bears long, pendent 
seed-pods, which, when slightly twisted, give 
forth their sweetish juice. It is greatly relished 
by country children. 

GYMNOCLADUS 

Canadensis (Kentucky Coffee Tree) — A pic- 
turesquely irregular tree, 30 to 60 feet high, with 
peculiar rough-barked, twigless branches and 
broad fronds of twice-pinnate foliage of a 
peculiar bluish green. Bears long racemes of 
white flowers in early summer. The familiar 
name is from the seeds in its broad beans, which 
were once used for coffee in the southern moun- 
tains. Yellow in fall. 



142 THE GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



HALESIA 
(Snowdrop, or Silver Bell Tree) 
Tetraptera — ^^A neat and pretty little tree, rarely 
over 12 ft. high, with large, dark green leaves. 
May be grown as a shrub. In May while the 
leaves are yet small, its branches are hung 
thickly with small white or pinkish drooping 
bells about one inch long. These are followed 
by large and curious winged seeds which impart 
to it a peculiar ornamental effect. 

KOELREUTERIA 

Paniculata (Varnish Tree) — A rare tree, 25 to 30 
feet high, from North China, very showy in 
July, when spangled with foot-long clusters of 
golden yellow flowers, and in autumn when its 
foliage colors to crimson and gold. It is perfect- 
ly hardy, and its neat, trim shape, coupled with 
its light, airy leaves, makes a very desirable tree 
for the lawn. 




LARIX (I.arcli) 

LARIX (Larch) 

Europaea (European Larch — A tall and hand- 
some deciduous conifer, which grows to 100 feet 
in height, with tapering trunk and pyramidal 
head. Particularly beautiful in early spring 
when covered with soft and feathery foliage of 
a delicate green. Its plumy foliage and droop- 
ing twigs give it a very graceful effect, while its 
trim, straight figure is most imposing and majes- 
tic and becomes the feature of any landscape. 

LIQUIDAMBAR 

Styraciflua (Sweet Gum) — A tree that is iDcaiitiful 
at all stages, and useful in all sorts of planting. 



Varying from 60 to 80 feet in height, it has a 
narrow, ovate head, formed of short corky- 
wii.ged branches and masses of star-shaped 
lustrous leaves that color to intense crimson 
scarlet in fall. Even in winter its odd, swing- 
ing sea balls and corked winged branches make 
it picturesque and interesting. The name is 
from its fragrant sap and leaves. We have no 
finer tree for street and park planting or for 
specimens. 

LIRIODENDRON 

Tulipifera (Tulip Tree) — A tall, magnificent native 
of rapid, pyramidal growth, to 100 feet. Its 
smooth erect gray trunk rises to a great height 
and is clothed with a splendid vesture of large 
glossy leaves, spangled in spring with large 
tulip-shaped flowers of greenish yellow an'd 
orange. One of our most distinguished tall 
trees, for broad avenues, parks and lawns. 

MAGNOLIA 

The spring inflorescence of the Magnolias is 
grand beyond description. Their great white, pink 
and purple cups open in rich profusion before the 
leaves of other trees appear. The fruits which fol- 
low them are large, bright-colored and showy; the 
leaves are tropical in size and appearance; the 
trees are naturally of fine habit and bloom when 
quite small. They should be transplanted only in 
spring. 

Soulangeana (Soulange's Magnolia)— One of the 
hardiest and finest of foreign Magnolias, re- 
sembling Conspicua in flower and habit. In 
growth it is more like a large shrub, 20 to 30 
feet high. Its blossoms are from 3 to S inches 
across, cup-shaped, white and rosy violet, open- 
ing a little later than Conspicua, yet before its 
leaves, which are massive and glossy. 

Speciosa (Showy-Flowered Magnolia) — The flow- 
ers of this species are a trifle smaller and light- 
er-colored than those of Soulangeana, but the 
tree is of the same habit, 20 to 30 feet high; the 
flowers open about a week later and remain 
perfect on the tree longer than those of any 
other Chinese Magnolia. Very hardy. 

HARDY AMERICAN MAGNOLIAS 
Acuminata (Cucumber Magnolia)— The tallest of 
all the species, growing rapidly into a fine pyr- 
amidal tree, 60 to 90 feet high. In midsum- 
mer large creamy white blossoms appear 
among its deep green leaves, and large, cucum- 
ber-shaped fruits that turn bright crimson suc- 
ceed them. A grand avenue tree. Yellow in 
fall. 




3IAGNOLIA SOm^AiVGEANA 



Tripetala (Umbrella Tree) — Named from the 
whorled arrangement of its great glossy leaves. 
The white flowers, also of great size, open in 
June and are followed by rose-colored fruit 
cones. Tree grows to 40 feet. 

PLATANUS (Plane Tree, Sycamore) 

Orientalis (Oriental Plane) — One of the oldest 
cultivated trees, and among the best for street 
and avenue planting. It grows rapidly to grand 
size, is bold, picturesque, hardy, healthy, free 
from insects, vigorous in all soils, especially 
along the water's edge. A lofty, wide-spreading 
tree, growing 60 to 80 feet tall, with large, 
leathery, clear-cut leaves that turn yellow in 
fall. 

Occidentalis (American Plane; Buttonwood) — 
Broad-spreading; round-topped, massive and 
picturesque, often 100 to 120 feet high. Very 
effective in winter when its branches show al- 
most as white as a birch's, and its mottled trunk 
of gray, green and brown is revealed. 



THE GREENING 



LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



143 



POPULUS (Poplar) 

Alba Bolleana — Similar to the well-known Lom- 
bardy Poplar in habit, but broader, and like it, 
useful in breaking the monotony of lower 
round-topped trees. Will grow to a tall spire, 
80 feet high. Its leaves are glossy green above, 
silvery underneath. A favorite with landscape 
gardeners. 

Monilifera (Carolina Poplar) — ^ Unexcelled for 
quick growth and effect, its rapid growth giving 
an air of luxuriance to places where other trees 
appear starved. Showy and cheery from the 
constant movement of its glossy, silver-lined 
leaves, yet always casting a dense, cool shade. 
If well pruned back during the first few seasons 
it makes a strong, durable tree, 60 to 80 feet 
high. 

Var. aurea Van Geertii (Golden Poplar) — One of 
the linest golden-leaved trees for contrast. 

Pyramidalis (Lombardy Poplar) — A fast, erect 
grower of spire-like habit, much used in formal 
planting. The pointed top gives variety to the 
sky line. 

PRUNUS (Plum) 

Padus (European Bird Cherry) — A pretty me- 
dium-sized tree, 30 feet high, with glossy leaves 
and long clusters of small fragrant white flow- 




POPULUS MONILIFERA (Caroliua Poplar) 



ers in May. This is followed by black fruits, 
loved by all the birds. One of the earliest trees 
to leaf out in the spring. 

Pissardi (Purple-leaved Plum) — A distinct and 
handsome little tree, rarely over 20 feet high, 
covered with a mass of small white, single flow- 
ers in spring, later with showy pinkish purple 
leaves that deepen in color to the end of the 
season. Valuable for ornamental hedges or 
planting in quantity for contrast. It is perfectly 
hardy wherever the common plum will stand, and 
is a unique and beautiful ornament to the lawn 
at all times of the year. 




PYRUS, BECHTELI (Flowering ( l al. > 



PYRUS (Crab) 

Angustifolia, Bechteli (Bechtel's Flowering Crab) 
— A low, bushy tree, rarely over 20 feet in 
height. It is the most beautiful of all the fine va- 
rieties of Flowering Crabs. At a distance the 
tree seems to be covered with dainty little roses 
of a delicate pink color. Blooms when quite 
young. Is very fragrant. 

QUERCUS (Oak) 

Although their growth at first is slow, if 
planted in good soil the oaks will outgrow many 
other trees. For wide lawns, parks, and public 
grounds, avenues, etc., where they have room to 



develop, few trees are so majestic and imposing, 
so enduring, so varied in expression. Their great 
vigor and hardihood enable them to withstand 
many untoward conditions. 

Alba (White Oak) — Grandest of its genus and our 
American trees. A spreading, towering species, 
growing 100 feet high when fully developed, 
with rugged, massive trunk and branches. The 
deeply lobed leaves change to dark crimson in 
fall. 

Coccinea (Scarlet Oak) — lA grand, round-topped 
tree 60 to 80 feet high, with bright green deeply 
cut leaves that color to sparkling red in fall. 

Palustris (Pin Oak) — Almost pyramidal in habit 
and sometimes described as half weeping when 
old, because its lower branches touch the 
ground. It grows and develops the family char- 
acteristics faster than most oaks, as may be 
seen from some fine avenues planted within the 
last score of years. It grows 60 to 80 feet, 
sometimes taller. The leaves are deep green, 
glossy and finely divided. Orange scarlet in 
fall. 

Rubra (Red Oak)— A large tree 80 to 100 feet, un- 
usually large in leaf and quick in growth. The 
young shoots and leaf stems are red, the foliage 
purplish, crimson in autumn. A most beautiful 
object in the lawn. 

SORBUS (Mountain Ash) 

Medium-sized trees with handsome, pinnate 
leaves, neat habit and showy crops of bright red 
berries, persistent until late in winter, giving a 
brilliant note to the autumn landscape. 
Sorbus (Pyrus) Aucuparia (European Mountain 

Ash) — Hardy, erect, 20 to 30 feet high, with 

smooth bark and dense, regular head; berry 

clusters large and bright. 

Quercifolia (Oak-leaved Mountain Ash) — Of the 
same fine habit, but with dark, lobed leaves, 
downy underneath. 

SALISBURIA (Ginkgo) 

Adiantifolia (Maidenhair Fern Tree) — A distin- 
guished Japanese tree, 40 to 60 feet high, of col- 
umnar growth when young, spreading with age 
into an odd, sketchy outlme. Its thick, leathery 
leaves are clear-cut and shaped like the leaves 
of the Maidenhair Fern. A rare and elegant 
tree that is yet robust enough to endure general 
city planting. Its unique appearance and habit 
of growth make it a valuable acquisition. Grows 
fast; has no insect or fungous enemies. 



144 THB GRBBNING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



SASSAFRAS 

Officinale — A really handsome medium-sized tree, 
30 to 50 feet high, with fragrant, light green 
foliage and bark. Its small yellow flowers are 
attractive in early spring, and followed later by 
dark blue fruits. Grows well even on thin soils 

SALIX (Willow) 

Besides the beauty of their airy summei 
foliage, the Willows have a distinct value in the 
brightness of their bark when leaves have fallen. 
There are few trees that can be used to such ad- 
vantage for cheery winter effects. They grow 
fast and are adapted to a variety of soils and 
uses. Frequent cutting back gives a thicker 
growth of bright young' twigs. 

Laurifolia (Laurel-leaved Willow) — A beautiful, 
distinct, medium-sized tree, 8 to 20 feet high, 
with shining, laurel-like leaves that make it very 
conspicuous in sunshine. Can be clipped into 
form like a bay tree; has bright green bark; is 
beautiful the year round. 

Rosmarinifolia (Rosemary-leaved Willow) — 'A 
pretty dwarf, not over 8 feet high, very airy in 
effect, because of its feathery branches and 
small silvery leaves. Grafted on tall stems, it 
forms a neat round head of feathery silver-gray. 

Vitellina Aurea — A fine tree at all seasons, but 
very showy in the winter months for its bright 
yellow bark, making it a conspicuous feature in 
the landscape. Grows to be a very large tree, 
80 to 100 feet high, with a venerable appearance 

We can also supply in quantity other bright- 
barked Willows for grouping, among them Cardi- 
nalis and its variety, Wentworth (bright and deep 
red), Canescens, Scarlet and Japan Golden. 

SOPHORA (Pagoda Tree) 

Japonica (Japan Pagoda Tree) — An odd and 
unique specimen tree, 40 to 60 ft. high, so differ- 
ent from other trees in style of growth that it 
always attracts attention. Its short branches 
form a dense, round head. In August its shin- 
ing green leaves are decked with clusters of 
white blossoms. 

TILIA (Linden, Basswood) 

The Lindens grow fast, forming noble trees of 
rounded outline, and casting a dense, cool shade. 
The leaves are large and cordate, the flowers light 
yellow, exhaling a delightful citron odor. All are 
among our best large-growing street and avenue 
trees, fine also for specimens and grouping. 



Americana (American Linden) — A stately tree, 
growing 60 to 80 feet tall, with large, shining 
cordate leaves. Particularly valuable for its 
beautiful white wood. Its flowers appear in 

July. 

Platyphyllos (Large-leaved European Linden) — 
An exceedingly broad-leaved variety growing 
into a noble tree 60 to 80 feet high. It flowers 
in June, the earliest of the Lindens. 

Argentea (Silver-leaved Linden) — Conspicuous 
among other trees because of its silver-lined 
leaves. These give it great brilliancy when ruf- 
fled by the wind. Handsome, vigorous, pyr- 
amidal in shape. 60 to 80 feet high. 

ULMUS (Elm) 

Americana (American Elm) — Easily distinguished 
by its wide arching top, vase-like form and 
pendulous branchlets. Next to the Oak this is 
the grandest and most picturesque of American 
trees. Attains 80 to 100 ft. Dull yellow or 
brown in fall. 

Scabra (Montana) Scotch or Wych Elm — A grand 
spreading tree of rapid growth and variable 
habit. Attains a height of 100 feet and forms a 
broad, round-topped head. 




PENDl I.A I.AC IMA'I'A 
(Cut-Iji'JH e<I \Ve«'|>iiis llircli) 



Weeping Deciduous Trees 

CERASUS 

Japonica, rosea pendula (Japan Weeping Rose- 
flowered Cherry) — An exquisite little tree, 8 or. 
10 feet high, draped in rosy masses of bloom in 
early spring before its leaves appear. Even 
when grafted on tall stems its slender branches 
sometimes sweep the grass in graceful gar- 
lands. Well adapted to small lawns. 

FAGUS (Beech) 

Sylvatica, pendula (Weeping Beech) — A large, 
luxuriant tree, of curious, irregular growth, to 
60 or 80 feet. Its sparkling masses of foliage 
are swept by tortuous branches into fountain- 
like masses of green, wonderfully rich and 
graceful in effect. 




MORUS, PEi\Dl'I,A (WcepiiiK Mulberry) 



MORUS (Mulberry) 

Alba, Tatarica pendula (Teas' Weeping IMulberry) 
• — We cordially recommend this as one of the 
thriftiest, hardiest and most beautiful of weep- 
ing trees. Grafted on a straight stem, 6 to 8 ft. 
high, its branches sweep the ground, forming 
a beautiful tent of green. It transplants easily 
and is appropriate for both large and small 
places. The leaves are lustrous and distinctly 
lobed. 



THE GREENING 



145 



BETULA (Birch) 

Pendula Laciniata (Cut-leaved Weeping Birch) — 
Many attractive characteristics combine to make 
this a tree of wonderful ^race and beauty. Tall 
and slender, growing to 60 feet; vigorous, with 
slender branches in drooping festoons of deli- 
cately cut leaves. It colors brilliantly in fall 
and its white trunk and branches make it a 
beautiful winter picture. 

Pendula Youngi (Young's Weeping Birch) — Of 
naturally trailing growth, with long, slender 
shoots of picturesquely irregular form. 

PYRUS 

(Sorbus) Aucuparia, pendula (The Weeping 
Mountain Ash) — Is a picturesque little tree 
" 10 to 15 feet high; excellent for lawn specimens 
or for covering arbors. It has beautiful pinnate 
foliage and bears white flowers in broad 
corymbs in May and June, followed by clusters 
of bright red cherry-like fruits. 




SALIX PENDULA (Kilmarnock Willow) 



SALIX (Willow) 

Babylonica (Our familiar Weeping Willow) — A 
fine drooping tree 30 to 40 feet high, with slen- 
der branchlets. This tree is sometimes called 
the Napoleon Willow from the fact that it was 
planted at his grave at St. Helena. 

Dolorosa (Wisconsin Weeping Willow) — Of simi- 
lar line habit, but hardy for the North. 

Annularis (Ring Willow) — An odd tree with the 
leaves twisting so as to form rings along the 
drooping branchlets. 



Caprea, Pendula (Kilmarnock Weeping Willow) — 
Unique in form and vigorous in all soils. This 
variety has been widely planted. It is usually 
grafted 5 to 7 feet high on stout stems, and then 
forms a cone of glossy foliage. 

ULMUS (Elm) 

Scabra, pendula (Camperdown Weeping Elm) — ■ 
One of the most distinct and picturesque of all 
our weeping trees. Grows well in most any cli- 
mate; is of fine and notable habit, the strong 
branches often sweeping out horizontally sever- 
al feet before they curve downward, making a 
broad, handsome head. 




UL.MUS PENDI LA ( C aiiipeiclo^ u Eliii) 



Evergreens 

0 

The landscape gardener is no longer content to 
use evergreens in quantity merely for specimen 
trees, shelter-belts, screens, hedges, etc. As new 
beauties are being continually discovered in them, 
new uses develop also. They form perfect back- 
grounds for the flowering shrubs of early spring, 
the berries of autumn, and winter's tracery of 
bright bark and twigs. "Beautiful beds of perma- 
nent color are formed by grouping together sorts 
of moderate growth, with contrasting foliage — 
golden, golden green, silver-blue, rich, dark and 
delicate green, with bright-berried sorts inter- 
spersed. Other new uses are for filling window- 
boxes, and growing evergreens in tubs for hall 
and porch plants. 

Our evergreens are all carefully grown, at good 
distances for symmetrical development, are root- 
and top-pruned into handsome, shapely specimens 
that will transplant successfully to new homes 



with ordinary care. We pack them so that the 
root-fibers are well protected and will reach their 
destination in good growing condition. If plant- 
ers will continue this care to keep the fibers from 
drying out by exposure to air and sun until the 
stock is planted, its success is reasonably sure. 
Prune evergreens before their spring growth 
starts, and only when necessary to thicken their 
growth or preserve their shape. 

ABIES (Fir) 

Balsamea (American Silver Fir) — A regular, sym- 
metrical tree, assuming the cone shape when 
quite young, reaching 50 to 80 feet in old age. 
Leaves dark, lustrous green, lighter beneath. 

Concolor (The White Fir) of the Rocky Mountains 
is one of the most beautiful species in cultiva- 
tion, growing 80 to 100 feet in height. It with- 
stands heat and drought better than any other 
Fir, is very hardy and grows rapidly. Its grace- 
ful habit, and broad, handsome foliage, glinting 
with blue on the upper surface, silvery beneath, 
make it a rival for the elegant Colorado Blue 
Spruce. Especially bright when young. 

Violacea — Like^the above, with foliage of a deep- 
er blue. 

Douglasi (Douglas' Spruce) — A Colorado species. 
Forms a large, spreading pyramid of light green 
foliage, 80 to 100 feet in height. 

Nordmanniana (Nordmann's Silver Fir) — One of 
the richest evergreens, forming a dense, dark 
specimen tree of beautiful proportions, that may 
be finely contrasted with lighter-foliaged sorts. 
The foliage is wide, dark and lustrous, with a 
silvery, sparkling under-surface. 

Excelsa Remonti (Dwarf Pyramidal Norway 
Spruce) — A very fine evergreen for individual 
planting. It is of decidedly dwarf nature and 
pyramidal. Grows very compact and not over 
four feet in height. 

CEDRUS 

Atlantica Glauca (Mt. Atlas Cedar) — A very fine 
specimen of the Cedar family. Can be planted 
in groups with excellent efl^ect. Foliage decid- 
edly light blue, resembling the Kosteriana Blue 
Spruce in color. 

CUPRESSUS (Cypress) 

Law:soniana (Lawson's Cypress) — A rare hand- 
some conifer, the branches of which droop 
gracefully at the tips. Their rich, deep green 
color is retained all winter. Tender in the 
North. 



146 



THE GRBBNING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



JUNIPERUS (Juniper, Red Cedar) 

Hibernica (Irish Juniper) — An erect dense column 
of dark green, found cjuite effective in general 
landscape and formal planting. 

Suecica (Swedish Juniper) — Of narrow columnar 
forms, with lighter, more bluish foliage than the 
Irish Juniper. Branchlets droop at the tips. 

Aurea (Golden Japan Juniper) — Of moderate 
growth and spreading habit. The attractive 
golden-hued foliage is constant throughout sum- 
mer. 

Virginiana (Red Cedar) — Is always popular and 
thrives well in soils or situations where other 
trees will not grow. 

Glauca (Blue Virginia Cedar) — Throughout the 
year the leaves are a rich silvery blue. Very 
handsome and effective. 

PICEA (Spruce) 

Alba (White Spruce) — One of the very best coni- 
fers, especially for cold climates. Compact, up- 
right, growing 60 to 70 feet in height, long-lived, 
retaining its branches to the ground, aromatic, 
drought-resisting; varies in color from light 
green to glaucous blue. A good species for 
growing in tubs. 

Excelsa (The Norway Spruce) — Its many uses 
are well known. It is planted for hedges, shel- 
ter-belts, screens, background, etc., in large 
Cjuantities every year. It has a naturally fine 
gothic form, grows fast, reaching 80 to 100 feet, 
and seems to suit all soils. 

Excelsa Nana Compacta (Dwarf Compact Norway 
Spruce) — This is also a fine variety for planting 
singly. Partakes very much of the nature of 
the Remonti in all except that it is flat at the 
top and not pyramidal. Grows very compact. 

Aurea (Golden Norway Spruce) — Not so high as 
Excelsa, but is desirable on account of its yel- 
low foliage, making a lively contrast to the 
darker sorts. 

Inverta (Weeping Norway Spruce) — Grotesciuely 
pendulous; attractive from its novelty and 
unique habit. Grows 40 to 60 feet high and has 
larger and lighter green foliage than its parent. 

Nigra (Black Spruce) — A handsome small tree, 
rarely over 25 feet high, with slender pendulous 
branches. Valuable for cold climates and 
light, dry soils. 

Pungens (Colorado Blue Spruce) — A magnificent 
tree, 80 to 100 feet high, with a silvery blue 
sheen tliat makes it a striking oljjcct in any 



landscape. Hardy in any exposure, of vigorous 
growth and elegant habit, with broad, plumy 
branches, often as regularly set in whorls as 
those of an Araucaria. 




PICEA KOSTERIANA ( Koster's Blue Spruce) 

Kosteriana (Koster's Blue Spruce) — The very 
best of the Blue Spruces. Foliage is silvery 
blue, densely crowded on the many branches. 
We have paid particular attention to getting 
the absolutely true stock of this famous tree 
and can guarantee its true blue color and char- 
acter. In height it is the same as the former 
variety. 

PINUS (Pine) 

Laricio, Austriaca (The Austrian Pine) — Is one of 
the best foreign species for this country. 

Strobus (White Pine) — Tall, stately, and most 
beautiful of all our native pines. It is also 
among the cpiickest-growing, longest-lived, and 
most generally useful. The needles are long, 
silvery blue, and plumy in effect; the tree 
grows naturally into symmetrical specimens 
and makes a most imposing appearance on the 
lawn when grown singly. A valuable timber 
tree for even the poorest soils. 

Sylvestris (Scotch Pine) — Dense, broadly pyr- 
amidal, luxuriant in growth, with strong, erect 
shoots and silvery reedles. 



RETINOSPORA (Japan Cypress) 

As miniature trees, these handsome, neat-grow- 
ing evergreens are unequaled. The group in- 
cludes species very different in habit. They give 
exceedingly pretty effects in outdoor grouping, 
and, grown in tubs or window-boxes, are 
valuable for house decoration in the winter. 
Outdoor groups or specimens need some protec- 
tion in the winter. 

Obtusa, gracilis aurea — A neat and graceful bush 
of fern-like shoots of a fine golden hue. 

Plumosa Aurea (Golden Japan Cypress) — One of 
the few really golden evergreens. The color of 
the young growth contrasts strongly with the 
darker shade of the older foliage. Striking and 
useful in many ways. 

THUYA (Arborvitae) 

The Arborvitae s vary greatly in habit and color. 
They bear transplanting and pruning well and 
have many uses, especially in formal gardens. 
They are also well suited for bedding with other 
evergreens, for hedges, screens, shelter-belts and 
house decoration. All are neat and symmetrical 
in habit, dense, bushy, with flattened, frond-like 
leaves. 

Occidentalis (American Arborvitje) — The well- 
known screen and hedge plant. Can be sheared 
to any desired size and shape.- Will grow even 
in wet soil. 




PINUS STKOUUS (White Pine) 



THB GREENING 



147 



Aurea Douglasi (Douglas' Golden ArborvitK) — • 
Hardiest of its color. Of broader and more 
bushy growth, with long, slender branchlets 
and yellow foliage. 

Aurea Hoveyi (Hovey's Golden ArborvitEe) — Is a 
distinct, compact, • hardy American seedling; 
dense and conical, with light, golden green 
foliage. 

Compacta — Dense growing, globular, with leaves 
of light grayish green. 

Ericoides — Dwarf and pyramidal, with heathlike 
leaves of grayish green, turning to brown in 
winter. 

Globosa (Globe Arborvitse) — A dense, light green 
evergreen of dwarf habit, grows naturally round 
like a ball. One of the best of the dwarf. 

Lutea (George Peabody) — Of dwarf pyramidal 
habit, a decided golden color, which is retained 
throughout the entire year. The finest of the 
golden varieties. 

Pyramidalis (Pyramidal Arborvitas) — A tall, slen- 
der column of dark green resembling Irish 
Juniper in growth, retains its color in the win- 
ter. Very hardy, will stand severe shearing. 




THUYA (Tom Thumb) 



Tom Thumb — Similar to Globosa, but taller in 
growth and more bushy in foliage. 

Wareana (Sibe rian Arborvita) — Pyramidal in 
shape. Very hardy. Dark green foliage. 

TSUGA (Hemlock Spruce) 

Canadensis (Hemlock Spruce) — Are beautiful na- 
tive, naturally open, free and drooping in 
growth, but very dense when pruned, forming 
good specimen trees and hedges. Its dark, 
pure green color is retained all winter. A most 
graceful evergreen. 



Evergreen Shrubs 

0 

BUXUS (Box) 

Sempervirens (Tree Box) — A beautiful evergreen 
shrub of rather slow growth, with small, shin- 
ing foliage. Familiar in old-fashioned gardens, 
indispensable in formal ones. It grows well in 
many soils and endures much pruning. Quite 
popular as a tub plant, for house and terrace 
decoration. 

Suffruticosa nana — The pretty Dwarf Box so 
much used for edging. Slow-growing, neat, 
dense; the best plant in cultivation for the pur- 
pose. 

Variegata — A beautiful small bush, having shining 
leaves oddly marked with white. 

DAPHNE 

Cneorum (Garland Flower) — A charming dwarf 
shrub with fine foliage and dainty clusters of 
pink, perfumed flowers in May. Blooms at in- 
tervals until September. Excellent for grow- 
ing in front of shrubbery. 

EUONYMUS 

Radicans Variegata — A charming shrub of dwarf 
and trailing habit; it is perfectly hardy and has 
foliage beautifully variegated with silvery white, 
tinted with red in the winter. Unsurpassed for 
borders. 

MAHONIA 

Aquifolia (Holly-leaved Mahonia) — Sometimes 
included under Berberis. Handsome native 
evergreen of medium size, with shining, prickly 
leaves and showy, bright yellow flowers in May, 
followed by bluish berries. Quite useful in 
decorative planting for its neat habit and fine 
bronze-green leaves. 

RHODODENDRON 

In Variety — These are the most magnificent of 
the evergreen shrubs, with rich, green foliage 
and superb clusters of showy flowers. They re- 
Cjuire a peaty soil, free from lime, and a some- 
what shaded situation; they do best near the 
seashore, and will repay all the care that may 
be bestowed in preparing a bed suited to their 
wants. Protect in winter by driving stakes and 
filling in with leaves to cover plant. Can furnish 
in colors of red, pink, white, lavender and blue. 



Deciduous Shrubs 

0 

Flowering shrubs and plants, and those with 
brilliantly colored foliage, are to ornamental 
gardening what the finishing touches are to the 
picture or the decorations to a room. They help 
to fill out the well-rounded forms of groups of 
trees and, possessing more variety of colors and 
foliage than the trees, they add beautiful bits of 
color and pleasing contrasts. Being small in size, 
they are especially useful for small gardens and 
borders, for ornamenting the foregrounds of 
groups of trees and evergreens, and in particular 
they serve the purpose of a setting or ornamenta- 
tion close to the dwelling. 

Shrubs vary in size of growth from dwarf to 
tall, and there are scarcely two varieties which 
produce the same effect. They also vary greatly 
in point of hardiness for the colder climates, and 
it would be difficult, indeed, for anyone not fa- 
miliar to give general advice on the best varieties 
to plant. 

Shrubs must suit the object for which they are 
to be grown. Often a fine lawn is spoiled by hav- 
ing thrust in here and there shrubs and trees 
without relation to method, purpose or design. 
Shrubs are best planted in groups with due con- 
sideration to size and character. They afford ex- 
cellent screens for undesirable objects, such as 
chicken yards, old buildings and fences, and the 
effect of a shrub border for a front or back lawn, 
produced by a careful setting, is always a pleasing 
one. Beautiful color effects are obtained by se- 
lecting shrubs with foliage of contrasting color. 
The silver, golden, purple and many shades of 
green, if carefully arranged in accordance with 
our new method, never fail to catch the eye. With 
the exception of a little pruning and an occasional 
stirring of the soil, shrubbery practically takes 
care of itself and requires but little care. The 
value in shrubbery lies less in the bloom than in 
the foliage and the general character as to form 
and habit. Roses are rarely good for shrubbery 
effect, the Rosa Rugosa, the Baby Rambler and 
the wild natives being the only ones suitable for 
the shrubbery border. 

This issue of our catalogue gives correct de- 
scriptions and the assortment we offer comprises 
all of the desirable species and varieties to be 
recommended for this country. However, it 
would be almost impossible for us to designate all 
the different climates we have in this great coun- 
try of ours, as adapted to each variety we grow. 



148 THU GREENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OP LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



WE OFFER OUR ADVICE FREE 

As a rule, the ordinary planter is all at sea as 
to what to order or what to do after planting. 
Without some knowledge or proper advice as to 
what to plant, mistakes are bound to follow. If 
you know what you want as to effects, but are 
unacquainted with the kinds of shrubs and plants 
to produce these effects, get our advice — or that 
of someone who knows how to advise you on the 
kinds which will thrive best in your climate. 

HOW TO GROUP SHRUBBERY 

For large groups and heavy screens, select fast- 
growing shrubs for the background, using me- 
dium and dwarf-growing varieties and perennials 
for the border. For banking against porches and 
dwellings, select dwarf and medium-growing 
varieties, and, if on a small property, prune in 
hedge form. Fast-growing varieties of shrubs 
should be planted about three feet, while slow- 
growing should be set two to two and one-half 
feet apart. 

CARE OF TREES AND SHRUBS BEFORE 
PLANTING 

On arrival of the trees and shrubs they should 
be unboxed, or unbaled, in the shade if possible, 
and trenched-in. By trenching is meant putting 
the bundles in the ground in trenches, which are 
then refilled to protect the roots. The idea is to 
keep them cool and moist, and plenty of water 
should be used. 

HOW TO PLANT SHRUBS 

The ground should be thoroughly prepared by 
deep spading and, if poor, it should be enriched. 
When planted in beds and the ground is all loose, 
the size of the hole does not make any difference 
— just so the roots seat naturally. When planted 
separately in the sod the size of the hole should 
be much larger and deeper than the roots, so 
they will have plenty of mellow soil to grow in. 
The harder the ground the larger and deeper the 
hole must be. Loose soil should be put in among 
the roots and packed very firmly until near the 
surface, which should be left loose. Plant a little 
deeper than they stood in the nursery, and after 
planting cut back to about one-half their height. 
If the ground is dry, water thoroughly. 

PRUNING SHRUBS 

After transplanting, always aim to prune back 
all the wood to 10 or 12 inches from the ground. 
This method of pruning has a tendency to make 
them 1)ush out close to the ground, thus prevent- 



ing the open and straggly effect often seen. 
Where immediate effect is desired regardless of 
future beauty, little or no pruning may answer the 
purpose. Shrubs should be pruned to regulate 
their growth and make them graceful, always try- 
ing to keep the branches well down to the ground. 
Thin out all old and gnarly stems, and endeavor 
to preserve a fair fullness of healthy shoots with 
plenty of well-ripened twigs for flowers. For 
compact formal effects, as for group bankings, for 
porches and dwellings, pruning back the top to 
confine the growth is absolutely necessary. To 
obtain a compact, bushy form, it is necessary to 
prune in the early spring and also several times 
during the growing season. This method of 
pruning is recommended only where a short or 
heavy bushy form is desired. 



OUR LANDSCAPE DEPARTMENT 

This department has assumed enormous pro- 
portions and its operations reach to all parts of 
this country. We prepare artistic plans and com- 
prehensive specifications from rough pencil 
sketches mailed to us and furnish complete de- 
tailed instructions, so explicit as to enable anyone 
of ordinary intelligence to lay out and plant a 
garden or park with success. Our charges for 
this work will be found very reasonable. 

EXPERT CONSULTATION 

We solicit expert consultation on all kinds of 
municipal, park and cemetery work. Expert ad- 



vice is given on renovating and improving old 
gardens, also on pruning of trees and plants, on 
soil treatment, on combating the ravages of de- 
structive insects, and on all matters pertaining to 
horticulture. 

ALTHAEA. See Hibiscus 

AMORPHA 

Fruticosa (False Indigo) — Grows 6 to 10 feet 
high, and forms a large, spreading bush, with 
compound leaves, containing 10 to 20 bright 
green leaflets, and slender spikes of deep violet- 
blue flowers in June, after the flowers of most 
shrubs have faded. 

AMYGDALUS (Flowering Almond) 

See Prunus 



BERBERIS (Barberry) 

There is a charm about the Barberries hard to 
describe, and no more practical and beautiful 
shrub can be grown. Their masses of white, yellow 
or orange flowers are showy in spring, their leaves 
color brightly in fall, their scarlet, blue or black 
berries are persistent through most of the winter. 
They make a dense, low hedge, will stand any 
amount of shearing, are perfectly hardy and will 
grow in any sunny, well-drained position. 
Canadensis (Canadian Barberry) — Seldom grows 

over three feet high, with bright green foliage, 

which turns to beautiful shades of orange, red 

and bronze in the fall. 




THE GHEEMXO METHOD OF HAUUV SHHl B BORDER PLANTING 



THE G RBBN I N G LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



149 



Thunbergii (Thunberg's Barberry) — Inimitably 
neat and dense in growth, barely three feet high 
under the best conditions, yet quite graceful be- 
cause of its drooping branches. The yellow 
flowers are followed by scarlet fruits borne in 
dense profusion on the long stems and clinging 
through most of the winter; the leaves color to 
scarlet and gold in autumn. 

Vulgaris (European Barberry) — Flowers yellow; 
berries dark red. Grows upright, with light 
green foliage. 

Purpurea (Purple Barberry) — A showy and efifec- 
five shrub with fine purple leaves that contrast 
beautifully with its flowers and with "other 
shrubs. 

CALYCANTHUS (Carolina Allspice) 

Floridus — The wood is fragrant, foliage rich; 
flowers of rare chocolate color, having a pe- 
culiarly agreeable odor. Flowers in June and 
at intervals afterwards. 

CARAGANA (Pea Shrub) 

Arborescens — Makes a very handsome show in the 
late spring with its compound, bright green 
foliage and numerous small clusters of bright 
yellow flowers. Perfectly hardy and valuable 
for either group or individual planting. 

CHIONANTHUS (Fringe Tree) 
Virginica ^White Fringe Tree) — A small treelike 
shrub, much admired for its curious fringe or 
hairlike flowers that cover the whole surface in 
midsummer. 

CLETHRA 

Alnifolia (Sweet Pepper Bush) — A native shrub 
of low and dense growth; leaves abundant and 
light green; has numerous spikes of small white 
fragrant flowers. Blooms abundantly in July. 

COLUTEA 

Arborescens (Bladder Senna) — Of quick growth 
in any dry, sunny situation, forming graceful 
clumps of delicate foliage. Its long racemes of 
yellow and cinnabar-red pea-shaped flowers ap- 
pear in summer, and are followed by large 
showy red seed-pods. 

KERRIA (Corchorus) 
Japonica — A slender, green-branched, dwarf-grow- 
ing shrub with small light green leaves and 
small globular yellow flowers. Very fine for 
hedges. 

Argentea variegata (Silver variegated-leaved Cor- 
chorus) — A dwarf variety from Japan, with 



small green foliage edged with silvery white; 
slender in growth, small yellow flowers, one of 
the finest of dwarf-growing shrubs. Especially 
adapted for porch bankings or in groups where 
a showy dwarf shrub is desired. 

CORNUS (Dogwood) 
Alba Siberica (Siberian Dogwood) — Free growing, 
and very hardy, flowers white and clustered. 
Bark very showy dark red. 

Spaethi Aurea — Fast growing, with bright red 
bark, leaves broad, edged with creamy yellow. 
White flowers in June. 

Siberica Variegata — A large, spreading shrub with 
clusters of white flowers in June, variegated 
foliage and coral-red bark. 

Alternifolia — Of distinct growth with branches 
arranged in irregular form, forming flat hori- 
zontal tiers of large leaves. The flowers fra- 
grant in large clusters in May and June, follow- 
ed by dark blue fruits. 

Candidissima (Panicled Dogwood) — A handsome 
shrub with gray branches, bearing immense 
panicles of white flowers in May and June, fol- 
lowed by white fruit borne on bright red stems. 

Sanguinea — Has purplish red branches and leaves 
handsomely marked with white. Flowers 
greenish white in May and June in flat-topped 
clusters, followed by bunches of black berries. 

CORYLUS (Filbert, Hazel) 
Avellana, atropurpurea (Purple-leaved Filbert) — 
The Hazels are sometimes used as hedges and 
are valuable for this purpose. In early spring, 
the long, drooping catkins are very beautiful, 
and in fall the shrubs bear large quantities of 
delicious nuts. This variety is particularly val- 
uable for group effects, the large, purple leaves 
holding their color well. It grows to a height 
of 10 to 12 feet. 

CYDONIA (Pyrus Japonica) 
Japonica (Japan Quince) — Very early in spring 
this fine old shrub is completely covered with 
dazzling scarlet flowers. The leaves are deep 
green and glossy, the growth tall, bushy, 
twiggy, with stout branches armed with fierce 
thorns. The quince-shaped fruits are quite fra- 
grant. It makes a beautiful flowering and de- 
fensive hedge; grows naturally 3 to 6 feet high, 
but bears any amount of shearing. 

DESMODIUM 

The Desmodium, or, as it is called by some 
authorities, Lespedeza, is mostly listed as a peren- 



nial, as it dies down in winter, but is perfectly 
hardy. It is valuable for planting in front of 
shrubbery and its long, drooping racemes of pur- 
plish rose flowers are distinctly ornamental. 

Penduliflorum (Lespedeza Sieboldi) — The cluster- 
ing stems grow only 2 to 4 feet long, and droop 
with their weight of flowers in early autumn. 
Leaves are rich green, elliptic in shape and 
grow in threes. 




THIJIi IIVlJHAXCiKV 



DEUTZIA 



No other shrub in the whole list will yield 
better returns for a minimum of care than the 
Deutzias. They vary greatly in height and habit 
but all have dainty bell- or tassel-shaped flowers 
borne thickly in wreaths along their branches in 
June. The taller sorts are useful for specimens, 
groups, and the background of shrubberies; the 
dwarfer for borders or for planting near the house 
or in front of the piazza. 

Crenata — The beautiful white, single-flowered 
species, growing 6 to 8 feet tall, and a mass of 
bloom in early June. 

Fl. pi. — A double form of the t3'pe. Handsome 
and effective. The white flowers are delicately 
flushed with pink. 

Candidissima — The pure white double flowers in 
erect panicles 2 to 4 inches long, are so perfect 
in shape that they are frequently used as cut- 
flowers. The bush is neat and shapely, growing 
6 to 8 feet high, and is a handsome addition to 
any planting. 



150 



THE GRHBNING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OE LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



Pride of Rochester — A showy, early, and large- 
flowering sort that blooms in May before the 
others. Grows 6 to 8 feet tall. The white flow- 
ers are large and double. 

Watereri — A superb sort, with large flowers borne 
in long, loose racemes. They arc a pretty pink 
color and open out quite flat. The shrub is ex- 
tra-vigorous and hardy, growing to 8 feet under 
proper conditions. 

Discolor grandiflora — A beautiful variety from 
China, with large leaves, dark green above,- 
lighter beneath. The white flowers are borne in 
loose corymbs in June, and have spreading 
petals. Plants grow to 7 feet in height. 

Gracilis (Slender-branched Deutzia)— A neat, 
dense little bush, rarely over 2 feet high, that 
blooms in May, wreathing its drooping branches 
with pure white flowers. Equally valuable for 
shrubberies and forcing. 

Lemoinei — Rarely growing over 3 feet high, with 
spreading branches, it has bright green leaves 
2 to 3 inches long and white flowers grown in 
large clusters in early summer. ' 

DIERVILLA (Weigelia) 

Florida, amabilis — Very free blooming and hardy, 
of good habit and rapid growth. Large deep 
rose-colored flowers. 

Florida Candida — Very best of all white flowering 
Weigelia. Continues to bloom throughout the 
entire summer. 

Rosea — Same as Candida in habit except that it 
has pink flowers. The most popular A'ariety in 
cultivation. 

' Rosea Nana Variegata — Of neat dwarf habit, with 
pink flowers and leaves broadly margined with 
creamy white. 

Eva Rathke — New, bright crimson flower, blooms 
all summer, medium growth, hardy. The most 
valuable and attractive bloomer of this class. 

ELAEAGNUS (Oleaster) 

Angustifolia (Russian Olive) — A very hardy and 
handsome species of tree-like form. The leaves 
are particularly handsome, willow-like and of a 
rich, silvery white. Flowers are small golden 
yellow and very fragrant. Blooms in June. 

Longipes (Silver Thorn) — Showy shrub of strong 
bushy growth. Its fragrant creamy white blos- 
soms o])cn in April or May. 



EUONYMUS (Strawberry Tree) 
Europaeus (European Spindle Tree) — A large tree- 
like shrub. Flowers abundantly in spring with 
bright yellow flowers in noddine clusters, fol- 
lowed by pink fruits enclosed in orange arils. 
Very hardy, one of the most beautiful of shrubs. 

Radicans — A beautiful Japanese variety, grown 
mostly as a vine. When grown as a shrub it 
trails along the ground and roots, forming a 
dense growth. When trained as a vine, it 
climbs to 20 feet, with small, greenish-white 
flowers appearing in June and July. Fruits are 
pink, the cells separating and exposing the 
scarlet arils which cover the seeds. 

EXOCHORDA (Pearl Bush). 

Grandiflora — One of the finest shrubs of its sea- 
son, but difficult to propagate and always scarce. 
Its long, loose sprays of large, pure white flow- 
ers open in May, in such profusion as to give 
the shrub a very rich effect. In the bud form 
they look like pearls strung on slender threads. 
The bush grows 8 to 10 feet high, and is one of 
the most distinctively ornamental shrubs in cul- 
tivation. 

FORSYTHIA (Golden Bell) 

These splendid old shrubs, growing 8 to 10 feet 
tall in good soil, light up the garden with glinting 
masses of yellow, very early in spring, before the 
leaves appear and usually blooming with the cro- 
cuses, which are frequently planted in front of and 
beneath them. All are of strong growth, entirely 
hardy, with curving branches that sometimes root 
at their tips; stems and leaves retain their color 
until late fall. 

Intermedia — One of the most floriferous. with 
slender, arching branches, and dark green, lus- 
trous leaves. It blooms so early that it is fre- 
quently covered with its bright golden flowers 
while the ground is covered with snow, and is 
one of the very first promises of the bright and 
beautiful spring days to follow. 

Suspensa — Long, curving branches, used for cov- 
ering arches and trellises. 

Fortunei — The handsome, more erect form gener- 
ally known. 

Viridissima — The flowers of this variety are a 
little deeper yellow than in other sorts, and 
are sometimes twisted. The bush is not quite 
so hardy as the others of the species, and it is 
best to give it some sligh.t protection in winter 
in northern latitudes. 



HAMAMELIS (Witch Hazel) 

Virginiana — Valuable because its fringe-like yel- 
low flowers open so late in fall — often in No- 
vember — when there are few other blossoms 
outdoors anywhere. Grows 10 to 15 feet tall, 
with fine leaves that color to yellow, orange or 
purple in fall and drop before the bright yellow 
flowers with narrow, twisted petals appear, 
making them quite conspicuous among bare 
branches. Likes a moist, sandy, or peaty soil 
and partial shade. 

HIBISCUS SYRIACUS (Althea) 
(Rose of Sharon) 

The Altheas are fine free-growing flowering 
shrubs, of very easy cultivation, desirable on ac- 
count of flowering in August and September when 
nearly all other trees and shrubs are out of bloom. 
Tender in some localities. 
Rubra flore pleno — Double red Althea. 
Purpurea flore pleno — Double purple. 
Alba flore pleno — Double white Althea. 
Rubrum — Single red Althea. 
Purpurea — Single purple Althea. 
Alba — Single white Althea. 
Althea— Striped. 
Althea — Pink and white. 
Althea — White and crimson center. 
Flore pleno Variegata — A vaciegated leaved, 

double flowering. 




HYDRANGEA ARBORESCENS 



HYDRANGEA 

Hydrangea Arborescens Sterilis (Hills of Snow) — 
This \ ariety has a whiter bloom than the Panic- 
ulata. It also blooms earlier. So far, however, 
it has not quite come up to our expectations, 
lieing much weaker in growth. 

Hortensis, Otaksa — Of dwarf, dense habit, with 
large heads of pink or blue flowers. Tender and 
suitable only for tub culture. 



THE GRBBN I N G LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 151 



Ramulis pictis — A red-stemmed variety, carrying 
immense heads of deep rose or light cherry 
flowers. 

Thomas Hogg — Great flower-heads of purest 
white. Very choice and beautiful. Tender. 

Paniculata grandiflora (Panicled Hardy Hy- 
drangea) — Familiar to almost everyone as the 
most conspicuous shrub in any collection during 
August and September. Its massive plumes of 
white flowers bend the branches with their 
weight, changing finally to pink and bronzy 
green. The shrub shows to best advantage 
when grown in rich beds or masses and cut back 
severely every spring before growth starts. 
Grown in this way it produces fewer flower- 
heads, but much finer ones. Sometimes grown 
in tree form, making a strong, vigorous bush 6 
to 8 feet high. 

HYPERICUM (St. John's-wort) 

Moserianum (Gold Flower) — A showy, half pendu- 
lous shrub, growing only a foot or two in 
height, and fine for massing or for growing in 
perennial borders, or in front of high shrubbery. 
Its glossy, bright yellow flowers are two or 
more inches in diameter and tufted with masses 
of yellow stamens, blooming m midsummer. 
May be grown in shaded places where few other 
plants will thrive. 

LIGUSTRUM (Privet) 

Besides being one of our best hedge plants, the 
different species of the Privet form interesting 
groups on the lawn. They are almost evergreen, 
and of dense, shapely habit. Their white flowers 
grow in pretty sprays, are fragrant, and followed 
by berries of different colors. 

Amurense (Amoor River Privet) — The Chinese 
variety, hardier than the others, growing 8 to 
12 feet high, with dark green leaves, which per- 
sist almost through the winter. Evergreen in 
the South. Bears erect panicles of handsome 
white flowers in June, followed by black 
berries. The best for hedges. 

Ibota — A fine and hardy border shrub, of spread- 
ing habit with curving branches and leaves of 
grayish green. Pure white flowers in June 
followed by bluish-black seeds. 

Ovalifolium (California Privet) — A species of un- 
usual beauty that has become the most popular 
of all hedge plants. Its shining leaves give it 
value for porch and terrace decoration when 
grown in standard form. Can be sheared to 
any desired form. 



Regelianum — The horizontal, sometimes drooping 
branches are distinctly beautiful. Has longer 
and narrower leaves than other varieties. 

LINDERA (Spice Bush) 

Benzoin — Grows best along the edge of water as 
it needs moist loamy soil. Has bright yellow 
fragrant flowers in early spring, before the 
leaves appear. Makes a handsome specimen 
plant. 

LONICERA (Honeysuckle) 

The honeysuckles have bright and fragrant 
flowers, followed by showy berries. They are 
all of attractive and fast-growing habit and 
grow well in any soil. 

Tartarica Red (Tartarian Honeysuckle, Red) — A 
beautiful shrub. Vigorous, and producing large, 
bright-red flowers striped with white, in June. 

Tartarica White (Tartarian Honeysuckle, White) 
— A large shrub having large flowers in May 
and June. 

PHILADELPHUS 
(Syringa or Mock Orange) 

The Mock-Orange is undoubtedly one of the 
best-known and most popular shrubs, and in spite 
of the great numbers of new plants which have 
been introduced, the old Philadelphus holds its 
own and more freely than ever. It is also known 
as Syringa in some localities. The shrubs are 
usually tall, vigorous growers, with large foliage 
and flowers, and so are valuable for backgrounds, 
screens, grouping and specimens. Their flowers 
are very sweet-scented, milk-white, in most cases, 
and beautiful for cutting. 

Coronarius (Garland Syringa) — A fine old form, 8 
to 10 feet tall, that blooms among the earliest 
and in very graceful sprays. Its large, showy 
flowers are delightfully scented. 

Aureus — A striking shrub of medium size, with 
golden yellow leaves that remain bright through 
the season. Valuable for contrastive grouping. 

Alba flore pleno — Has partially double, highly 
fragrant flowers. 

Grandiflorus — The most vigorous species of the 
group, growing 10 feet high. Its long, irregular 
branches are clustered with large, slightly fra- 
grant flowers in June. 

Gordonianus — Strong-growing, 8 to 10 feet tall, 
and large-flowered; valuable for its late-bloom- 
ing season in July. 



Lemoinei, Boule d'Argent — Of dwarf, compact 
habit, only 4 to 6 feet high; flowers large and 
fine; semi-double, blooming in June; very fra- 
grant. 

Candelabre — Blooms with remarkable freedom in 
dense, erect spikes in June. Grows 4 to 6 feet 
high. 

PRUNUS 

(Flowering Plum and Almond) 

The Flowering Almonds are pretty dwarf 
bushes that bloom quite early and are very showy 
in spring. Their slender, leafless, upright 
branches are entirely hidden by s-temless, very 
double flowers of pink and white. 

Triloba H. pi. (Double-flowering .Plum) — A charm- 
ing shrub or small tree, 3 to 5 feet high, of 
spreading, vigorous growth. Very early in 
spring before its leaves appear the whole tree is 
decked in a fleecy cloud of very double, light 
pink blossoms. Its effect on a still leafless 
landscape is very bright. 

Pissardi — See Trees. 

PYRUS 

Arbutifolia (Sorbus arbutifolia. Red Chokeberry) 
— An upright shrub, 6 to 12 feet high, white or 
tinged red flowers in April and May followed 
by dull red, pear-shaped fruits }i inch in diame- 
ter. Distinctly ornamental both in flower and 
fruit. 

RAMANAS ROSES 

Rosa Rugosa — This plant belongs to the Rose 
family, but it is so eminently suitable for plant- 
ing among shrubs that it is included here. It 
has shiny, crinkled leaves, and showy single 
flowers that are followed by bright red hips 
the size of crab apples. There are pink and 
white varieties. 

R. rubiginosa (Eglantine, Sweetbrier). Prized for 
the delightful aromatic fragrance of its foliage. 

RHAMNUS (Buckthorn) 

Catharticus — The dark foliage masses of this 
dense, twiggy bush are relieved by masses of 
attractive white flowers in June and July. They 
are followed by showy black fruits. A good 
hedge plant. Grows 6 to 10 feet high. Will 
stand shearing well. 

RHODOTYPUS 

Kerrioides (White Kerria) — An attractive shrub 
of medium growth, with single white flowers 
late in May. 



152 THE GRBENING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OP LANDSCAPE GARDENING 




pi!RPi>K fui\(;k or smoke tree 
RHUS 



Cotinus (Purple Fringe or Smoke Tree) — A 
unique spreading treelike shrub with large 
leaves. These are overhung in midsummer by 
cloud-like masses of very light, mistlike flowers, 
having the appearance of smoke. Foliage 
changes to brilliant shades of yellow and red 
in autumn. 

Glabra (Smooth Sumac) — Growth of treelike na- 
ture with open crown. Flowers in July followed 
by crimson or brown fruit clusters. Foliage 
colors beautifully in autumn. Fine for massing. 

Laciniata — Also of treelike form with deeply cut 
leaflets producing a fern-like effect, which turns 
to rich crimson in fall. 

RIBES (Currant) 
Aureum (Golden Currant) — Fragrant yellow flow- 
ers in early spring, followed by dark brown 
fruits. 

Sanguineum (Red Flowering Currant) — A large, 
upright shrub with red bark and twigs, reddish 
purple flowers borne in long racemes in early 
spring. 

ROBINIA (Acacia Locust) 
Hispida — An elegant shrub with light green pin- 
nate leaves and long, graceful clusters of pea- 
shaped, rose-colored flowers in June, often 
tliroughout the summer. 



Neo-Mexicana — A similar shrub of more vigorous 
growth with bright red flowers and longer com- 
pound leaves with IS to 21 leaflets. 

SAMBUCUS (Elder) 

Nigra, aurea (Golden Elder) — Contrasted with 
other shrubs, the golden yellow leaves of this 
Elder give heightened effects in tone and color. 
Flowers white, in flat-topped cymes in early 
summer. It can be pruned into a neat, compact 
little bush, or grows naturally to 10 or IS feet. 

Variegata (Variegated Elder) — Leaves are quaint- 
ly mottled with white and yellow. Flowers and 
growth like the type. 

Laciniata (Cut-leaved Elder) — The leaves of this 
variety are fernlike in formation, and the shrub 
is of half-drooping habit. One of the finest in 
cultivation, being especially efi^ective in masses. 
Grows 8 to 10 feet. 

spir-s:a 

Arguta (Snow Garland) — A slender dwarf, 3 to 5 
feet high, with branches a snowy mass of clear 
white flowers in early May. 

Bumalda — A spreading, low bush, but 2 feet high 
with dark leaves brightened by corymbs of 
pretty, light pink flowers in May, and at inter- 
vals all summer. 

Anthony Waterer — A new form of better habit 
than the type, with larger corymbs of rosy 
crimson. 

Billardi — A narrow, dense shrub, 6 feet high, with 
dense panicles of rich pink flowers in July and 
August, also in fall. 

Callosa alba (S. Japonica, of some) — Of compact 
growth, 4 feet high, with upright branches and 
bluish green foliage; crowded with large, flat 
clusters of white flowers nearly all summer. 

Atrosanguinea — Dark red or rose flowers in June 
and July. 

Reevesiana (Reeves' Double Spiraja) — Tall and 
graceful, S to 8 feet high, with dark, bluish 
green lance-like foliage, and large, pure white 
double flowers in May and June. 

Douglasi — Upright in growth to S or 7 feet, with 
reddish brown branches and narrow, oblong- 
leaves. Bears spikes of beautiful, deep rose- 
colored flowers in July and August. 

Opulifolia — This and the next are sometimes 
classed under Physocarpus or Ninebark. They 
make a much stronger growth than most sorts, 
growing rapidly upright to 10 feet, although 
their branches droop vyhen laden with their 
great weight of white flowers. 



Aurea — Tall-growing shrub. The leaves are bright 
yellow in spring, gradually changing to golden 
brown in fall. Flowers double white. 

Prunifolia, flora pleno (Bridal Wreath) — Among 
the earliest of the double spiraeas to bloom, very 
graceful and plume-like in effect, branches be- 
ing covered thickly almost their whole length 
with small, double white flowers, and sweeping 
outward in gentle curves. 




SPIRAEA PRUNIFOLIA (Bridal Wreath) 



Thunbergii (Thunberg's Spiraea — Distinct and 
most attractive at all seasons, with feathery 
masses of pure white flowers in early spring; in 
autumn its narrow leaves change to bright red 
and orange. Forms a dense, feathery bush. 

Van Houttei (Van Houtte's Spira?a) — One of the 
most charming and beautiful of the Spiraeas, 
having pure white flowers in clusters or pani- 
cles about an inch in diameter. Astonishingly 
profuse in bloom and plants remarkably vigor- 
ous and hardy. A grand shrub for planting 
singly or in groups, or as a banking against 
buildings. 

SYMPHORICARPOS 
Racemosus (White Snowberry) — A well-known 
shrub with small pink flowers and large white 
berries that will remain on the plant through 
part of the winter. The white berries are the 
most attractive characteristic of the shrub. 



153 



Vulgaris (Red Snowberry, or Indian Currant) — 
Similar to the White Snowberry, except that 
the berries are smaller and red in color. The 
habit is of slightly drooping nature and of vig- 
orous growth. Succeed in shady places. 

SYRINGA (Lilac) 

The lilacs appear to best advantage when 
massed in groups. They are easily transplanted 
any time between fall and spring. Rich, moder- 
ately moist soil suits them best. 

Japonica (Japan Tree Lilac) — The only tree-form 
in the group, growing to a height of 30 feet, ex- 
ceedingly handsome when in bloom, and val- 
uable for prolonging the lilac season well into 
June and July. The leaves are leathery, large 
and dark. Flower plumes 12 to IS inches long, 
white and showy. 

Josikaea (Hungarian Lilac) — A variety of fine 
habit, is valuable for its late bloom. Flowers 
lilac purple, large. Late in June. 

Persica (Persian Lilac) — A fine old species with 
slender branches and narrow leaves, dwarf in 
habit. Its pale lilac flowers are very fragrant. 

Persica, alba (White Persian Lilac) — Of similar 
habit, with white flowers. 

Vulgaris (Common Purple Lilac) — The familiar 
species af all fine old gardens, with heart-shaped 
leaves and dense panicles of lilac flowers in 
May, still the most fragrant of any. 

Alba (Common White Lilac) — Similar to the 
former, with pure white, very fragrant flowers. 

SINGLE LILACS 

The single Lilacs below all grow 6 to 8 feet 
high and bloom in May. 

Alba Grandiflora — Very large white flowers in 
heavy panicles. 

Charles X — Of exceptionally strong, rapid 
growth; large, shining leaves and rather loose 
trusses of reddish purple flowers. 

Marie Legraye — The great forcing Lilac. Flowers 
pure white, in large panicles. 

Rubra de Marley — Rich, rosy purple flowers. 

TAMARIX (Tamarisk) 

The Tamarisks are hardy shrubs of strong but 
slender, upright, spreading growth. Their foliage 
is as light and feathery as asparagus, and they 
are valuable for planting near the seaside. 



Africana (T. parviflora) — Bright pink flowers in 
slender racemes in April and May. Shrub is 15 
feet tall, and is very showy with its reddish 
bark. 

Purpurea (T. tetandra purpurea) — Grows to 12 
feet and has purplish pink flowers in May. 

Chinensis — Flowers pink, in large, loose, usually 
nodding panicles; often 15 feet high. 

Gallica — Delicate pink or white flowers in slender- 
panicled racemes in spring or early summer; 
leaves bluish green. Grows to IS feet high. 

Indica — Pink flowers in longer, more wand-like 
sprays. Foliage is dull green. 




VIBURXUM OPULrS (Cranberry Bush) 



VIBURNUM 

Opulus (Cranberry Bush) — A very decorative na- 
tive shrub, growing 8 to 10 feet high, with white 
flowers in May, followed by scarlet fruits. 

Sterilis (Snowball) — Well known; even more 
showy than the type when covered with its 
great clusters of white flowers. 

Tomentosum, plicatum (Japan Snowball) — Of bet- 
ter habit than the familiar older form, with 
handsome, plicate leaves and more delicately 
formed, whiter flowers in clusters 4 inches 
across in May and June; red fruit. 



Climbing / Trailing Vines 

AKEBIA 

Quinata — A beautiful, hardy Japanese vine, with 
unique foliage and chocolate-purple flowers of 
delightful fragrance in large clusters. The 
foliage is never attacked by insects. 

AMPELOPSIS 

Quinquefolia (Virginia Creeper) — The well-known 
native, with five-parted leaves tliat change to 
rich scarlet in fall. Berries black-blue. Entire- 
ly hardy anywhere; quick-growing; usually re- 
quires some support on walls, although it climbs 
by means of tendrils and clings to brick and 
stone surfaces. 

Veitchii (Boston Ivy) — A beautiful, hardy Japan- 
ese species. One of the finest climbers for cov- 
ering walls, as it clings firmly to the smooth- 
est surface, covering it evenly with overlapping 
leaves which form a perfect mass of foliage. 
The color is a fresh deep green in summer, 
changing to bright shades of crimson and yel- 
low in autumn. When once established it is 
quite hardy. Give some protection the first 
year. 

ARISTOLOCHIA 

Sipho (Dutchman's Pipe) — A magnificent hardy 
vine of rapid growth, with very large, heart- 
shaped leaves and brownish flowers, resembling 
in shape a miniature pipe. Splendid for arch- 
ways or verandas, as it is a very rapid grower 
and forms a dense shade. 

CELASTRUS 

Scandens (Bittersweet) — A native climber, with 
handsome, glossy foliage, and large clusters of 
beautiful, orange-crimson fruits, retained all 
winter. Very bright in effect, and its graceful 
sprays of berries are charming for winter house 
decoration. 

HEDERA 

Helix — The well-known English Ivy, still the 
most beautiful covering that can be given to any 
wall or surface. Leaves of rich green. Plant 
on the north side of buildings and protect. 



154 THB GRBBNING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 




MATRIMONY VINE 



LONICERA 

Brachypoda Aurea Reticulata (Japan Golden- 
leaved Honeysuckle) — Of vigorous growth, 
forming radiant festoons and masses with its 
clear golden leaves; flowers creamj' white. 

Halliana (Hall's Japan Honeysuckle) — Pure white 
and creamy yellow, very fragrant flowers; in 
bloom the whole season. Almost evergreen. 
Besides its uses as a climber, it is valuable for 
covering banks, bare places, etc., where grass 
will not grow. 

Sempervirens (Scarlet Trumpet J-Ioneysuckle) — 
Flowers scarlet and trumpet form. 

Semperflorens — Flowers yellowish white and fra- 
grant. 

LYCIUM 

Chinense (Matrimony Vine) — Sometimes trained 
as a shrub. Purple flowered and showy-fruited. 
Extra vigorous in growth. Also good for 
liedges. 



TECOMA (Bignonia) 

Radicans (Trumpet Creeper) — A robust, woody 
vine, climbing high and twining tightly with 
numerous roots along its stem. Its orange- 
scarlet flowers cluster at the tips of the 
branches. Leaves light green. 

WISTARIA 

Magnifica (Purple Wistaria) — Flowers in dense 
drooping racemes of a pale lavender color. 

Sinensis, Alba — Differs from the Chinese only in 
ha\ ing inire white flowers. 

DIOSCOREA (Cinnamon Vine) 

Batatas — The odd and quaint Cinnamon Vine, 
most conspicuous in fall when small tubers clus- 
ter in the axils of its dark, glossy, arrow-shaped 
leaves. The white flowers are small, but fill the 
air with a delightful cinnamon odor. The beau- 
tiful Cinnamon Vine is one of the most charm- 
ing of climbers and will quickly cover an arbor, 
window or veranda with a great profusion of 
vines and sweet-scented flowers, making it a 
perfect bower of beauty. The vine is a hardy 
perennial, and once planted will .grow for many 
years and will be a source of constant delight 
to the possessor. There is nothing which will 
give a house a more homelike and cozy appear- 
ance or be a surer index of refinement and cul- 
ture, than beautiful vines twining about the 
porch and trellises. 




CINNAMON VINE 




LONICERA HALLIANA (Hall's Honeysuckle) 



CLEMATIS 

Of all the vines used either for shade or decora- 
tion, none can compare with the Clematis in its 
many and varied forms. Wh-ile the large-flow- 
ered kinds are not so good for shade until they 
attain considerable age, their wealth of bloom 
makes them the grandest embellishments to the 
porch known. Of the small-flowered varieties, 
Paniculata undoubtedly holds the lead either as a 
shade producer or for its abundance of bloom. It 
is a rampant grower in good soil, and the lateness 
of its bloom, coupled with the exquisite perfume 
of its flowers, makes it one of the most desirable 
of all vines. 

Duchess of Edinburgh — Fine white, double flow- 
ers. 

Henryi — Creamy white; large and of fine shape; a 
free grower and bloomer. 

Mad. Koster — Large, red, very fine. Best of the 
red flowering. 

Jackmani — Flowers, when fully expanded, 4 to 6 
inches in diameter, intense violet-purple, with a 
rich velvety appearance, distinctly veined. It 
blooms continually from July until cut off by 
frosts. The very best and hardiest variety in 
cultivation. 



155 



Madam Edouard Andre — Has been called the 
Crimson Jackmani. The plant is a strong, vig- 
orous grower, and very free in bloom. Color a 
distinct crimson-red. Entirely distinct from all 
other varieties. 

Ramona — A strong, rampant grower and a true, 
perpetual bloomer, flowers appearing on the 
last year's growth and on the new shoots, giv- 
ing an abundance of bloom all through the sea- 
son. Color deep rich lavender. 

SMALL-FLOWERING CLEMATIS 

Coccinea — A very handsome, hardy climber, bear- 
ing thick, bell-shaped flowers of bright coral- 
red. Blooms with wonderful profusion from 
June until frost. 




CL.EMATI.S PANICULATA 



Paniculata (Sweet-Scented Japan Clematis) — A 
Japanese plant possessing unusually attractive 
merit. A vine of very rapid growth, quickly 
covering trellises and arbors with handsome, 
clean, glossy green foliage. The flowers are of 
medium size, pure white, borne in immense 
sheets, and of a most delicious fragrance. The 
flowers appear in September, at a season when 
very few other vines are in bloom. 



Roses 




Read the article on roses on page where cultu'-- 
al directions are given. 

HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES 

The hybrid perpetuals are among the most val- 
uable of all roses. They are particularly desirable 
for cold climates, because they are entirely hardy. 

The flowers of this class are very double and of 
immense size (frequently from four to five inches 
in diameter), delightfully fragrant, and of the 
most gorgeous and dazzling colors. The plant is 
a strong, vigorous grower, requiring but little at- 
tention, and surviving all ordinary hardships. 
Though slight protection in winter, in very ex- 
posed places, is always desirable, these are the 
hardiest roses and may be expected to bear any 
reasonable degree of cold. 

When once established, they all bloom freely at 
the usual time, early in the season, and continue 
to bloom at short intervals during the summer 
and autumn months. They are much improved 
in size and beauty by good cultivation and 
rich ground. 

Baronne Prevost — Pure rose color; very large, 
with full, flat form; a free bloomer, fragrant, 
very hardy. 

Boule de Neige — Snow-white. The best bloomer 
among" h}'l3rid perpetual roses. 

Baron de Bonstettin — Rich, velvety maroon; large 
and full. One of the finest roses we grow. 



Baroness Rothschild — One of the most beautiful 
of all roses. The flowers are of immense size, 
perfect form and exquisite color, a rich and 
lovely shade of pale pink, nearly white; delight- 
fully perfumed. Being very difficult to propa- 
gate, it is always scarce and high-priced. 

Coquette des Blanches — A finely formed, pure 
white rose, occasionally shows light flesh when 
first opening; beautiful shell-shaped petals, 
evenly arranged. Flowers of good size, perfect, 
and of fine form and finish. One of the finest 
and most beautiful of the white hybrids. Very 
suitable for cemetery planting. 

Coquette des Alpes — White, tinged with pale rose; 
medium size; fine form; free bloomer. 

Charles Lefebvre — Reddish crimson; very velvety 
and rich; large, full and beautifully formed; a 
splendid sort. 

Countess of Oxford — A very large, dark red, rich 
colored rose. 

Duke of Edinburg — Brilliant, scarlet crimson, 
shaded maroon; very fine. 

Dupuy Jamain — Bright cherry red, shaded; large. 

Duke de Cazes — Blackish, velvety crimson. 

Duke of Teck — Vivid scarlet crimson; one of the 
finest roses grown. 

Duke of Wellington — Bright, velvety red, shaded 
with blackish maroon, center fiery red; large, 
full and perfect. 

Eclair — lirilliant carmine: an extra fine bloomer, 
distinct. 

Etienne Levet — Carmine; large splendid form. 

Eugene Furst — Velvety crimson, shaded with 
deeper crimson. A large, full flower, a first- 
class rose. 

Francois Levet — A splendid rose, flowering freely 
and very full; fresh, clear rose, bright and glis- 
tening. The flower is large and of fine form. 

Fisher Holmes — Most brilliant scarlet to dark red. 
Velvety, very pretty. 

Francois Michelon — Deep carmine rose, very 
large, full; fragrant and a fine bloomer. 

Frau Karl Druschki — The finest white Hybrid 
Perpetual Rose, with large, full flowers of splen- 
did form. A very free bloomer. 



156 THE GRBBNING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 




GENERAL JACaiEMIXOT 



General Jacqueminot — Brilliant velvety crimson; 
large, showy, and a fine prower; a magnificent 
variety. One of the most popular sorts grown. 

General Washington — Scarlet crimson; very large 
and fine; not quite as vigorous as General Jac- 
queminot. 

Glory of Waltham — Silvery appearance; large, 
beautiful and waxy. 

Jean Cherpin — Violet plum; cupped; fine. 

Jean Soupert — Dark plum; large, full and fine. 

John Hopper — Bright rose; large and full. A pro- 
fuse bloomer and a standard sort. Free grower. 

Jules Margotten — Bright cherry red; large and 
full; a truly beautiful rose. 

Leopold Houseman — A very choice rose, deep 
crimson, large, with fine lobes; new.- 

Louis Van Houtte — Bright rose carmine; full; 
very large; fine globular form; deliciously per- 
fumed. 

La France — .Silver rose color; large and full; a 
constant bloomer; fine scented. 

Lady Arthur Hill — Brilliant red; large, showy, 
profuse bloomer. 

Mabel Morrison — A sport from Baroness Roth- 
schild; flesh white, changing to pure white; in 
the autumn tinged with rose; double, cup-shaped 
flowers, freely produced. 



Madam Plantier — Pure white; large and double; 
blooms abundantly in clusters; very fine, hardy 
rose. 

Madame Charles Wood — Deep rosy crimson, 
sometimes brilliant scarlet; very large and fine 
form. An early, constant and free bloomer. 

Madame Lacharme — White, sometimes faintly 
shaded with pink, moderately large. A free 
bloomer in spring. 

Madame Victor Verdier — Brilliant carmine crim- 
son; large, full, beautiful shape; a free bloomer 
and very fragrant. 

Magna Charta — Bright, rosy pink, flushed with 
carmine; very large, full and double; fragrant. 

Marie Bauman — Brilliant carmine crimson; 
large, full and of exquisite color and form; very 
fragrant. 




MARSHALL P. WILDER 



Marshall P. Wilder — Cherry carmine; continues 
in bloom long after other varieties are out of 
flower. The finest hybrid perpetual rose yet 
produced. (See cut.) 

Merveille de Lyon — Pure white, shaded and 
marked with satiny rose; flowers very large, 
double and of a beautiful cup shape; a superb 
variety; moderate grower. 

Mrs. John H. Laing — As a bedding rose this is 
undoubtedly one of the best varieties yet in- 
troduced, being hardly, ever out of bloom all 
summer. Color a beautiful shade of delicate 



pink; of large size and very fragrant. It is also a 
good forcer from January onwards. Perfectly 
hardy. 




PAUL NEYRON 



Paul Neyron — Deep rose color; good tough 
foliage; wood rather smooth; by far the larg- 
est variety in cultivation, often producing 
blooms five inches in diameter. A free bloom- 
er; very desirable as a garden rose; valuable 
for forcing. Vigorous. (See cut.) 

Perle des Blanches — Pure white; medium size, 
good form; fragrant. 

Pierre Netting — Blackish red; shaded with vel- 
vet; globular in form; very large and full, and 
one of the finest dark roses. 

Persian Yellow — Fine, yellow, sweet-scented 
rose; vigorous grower, fine foliage. 

Prince Camille de Rohan — Deep velvety crimson; 
very large, moderately full. A splendid rose. 

Sir Rowland Hill — New. A grand deep crimson 
flower, distinct from all other varieties; very 
fragrant; matchless in beauty and a perpetual 
feast of joy to every grower. The best bloomer 
-we propagate; always gives entire satisfaction. 

Ulrich Brimner — Flower very large and full; col- 
or, cherry red; beautiful, large shell-shaped pet- 
als. Extra fine. 

White Baroness — Pure white; hardy; late bloom- 
er; beautiful. 



THB GREENING LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



157 




BABY RAMBLER EVER-BLOOMING ROSE 

From a True Photograph 



BABY RAMBLER ROSE (Mme. Levavasseur) 

i The discovery of the Baby Rambler Rose has 

created a sensation among all who enjoy the 
beauty of the queen of flowers — the rose. It 
j originated' at Ussy, France, and is a sport of the 
I Crimson Rambler, color rosy red. It is strictly a 
bush rose of thrifty growth and blooms profusely 
' during the entire summer, from June until late 
in the fall. It is the only rose in cultivation that 
\ blooms all summer, bearing large clusters of 
beautiful, rosy red flowers, often as many as fifty 
\ or more flowers on one single stem from young- 
shoots. It is the most prolific bearer of any rose 
■ grown. For indoor or window gardening it gives 
I entire satisfaction, and under favorable conditions 
will bloom all winter. It may be taken up out of the 
garden in the fall for winter blooming, after the 
wood has ripened up, and transplanted into large 
j pots for window gardening; or it may be used 
i for winter blooming and again transplanted out 
I in the garden in the spring. In either case, after 
( transplanting, the branches should be cut back to 
short stubs 3 or 4 inches long. They thrive best 
in very rich soil. Cutting back all the wood to 
short stubs 4 or 5 in. long each spring is abso- 
lutely necessary to insure heavy blooming. 
White Baby Rambler Rose (Madam Zeimet. 
New) — Similar in every respect to Baby 
Rambler except the color, which is pure white. 



For bedding purposes the two make a splendid 
combination. Perfectly hardy; however we 
recommend some protection by covering with 

■ leaves during winter. This valuable new rose 
furnished a continuous crop of flowers the 
entire summer. 

Crimson Baby Rambler — A compact bush about 
2 feet high, with broad clusters of crimson flow- 
ers like those of the Crimson Rambler. One of 
the finest bedding roses ever nitroduced. 

A BLUE ROSE 

The long-looked for novelty an accomplished 
fact. 

Veilchenblau (Violet Blue) — The new rambler, 
"Veilchenblau" (Violet Blue), which is hailed 
by the German rose growers as the forerunner 
of a genuinely cornflower blue rose, is a seed- 
ling of Crimson Rambler. The blossoms, 
massed in large umbels, are semi-double, of 
medium size. The color, on first unfolding, is 
either reddish pink or purplish pink, then turns 
amethyst, and finally steel blue as the flower 
fades. The general color impression is that of 
the March violet. The yellow stamens appear 
in sharp contrast to the blue petals. The plant 
is vigorous in growth, with shining green 
foliage and few but sharp thorns. So far it has 
not suffered from mildew and is considered one 
of the most hardy ramblers. 

CLIMBING ROSES 

Among these beautiful climbing plants, the 
Ramblers rank first. The perfect hardiness of 
this class of roses, their strong growth and lux- 
uriant foliage, adapt them for covering arbors, 
walls, trellises and unsightly objects; which to- 
gether with their immense clusters of beautiful 
flowers commend them to all lovers of the beauti- 
ful. The pruning consists of cutting back one- 
third of the previous year's growth. 
Baltimore Belle — Pale white; verj"- double, flowers 

in beautiful clusters; one of the best white 

climbers. 

Gem of the Prairies — A valuable Hybrid. Is a 
cross between Mad. Laflay and Queen of the 
Prairies; bright red, blotched with white; large, 
very double and fragrant. 

Seven Sisters — Vary in color from blush to crim- 
son; blooms in large clusters. 

Queen of the Prairies — Bright, rosy red, striped 
with white; large and cupped; most beautiful 
and valuable of the class. 

Russell's Cottage — Rich crimson, medium size; 
very double and full; blooms abundantly. 



Crimson Rambler — This is the most decided nov- 
elty in roses we have had for years. Intro- 
duced from Japan in 1893, it has been a source 
of wonder and admiration wherever exhibited. 
The plant is a vigorous grower, making shoots 
from eight to ten feet long in a season. A 
charming pillar rose; for covering trellises or 
buildings there is nothing finer. The flowers 
are grown in great pyramidal panicles, each 
carrying thirty to one hundred blooms and over, 
the individual flowers are one to one and one- 
half inches in diameter and remain in perfect 
condition for a long time. The color is bright, 
vivid crimson, showing none of the purplish tint 
so commonly seen in crimson roses. 

Ever-blooming Climbing Crimson Rambler Rose 

(New. Flower of Fairfield) — The latest tri- 
umph in rose production. A scientific wonder 
in the art of hybridization. The only ever- 
blooming climbing rose in cultivation. Simi- 
lar in color, hardiness and thriftiness to Crim- 
son Rambler, and produces a continuous crop 
of roses in large clusters during the entire 
summer season from July till frost. This won- 
derful acquisition is now offered by us for the 
first time. Our stock comes direct from the 
originator in Europe. 

Tausendschoen — New, from Germany. The most 
prolific bloomer of any rose yet introduced; 
bears in heavy clusters like Crimson Rambler, 
flowers larger and fragrant, color pink, very 
hardy and rapid grower. Winner of German 
Horticultural Prize. 




YELLOW BABY RAMBLER 



158 THE GRBBNING PICTORIAL SYSTEM OP LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



Yellow Rambler (Aglaia) — A yellow hardy 
climber. It is a blood relation to the Crimso i 
Rambler, which it much resembles in growth 
and foliage. It also blooms after the same 
manner as the Crimson Rambler, in large 
trusses. The plant is a very vigorous grower, 
making shoots 8 to 10 feet high in one season 
after becoming well established. 

White Rambler (Thalia) — Resembles Crimson 
Rambler in foliage and habit of growth; flow- 
ers pure white in large clusters. 

HYBRID TEA ROSES 

A beautiful class of half hardy roses, combining 
the free flowering qualities of the Tea class with 
the rich coloring and to some extent the hardi- 
ness of the Hybrid Perpetual. Though not as 
hardy as the Hybrid Perpetuals, they are much 
hardier than the Teas, and will stand out during 
winter wherever the Bourbon will and where the 
Teas would be killed to the ground. They should 
be slightly protected with leaves during the win- 
ter. 

La France — Delicate silvery rose, changing to a 
silvery pink; very large, full; of fine globular 
form; a most constant bloomer. The sweetest 
and most useful of all roses; none can surpass 
the delicacy of its coloring. Free grower. 




GLOIRE DE DIJON 



Gloire de Dijon — A combination of salmon, 
orange and bufif; flowers large and of good, 
globular form. Half hardy. Pinching off the 
ends of the vigorous shoots of this rose, as 
they grow, will compel the buds along the 
shoots to grow out, and each bud will then pro- 
duce a large, fine flower. This is a grand pillar 
rose on account of its rapid growing habit. It 
should be layered in winter the same as all Hy- 
brid Teas and covered witli leaves. 



Hermosa — Light rose; large, full and double; 
blooms profusely in clusters. One of the best. 

Madame Schwaller — A variety of great freedom 
in bloom. Color rosy flesh, paler at the base 
of the petal, and deeper on the edges. Globu- 
lar when opening, becoming cupped when ex- 
panded. Of bushy growth, and very free flow- 
ering. A valuable variety for pot culture; very 
fragrant. 

Meteor — A rich, dark, velvety crimson, free- 
blooming rose, as fine in color as the best of 
the Hybrid Perpetuals; the flowers are of good 
size, very double, and perfect in shape, either 
as buds or when fully opened; .the plant is 
vigorous and remarkably free flowering. A splen- 
did sort for pot culture, and the best of all the 
Hybrid Teas as a bedding variety for summer 
cut flowers, as it retains its color well even in 
the hottest weather, with no shade of purple to 
mar its beauty. 

Pierre Guillot — Bright, dazzling crimson passing 
to brilliant carmine; flowers large, very double 
and full, and highly scented; a healthy and vig- 
orous grower, and a constant bloomer from 
June till frost. The outer petals are broad, 
round and decidedly recurved, showing the 
short, closely set inner petals. 

MOSS ROSES 

This division of roses embraces many of the 
most desirable qualities. The fine mossy buds, 
large fragrant flowers and perfect hardiness, 
make it a universal favorite. The soil for this 
class of roses is benefited by an application of 
well-rotted manure and a moderate pruning. 

Comtesse de Murinais — Pure white; large; very 
desirable; the finest white moss. 

Crested — Deep pink buds, surrounded with mossy 
fringe. Very beautiful, and free from mildew. 

Luxembourg — Deep crimson; fine grower. 

Princesse Adelaide — A vigorous grower; pale 
rose, of medium size and good form; good in 
bud and flower. 

PERPETUAL MOSS ROSES 

This class embraces those varieties of Moss 
Roses that bloom several times during one sea- 
son. 

Blanche Robert — Flowers pure white, large and 
full; buds very beautiful; a rampant grower, 
being almost as vigorous as a climber. 



Daniel de Paul — Very dark, blackish carmine; 
full, with good form; one of the best bloomers 
of this class. 

Madame Edouard Ory — A moderate grower of 
medium to large size; full. 

Salet — A vigorous grower and free bloomer. 
Light rose, large, full. The best of the class. 

Perpetual White — Pure white; produces very 
few flowers. 

POLYANTHA ROSES 

These are sometimes called "Fairy" Roses be- 
cause of their small flowers, which are yet full 
and regularly formed, with colors as fine as the 
larger Teas. Usually they are borne in great 
clusters, which, together with their neat, hardy, 
everblooming habit, make them valuable for bed- 
ding 

Clothilde Soupert — A grand free-flowering rose; 
fine for bedding out or pot culture. The flow- 
ers are very double and handsomely formed, 
with outer petals pearl-white, shading to a 
center of rosy pink. 

Mignonette — Clear pink flowers, changing to 
white; very double. Young shoots frequently 
carry from 40 to 60 flowers. 

Mosella (Yellow Soupert) — A valuable new Poly- 
antha. Dwarf and bushy, a mass of bloom the 
whole year. Color light yellow, shading to 
white at edge of petals. Quite hardy; will 
stand the severest winters with but slight pro- 
tection. 

Pink Soupert — An excellent pinTc rose, surpass- 
ing even Clothilde Soupert in freedom of 
bloom. Strong, healthy grower, and a fine, 
hardy bedding rose. Dainty and effective. 

HYBRID NOISETTE ROSES 

This is a group of considerable importance. 
They generally flower in small clusters, and 
bloom freely throughout the year. The flowers 
are mostly white, and though small are generally 
of good form. They require a little more care in 
their protection than the Hybrid Perpetuals. 

Coquette des Alpes, vig. or free. (Lacharme, 1867.) 
White, slightly shaded with carmine; medium 
size; form semi-cupped; wood long-jointed; 
larger flowers than the others. The strongest 
grower of the entire class. 



THB GRBBN I N G LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROB, M I C PI I G A N 



159 



Coquette des Blanches, vig. or free. (Lacharme, 
1872.) Pure white, sometimes faintly tinged 
with pink; flowers of medium size, somewhat 
flat, but full and very pretty; growth more 
bushy and symmetrical than any of the others. 
One of the hardiest. Later than the rest in 
coming into flower. 

TREE ROSES 

For certain forms of gardening, a rosebush 
trained in tree form is most desirable. They are 
grown as small trees, 3 to 4 feet high, with a 
round head, and, when covered with the magnifi- 
cent flowers they bear, are indeed uniciue and 
beautiful. The following varieties are the best 
adapted to this form of growing: 

Crimson Rambler. Crimson. 

Dorothy Perkins. Pink. 

Baby Rambler. Crimson. 

Frau Karl Druschki. White. 

Ulrich Brunner. Cherry-red. 

General Jacqueminot. Brilliant crimson. 

Mrs. John Laing. Soft pink. 



Selected Hardy Perennials 

From a long list of hardy herbaceous peren- 
nials, we select the following as being the choic- 
est and most satisfactory for ornamental garden- 
ing. W'e advise either late fall or early spring 
planting in very rich soil, deeply worked. For an 
effective border, use plants of the same variety 
and color as much as possible. Perennials are 
most effective if planted in groups along the bor- 
ders of mass plantings of shrubbery so as to 
blend into the surrounding groups with pleasing 
contrast. 

Perennials die to the ground in winter and 
grow up again early in the spring. The stalk 
increases in size with each year, and in most in- 
stances needs to be dug up after four or five 
years and replanted after the stalks are separated. 
Several varieties mentioned are especially adapted 
for borders. We mention height of growth so 
as to aid in making selections for certain effects. 
Further information, if desired, on the subject of 
hardy herbaceous plants, will be cheerfully given. 



Acanthus, Spinosus (Bear's Breech) — 'Grows 1^4 
ft. A hardy and exceedingly decorative plant 
with handsome foliage and showy flowers. Na- 
tive of Europe. Leaves about two feet long 
and a foot wide, with deeply incised and 
toothed segments. Flowers rosy purple, in tall 
spikes during late summer. The Acanthus leaf 
has been widely copied in art and appears in 
more or less conventionalized form in many 
classic designs. 

Achillea (Achillea ptarmica flore pleno, The 

Pearl) — "Double-flowered white tansy." A 
free-flowering herb with a profusion of small 
double white flowers almost throughout the 
season. It is a garden form of the European 
White Tansy, and grows one to two feet tall. 
It is very valuable for cut flowers, and on ac- 
count of its remarkable floriferous character is 
one of the most popular of hardy perennials. 

Anemone (Anemone Canadensis, A. Pennsyl- 
vanica. Canadian Wind-flower) — A very hardy, 
showy species, spreading rapidly by under- 
ground root-stocks. Leaves rich green, borne 
on long petioles, with 3 to 5 cleft and toothed 
divisions. Flowers white, profusely borne in 
early summer. Splendid for ground cover in 
the shrub border or for colonizing in open 
moist woods. Height 1 to 2 ft. 

Aquilegia (The Columbines) — Many colors. 
Graceful hardy herbs with branched stems 
terminated by showy, mostly nodding flowers. 
They are delightful plants with compound 
glaucous-green leaves. They thrive best in 
moist, loamy soils, fully exposed to the sun. 

Aster (The Michaelmas Daisies) — Many varieties, 
grows 2 feet. The showy perennial Asters are 
becoming more and more popular as garden 
plants, both on account of their beauty and the 
wealth of blossoms which are produced so 
late in the season, when other flowers are often 
past. They are of easy culture in ordinary soil 
and conditions, and are hardy and desirable. 

Astilbe (Japanese Astilbe. Astilbe japonica. Au- 
gust bloomer) — A hardy border plant with clus- 
tered stems 1 to 3 feet tall. Native of Japan. 
Leaves compound, consisting of several bright 
green serrate leaflets. Flowers white, disposed 
in a broad racemose panicle. A charming and 
graceful perennial, perhaps most familiar to us 
as a greenhouse plant. 

Bocconia (Bocconia cordata. Plume Poppy) — 
Beautiful hardy plants with large foliage which 
produces a picturesque effect. An attractive 



plant growing 6 to 8 ft. high, and long spikes 
of white flowers in August. Well adapted for 
single lawn specimens, or for the subtropical 
garden. 

Campanula (Campanula carpatica. Carpathian 
Harebell) — A charming little plant growing in 
dense tufts about 6 to 12 inches high. Native 
of the Carpathian mountains of Austria, Leaves 
dark green, ovate or heart-shaped, with coarse- 
ly-toothed margins. Flowers large, often an 
inch or more across, varying from white to 
deep blue. Very free flowering, producing 
blossoms almost throughout the summer. 




HAKDY CHRYSANTHEMUMS 



Chrysanthemum (The Hardy Pompon Chrysan- 
themum) — Various colors. The lateness of the 
blossoming period of these hardy plants, which 
occurs when other subjects of the garden have 
been destroyed by frost, commends them 
and accounts for their universal popularity. 
The earliest frosts of autumn do not materially 
affect the blossoms, and even in late fall or 
early winter their bright and showy flowers 
lend a cheerful aspect. They thrive in almost 
any garden soil, and although quite hardy, are 
benefited by a light covering of litter or leaves 
in the winter. 

Delphinium (The Larkspur) — Blue flowers, grow 
3 ft. Very beautiful hardy plants with lobed or 
divided rich green leaves, and showy flowers in 
large racemes or panicles. They are universally 
admired and of easy culture. A deep, rich, 
loamy soil with sunny exposure is best 
adapted to their requirements. 



160 THB GRBBNING PICTORIAL SYSTBM OP LANDSCAPB GARDBNI NG 



Dicentra, or Dielytra (Bleeding Heart) — A very 
handsome plant with finely divided glaucous 
leaves, of graceful fern-like aspect. Grows 
naturally from Western New York southward 
to Georgia. Flowers heart-shaped, deep rose, 
nodding in slender scape-like racemes. A 
charming dainty species, attaining a height of 
12 to 15 inches, and blossoming at intervals 
from spring until autumn. 

Digitalis (Foxglove) — Many colors. Stately and 
handsome, the Foxglove possesses the dignity 
and atmosphere of the old-time garden, and yet 
has lost nothing in the competition and prog- 
ress of more modern garden plants, which in 
vain would rival it. The stems vary from 2 to 
3 ft. in height, densely leafy at the base, bear- 
ing long spire-like racemes of large, drooping 
flowers, which var3' from Avhite to purple, 
usually more or less spotted. 

Eulalia (Hardy Grasses) — Several varieties, grows 
3 to 4 ft. These beautiful hardy grasses are 
deserving of the highest commendation. For 
the garden they are invaluable, being very 
showy and ornamental, and of easy cultivation. 
They should be in every collection. 

Funkia (Undulata) — Silver-leaved, lavender flower, 
fine for border, grows 12 in. 

Funkia — Golden-leaved. 

Gaillardia (Blanket Flower) — A genus of very 
ornamental hardy plants. Flowers yellow or 
purple, 2 inches across, single on naked stems. 
Very showy. Early summer until autumn. 

Hollyhocks — Many colors, hardy, grow 3 to 4 ft. 
A collection of fine double sorts. 

The Iris — The grand and royal colors of the flow- 
ers of these superb hardy plants, so often soft- 
ly blended or else intensified in various lines or 
marks, are not surpassed by those of any gar- 
den subject. They are invaluable in the 
herbaceous borders, both on account of their 
hardiness and easy culture, and for the lavish 
wealth of blossoms that crown their numerous 
stems. A sunny situation in moist, rich loam 
is best adapted to their requirements, and as 
the clumps increase in size, liberal enriching 
of the ground or even replanting, will result in 
a great gain in the size and number of the 
flowers. 

Iris — German. Many colors. Grows 18 inches. 
Hardy and productive. 

Iris — Japanese. Leaves 12 to 18 inches long, 
Ijright green, much overtopped bv the strong. 



stout stems, which are 2 to 3 ft. tall. Flowers 
very large and showy, 6 to 8 inches across, white 
and of various shades of blue, violet, lavender 
and purple. They are among the most beauti- 
ful of flowering plants, rivaling even the orchids 
in their rich tints and markings. Native of 
Japan. We offer a superb collecton of mixed 
varieties, including a wide range -of colors. 

Lychnis (Maltese Cross) — A charming old-fash- 
ioned flower with the petals arranged in the 
form of a maltese cross. Stems tufted from a 
leafy base, 2 to 3 ft. tall, producing compact 
terminal heads of brilliant orange-scarlet flow- 
ers throughout the summer. Very free-flower- 
ing and desirable. Probably of Japanese origin. 

Paeonia — These magnificent plants are among the 
showiest and choicest in our gardens. They are 
grand, and like the roses, are practically indis- 
pensable. The fragrance and delicate tints and 
shades of their beautiful flowers commend 
them, and combined with all these noble traits, 
they are absolutely hardy and of the easiest 
culture. Paeonies thrive best in a deep moist 
loam, well enriched, with full exposure to the 
sun. The plants should be set two or three 
inches below the surface of the ground, and 
are benefited by an annual top dressing of com- 
post. We offer a superb collection of varieties 
in separate colors or mixtures in both single 
and double forms. 

Phlox, Subulata — For edging, white and rose, 
dwarf, very early. These are justly esteemed 
as the finest of herbaceous plants. They are of 
dwarf habit, perfectly hardy, of very easy cul- 
ture, and yield a profusion of bright, showy 
bloom. They are hardly equaled by any other 
hardy plant for the decoration of the garden. 

Phlox — Many varieties, grows 3 ft. The beautiful 
Phlox are universal favorites and rank among 
the showiest of garden plants. The great pro- 
fusion of the showy flowers and the huge size 
of the panicles of the tall-growing forms, are 
features that few perennials can parallel. They 
are very hardy, and of easy culture, thriving best 
in moist, fertile loam. There are numerous 
species and varieties, differing in habit, time of 
lilossoming and color of flowers. 

Platycodon (Chinese Bell-flower or Balloon 
Flower) — Very hardy and floriferous, and Q-e 
of the extra good perennials. Stems 1 to 2 ft. 
high, much branched, of dense habit. Leaves 
lanceolate, sharply and irregularly toothed, 
flowers blue or white. Native of China and 
Japan. 



Pyrethrum (Giant Daisy) — A fine plant, bearing 
white flowers with a yellow disk in profusion. 
Height 4 to 5 feet. September. - 

Rudbeckia (Golden Glow, or Summer Chrysanthe- 
mum) — A very showy, hardy perennial with 
double golden yellow flowers. Stems 4 to 6 ft. 
tall, leafy up to the inflorescence. Leaves 
bright green, deeply 3 to 5 lobed. Flowers 
very full and double, borne in great masses in 
late summer. A very popular free-flowering 
plant. There are many varieties. 

Salvia (Hardy Sage) — Many colors; grows 1 to 2 
feet. 

Spiraea (Meadow Sweet) — Comes in many varie- 
ties; among the most ornamental and valuable 
of herbaceous plants, and of easy culture; flow- 
ers deep rose, in large heads; of a robust habit; 
contrasts finely with Ulmaria fl. pi.; 2 to 3 feet. 

Stokesia (Stokes' Aster) — A rare hardy plant of 
surpassing beauty. Stems branched, 1 to 2 ft. 
high, very leafy at the base. Flowers blue or 
purplish blue, 3 to 4 inches across; resembling 
a China Aster. The leaves are of a rich green 
color, gradually diminishing in size up the stem, 
the uppermost almost clasping. Grows natu- 
rally in South Carolina and Georgia. 

Dianthus (Sweet William and Garden Pinks) — In 
variety. These charming old-fashioned gems 
are not only favorites in our' gardens, but the^ 
combine so many attributes of merit, such as 
hardiness, beauty and free-flowering qualities, 
that we confidently recommend them to all 
planters. They thrive in warm loamy soils, 
preferring sunny exposures. They are very 
valuable for border planting and rockeries. 

Tritoma (Red-hot Poker) — Splendid late-bloom- 
ing plants; flower stems 3 to 4 ft. in height, 
with spikes a foot or more in length, of rich, 
pendent, orange-red and scarlet tubulous flow- 
ers. Require a slight covering in winter. 

Trillium (Wood Lily) — Very effective and showy, 
early flowering native plants, deserving a place 
in every garden. Grows 6 to 9 inches. 

Yucca Filamentosa (Adam's Needle) — A stately 
plant with stiff evergreen foliage. Flowering 
stems 4 to 6 ft. tall, branched near the summit 
and bearing numerous drooping creamy-white 
flowers in summer. The great profusion of the 
large, showy blossoms, so majestically borne, 
lends a bold and imposing aspect. Every gar- 
den should ha\e this grand hardi^ species. 
Grows naturally from North Carolina to Flori- 
da and Mississippi. 



fHB GRBBNING LANDSCAPU COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



Bulbs for Spring Planting 



CANNAS 

Stately and highly ornamental plants, growing 
from five to ten feet high; and forming one of the 
most beautiful and striking objects for the lawn 
and for large circular beds. Cannas should be 
planted early in spring in rich soil, deeply dug 
and heavily manured. The roots should be pre- 
served in dry sand or sawdust during the winter. 

Ehemanni — The most distinct of all Cannas, on 
account of its large, oval, soft green leaves and 
carmine-red flowers, which are produced on 
long flower stems, each stem producing from 
12 to IS large, drooping flowers. The flowers 
are as large as Gladiolus, and are used to ad- 
vantage in bouquet making. This is one of the 
most striking and desirable Cannas ever intro- 
duced and cannot be too highly recommended. 




CANNA GIGANTIC 



Gigantic — Perhaps the best of the tall-growing 
Cannas. Leaves very large and of a reddish 
color; flowers crimson red. One of the most 
rapid growers. They have a decidedly striking 
appearance. (See cut.) 

Nouttoni — Is ciuite distinct from Ehemanni in 
coloring, being a rich shade of crimson-scarlet. 
The flowers are very large, growing erect in- 
stead of drooping. The foliage is of a brilliant 
bluish-green, growing very compact, and re- 
markably free-flowering, forming nearly solid 
masses of rich, warm coloring. The plant does 
not exceed six feet in height. 

Flaccida — This beautiful little native, found in 
the swamp? of Florida and other Southern 



states, is one of the most effective of all Can- 
nas for gardens. The flowers are three or four 
inches long, and are a delicate lemon-yellow 
color with a peculiar crimped or waved margin, 
giving a most pleasing effect. It blooms nearly 
a month earlier than the other Cannas, 

LARGE FLOWERED DWARF CANNAS 

Nothing can be more eft'ectivc for grouping on 
lawns or for large beds in parks than these ever- 
blooming Cannas. They commence to flower in 
a short time after planting and are a mass of gor- 
geous colors until stopped by frost in fall. When 
grown as pot plants they are beautiful specimens 
for the porch in summer and continue to bloom 
all winter if taken into the house or conservatory. 
The tubers should be dug up in the fall after the 
first frost and put away in a cool cellar in dry 
sand or sawdust for winter storage. 

Duchess de Mortemart — Broad, deep green 
foliage; large, well rounded flowers; deep ca- 
nary yellow, heavily spotted and flaked crim- 
son. 

Egandale — One of the finest dark-leaved varieties. 
Foliage dark maroon and green; of erect habit; 
very compact; throwing up numerous heads of 
bloom; color bright cherry red. 

Francois Crozy — This variety is identical with 
Mad. Crozy in habit and general style of 
growth; flowers bright orange, bordered with 
a narrow edge of gold; one of the most desira- 
ble shades. 

Felix Grouse — Plant strong grower, four to five 
feet high; foliage deep green; flower spikes very 
numerous; deep scarlet. 

Geoffrey St. Hilaire — Rich bronze-purple foliage, 
and large, well-shaped flowers of a rich glow- 
ing scarlet overlaid with orange; four to five 
feet high. 

Henry A. Dreer — Flowers large, of a very rich 
crimson; foliage bronze-purple; entirely dis- 
tinct. Four feet. 

L. Guill — Flowers very large, of a beautiful rich 
salmon color; foliage green. Five feet. 

Lutea Splendens — Large, dark green leaves; 'flow- 
ers large, on strong spikes; canary yellow, 
spotted light maroon. Four to five feet high. 

Miss Sarah Hill — Showy, deep carmine flowers; 
large full spike; foliage green. 

Maurice Rivoire — ^Large flowers, vermilion scar- 
let; foliage bronzy purple. Four feet. 



M. Ferrand — Deep bronzy foliage; crimson scar- 
let flowers. 

Paul Marquant — One of the most pleasing and 
beautiful on account of its large size and dis- 
tinct and novel color. The flowers stand out 
from the spike in such a manner as to attract 
special attention. Color a beautiful shade of 
bright salmon with a carmine tint. 

Star of '91 — A grand variety for pot culture. It is 
a dwarf, compact grower, rarely exceeding two 
and one-half feet in height, and is a perpetual 
bloomer, summer and winter, if kept growing; 
flowers very large, in large compact panicles; 
colors rich, glowing orange-scarlet, faintly 
banded with golden yellow. 

Souv. de Asa Gray — Dense metallic green foliage; 
fine, large, orange-crimson flowers. 

Statuaire Fulconis — Rich, dazzling scarlet, shaded 
amaranth,' foliage deep green. Four feet. 

Tete d'Or — A vigorous grower, three and one-half 
to four feet high; foliage green; very free flow- 
ering; flowers large and show3'; golden yellow, 
distinctly spotted with carmine. 

Victor Hugo — Dark, bronzy green foliage; flowers 
large, bright, dazzling scarlet. Three to four 
feet. 

CALADIUMS 

One of the most striking of the ornamental 
foliage plants, either for pot or lawn planting. It 
will grow in any good garden soil; it is easy of 
culture, a full-sized plant being four or -five feet 
in height, with immense leaves frequently three 
feet long. The roots should be preserve! in dry 
sand in the cellar during winter. 

DAHLIAS 

The Dahlia is one of the most showy of our 
autumn flowers. Commencing to flower in Au- 
gust, they are a perfect blaze of bloom until 
stopped by frost in late autumn. The Cactus, 
Single and Pompon varieties are especialljr fine 
for cut flowers. We know of nothing more 
showy for table decoration than a loosely ar- 
ranged bunch of long-stemmed Cactus or Single 
Dahlias. They delight in a deep rich soil, should 
be planted three and one-half to four feet apart 
and be tied to heavy stakes to prevent strong 
winds from breaking them down. The roots 
should be dug up in the fall and hung up in a dry 
cellar during winter. 



162 ThH GRHBNING pictorial SYSTEM OP LANDSCAPH GARDBNI NG 



GLADIOLI 

The Gladiolus is the most beautiful of the sum- 
mer or tender bulbs, with tall spikes of flowers, 
some two or more feet in height, often several 
from the same bulb. The flowers are of almost- 
every desirable color, brilliant scarlet crimson, 
creamy white, striped, blotched and spotted in the 
most curious manner. As cut flowers they are the 
most lasting of anything we know. By cutting the 
spikes when two or three of the lower flowers are 
open, the entire spike will open in the most beauti- 
ful manner. Set the bulbs from six to nine inches 
apart and about four inches deep. Plant from 
middle of April to first of June. It is a good way 
to plant at two or three different times, ten days 
or two weeks apart. This will give a succession of 
bloom from July to November. In the fall, be- 
fore hard frost, take up the bulbs, remove the tops, 
leave to dry in the air for a few days, and store 
in some cool place, secure from the frost, until 
spring. 

TUBEROSES 

One of the most beautiful summer flowering 
plants, producing spikes from two to three feet 
high, of double, pure waxy white flowers, delight- 
fully fragrant. May be kept in bloom for a long 
time by planting from the first of April to the 
first of June. Very desirable for bouquets or bas- 
kets. 

Hardy Bulbs for Fall Planting 

We give herewith a list of the choicest flower- 
ing Bulbs. All the kinds mentioned under this 
head are intended only for fall planting. Plant 
the bulbs three to four inches deep in a rich 
loamy or light soil. Cover the beds with leaves 
during winter six inches thick and remove early 
in spring. 

CHIONODOXA 

Luciliae — Glory of the Snow. One of the very 
best hardy spring-flowering bulbous plants, 
producing spikes of lovely azure-blue flowers, 
with pure white centers. It is perfectly hardy, 
and may be planted as edging to beds, or in 
clumps and masses. 

CROCUS 

Naturalized in the grass, or planted thickly in 
irregular lines, as a border for taller-growing 
bulbs, or grown in any way whatever, the Crocus 
is always a cheery and charming little flower. It 



opens among the first flowers of early spring, 
while the snow yet lies white on north hillsides, 
in a cold, dull time, when its bright colors are 
much appreciated. We have them in Blue, White, 
Striped and Yellow. 

GALANTHUS (Snowdrop) 

Nivalis — This, the earliest of spring-flowering 
bulbs, is universally admired for its elegant 
snow-white drooping blossoms. Plant thickly 
in groups in some sheltered spot, and the flow- 
ers will surprise you before the snow is all 
gone. 

HYACINTHS 

This deservedly popular bulbous plant is with- 
out doubt the most beautiful and useful of all 
spring-blooming bulbs; its delightful fragrance 
and the numerous tints of its beautiful trusses of 
bell-shaped flowers render it invaluable to all lov- 
ers of flowers, and afford pleasure and delight to 
millions of the human race. It is of the easiest 
culture, and with any reasonable care no one can 
fail to meet with success in its cultivation. It is, 
however, highly important to secure the bulbs and 
have them planted in the fall. 

Pot Culture — A four-inch pot is the best size for 
the successful growth of the bulb. It delights 
in light, rich, sandy soil; when placed in the pot 
the upper surface of the bulb should be above 
the soil. After potting, water thoroughly and 
place them in a dark, cool place in the cellar or 
out of doors, well covered with sand or other 
like material, there to remain until well rooted, 
when they should be taken in a few at a time, 
to keep up a succession of bloom, and set in 
a warm and light place in the house or green- 
house to bring them into flower. When in ac- 
tive growth they should have an abundance of 
water. Support the flower stems with light 
stakes, if necessary, to keep them erect. 

Glass Culture — Hyacinths are very pretty and 
very interesting when grown in glasses. Their 
management thus is simple and as follows: Fill 
the glass with clean rain water, so that the base 
of the bulb when set in the receptacle for it on 
top of the glass will just touch the water. Set 
away in a cool, dark place until well rooted. 
A succession may be kept up in the manner 
recommended for pot culture. Change the 
water frequently, washing out the roots, if nec- 
essary, to cleanse them of any foreign sub- 
stance. A piece of charcoal in the glass will 
serve to keep the water sweet, and also affords 
nourishment to the plants. 



Outdoor Culture — Plant in October or early in 
November, in soil deeply cultivated and rich. 
Set the bulbs about six inches apart and four 
inches deep, and when convenient place a hand- 
ful of sand around each to prevent rot. "Cover 
the surface of the bed with light, short manure, 
as a protection to the bulbs during the severe 
months of winter. Remove this covering as 
soon as the severe frost is gone in spring. 
After flowering, and when the foliage is well 
matured, the bulbs may be removed from the 
soil and kept dry until the following fall; or, if 
the bed is wanted for summer flowering plants 
before the foliage is ripened, the bulbs may be 
carefully removed and again covered with soil 
in any out-of-the-way corner of the garden un- 
til they have matured their foliage. Some cul- 
tivators allow their bulbs to remain in the beds 
several years undisturbed, and with excellent 
results. 

LILIES 

No class of plants capable of being cultivated 
out of doors possesses so many charms; rich and 
varied in color, stately and handsome in habit, 
profuse in variety, and of delicious fragrance. 
They thrive best in a dry, rich soil, where water 
will not stand in winter. After planting they re- 
quire very little care, and should not be disturbed 
for several years, as established plants bloom 
more freely than if taken up annually. 

Harrisii (The Bermuda Easter Lily) — The 'flow- 
ers are large, trumpet shaped, pure waxy white, 
gracefully formed and delightfully fragrant. 
The ease with which it can be forced into flow- 
er in winter has made it wonderfully popular 
as a winter flower. Tens of thousands of it are 
grown every year for church decorations at 
Easter. 

Pavdalinum — Scarlet, shading to rich yellow, spot- 
ted with purple brown. 

Speciosum Rubrum — White, beautifully spotted 
red; flowers in August. This is one of the 
most useful sections of the lily family, perfect- 
ly hardy, and flowering well under all circum- 
stances. 

Tigrinum fl. pi. (Double Tiger Lily)— Bright 
orange scarlet with dark spots; fine. 

Wallacei — Beautiful clear buft" color, spotted 
black. 



THE GRBBN IN G LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



163 



NARCISSUS 

Admirably adapted for garden decoration in 
early spring. They are easily cultivated; hardy. 
Very showy and fragrant. Should be planted in 
the fall, same as tulips. Fine for winter culture 
in pots or boxes. 

There are several quite distinct classes of Nar- 
cissus; the old yellow Daftodil, or Trumpet Nar- 
cissus, the white-flowered Pheasant's Eye or 
Poet's Narcissus, and the Polyanthus Narcissus. 
The first two are among the hardiest and most 
desirable plants of the garden, and give more 
satisfaction with less care than almost any other 
plant. 

When once established they do not need to be 
reset for several years, and will thrive in almost 
any soil. They are not only desirable for the 
garden, but equally so for the house. One to 
four bulbs set in a five-inch pot will bloom even 
in the smoky atmosphere of the city, where their 
beautiful color and delicate fragrance are doubly 
welcome. 

The Polyanthus varieties need some protection 
through winter in the North, but will do finely 
without it in the South. They are exceedingly 
valuable for flowering in pots in the house. The 
Paper White Grandiflora and the Double Roman 
may be made to come into bloom in December, 
and this, with other varieties of Narcissus, will 
give a continuous succession of profuse bloom 
until spring. They thrive best in a cool tem- 
perature. 

JONQUILS 

A species of Narcissus, native of Spain, easily 
grown in house or garden, and always a favorite 
for its bright yellow, deliciously fragrant flowers, 
which are abundantly produced on stems about a 
foot long, each bearing a cluster of florets. They 
are very popular as cut-flowers, and can be suc- 
cessfully grown by everyone. Well suited for 



window plants, as the flowers seldom fail to 
expand and continue a long time in perfection. 
Culture same as given for Narcissus. 

TULIPS 
Ready for delivery in September 

It is difficult to conceive of anything more bril- 
liant in color than a bed of good tulips. Their 
great variety of color, intense brilliancy and 
beautiful shading make them universal favorites. 
Another consideration in their favor is the ease 
with which they can be cultivated, only requiring 
good common garden soil to grow them to per- 
fection. There are no bulbs which make such a 
rich and gorgeous display of blossom with so 
little care and cultivation. 

The Dutch growers have so mastered the art 
of tulip culture that they are now able to offer 
bulbs at prices which bring them within the 
reach of all, and of a quality which leaves nothing- 
more to be desired. The tulips we offer are 



Bulbs indoors do 
not require such deep 
planting as indicated 
in the diagram, there 
being no danger from 
frost to guard against. 
Cultural directions for 
bulbs in the house are 
given in the preceding 
pages in connection 
with the various vari- 
eties. The Hyacinths, 
especially, make very 
good subjects for in- 
door pot culture. 



among the most perfect of flowers in form, 
wealth of color and variety of markings. 

The culture of tulips is the same as that of 
hyacinths, except that the bulbs should be 
planted about three inches deep and three to six 
inches apart. Tulips are perfectly hardy, so that 
only a slight protection is required from extreme- 
ly cold and sharp winds. 

Many of the single varieties force readily and 
have become great favorites in the house in mid- 
winter. If potted in September and treated as 
directed for hyacinths they may be had in bloom 
in December. When they show a tendency to 
bloom just above the bulbs they must be kept 
longer in the dark to draw out the flower stems. 
A splendid effect is obtained by planting from 
three to a dozen bulbs in a medium-sized pot. 

All single early varieties commence flowering 
two weeks in advance of other sorts of tulips 
and are admirably adapted to culture in pots, 
borders or beds. 




A Good-bye Word to the Reader 



The recitation is over. Together -zve have read a fezv pages 
of "Nature's infinite book of Secrecy" and, I trust, zve have learned 
to syllabicate and articulate some of her motherlv croon. I have 
taken you zvith me in a conz'crsational trip around the z^'orld, and 
endeavored to enforce the lesson of beautiful yards by the presen- 
tation of many pictures shozving the best style of garden com- 



positions. My efforts zvere intended to increase your appreciation 
of the natural beauty in trees and shnd^s and flozvers, but I frankly 
ozvn that my love for them Jias been increased in the telling. And 
after all that has been said of the beauty of flozvers, I zvant to zvrite 
it dozvn as the last sentence in this book that the fairest are those 
that grozv zvithin our hearts. The class is dismissed. 



164 THE GRBBNING PICTORIAL 

Index to Descriptive Text 



Page No. 



Annual Flowers 45 

Ants in Lawns 23 

Arborgola 14 

Author's Own Garden '. 7 

Bailey, Prof 95 

Basic Principles 16 

Bower Bird 96 

Bulbs 34,35 

Burbank, Luther 113 

Car Barns, Ypsilanti, Mich 53 

Cemeteries, Article on 25 

Cemeteries, Evergreens for. ... 26 

Cemeteries, Varieties for 25 

Clinton Hotel and Sanitarium.. 130 

College Grounds 38 

Color Chart 56 

Conifers, Lecture on 43 

Corporation Work 15 

Country Homes 40 

Custer Monument 6 

Ellipse, The 57 

Esplanade 114 

Exposition Grounds 39,81 

Evergreens for Cemeteries .... 26, 94 

European Playgrounds 48 

Fact to Remember, A. . . 128 

Factory Grounds 37 

Family Fruit Garden 85,131 

Forests, Conservation of 49 

Forests, Artificial 50 

Forestry, Course in 51 

Formal Gardens 16 

Formulas for Insects 132 

Golden Gate Park 124 

Grandmother's Garden 31 

Greening Lectures 43,44 

Greening System of Pruning... 133 

Hamburg, Germany 101 

Hansen, Prof 116 

Hardy Trees and Shrubs 24 

Hedges 19,32 

HercuHne Tree Machine 39 

Hive, The Spirit of 55 

Holy Cross Cemetery 136 

Horticultural Adviser.. 19 

House of David 129 

I Invite 139 

Insects, Formulas for L32 

Italian Garden 88 

Japanese Garden 124 

Japan Maples 97 

Lake Poets 69 

Landscape Plans 127 

Landscape Gardening School 42, 110 

Lawn Making 21 

Lectures at Greening Nursery 43, 44 

Longfellow 102 

Longpre, Paul de 128 

Lotus B.eds 87,109 

Lure, The 102 

Macadam Roadways 52 

Memory Garden 104 

Model Country Home 131,138 

Money by Subscription 47 

Monroe Marshes 87,109 

Mt. Vernon 75 



Page No. 

Munich, Germany 122 

Municipal Work 15 

Nasturtiums 46 

Natural Gardens 16 

New Orleans. Scenes in 74 

New Way, The 113 

Old-fashioned Gardens 31 

Old Way, The 13 

Our System 13 

Outdoor Parlor 33 

Owen Stanley Range 96 

Pansies 46 

Park Donations 46 

Parkway Planting 47 

Parlor, Outdoor 33 

Parterre 106,107 

Pasadena, Calif 121, 128 

Perennial Flowers 31 

Pergola in Cemetery 25 

Pictorial Section 59 

Pictorial System 20 

Postgraduate Study 42 

President Taft 6 

Privet Arch 60 

Public Playgrounds 47 

Railroad Landscape Gardening.. 53 

Rag-time Gardens 56 

Reforestation 49 

Roadways, Building of 52 

Roof Garden, TuUer Hotel 54 

Rose Arbor 28 

Roses, Article on 28 

Roses, Mulching Beds 30 

Roses, Pruning of 30 

Roses, Varieties of 28 

School Grounds 38 

Scientific Institute 37 

Scott, Sir Walter 84 

Screens 33 

Seed for Lawns 23 

Shakespeare 90 

Shrubs for Cemeteries 25 

Shrubs for Shady Places 27 

Shrubs, Hardy Varieties 24 

Soil Renovation, Lecture on.... 44 

Spanish Patio 109 

Spirit of the Hive 55 

Spraying, Lecture on 44 

State Fair Exhibit 39 

St. Mary's College 12 

Sunken Garden 14, 88 

Sweet Peas 45 

Tree Propagation, Lecture on.. 43 

Tree Surgery 126 

Trinity of Service 13 

Tubers, Spring 35 

Tulips in Beds 34,35 

Typical Effects 58 

Vines on House 24,38 

Walks and Drives 17 

Water — universal manure 36 

Water Gardens 40 

Watering Lawns 22 

Windbreaks 32 

Wilton, Leonard 85 

Woodlots, Planting of 51 



OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 

Index to Illustrations 



Plate No. 

Alpine Plants 100 

Arborgola 3 

Artistic Garden View 154, 104 

Artistic Driveway 114 

Ash Trees for Street 103 

Author's Country Home 153 

Auto House 163 

Backgrounds 77 

Back Yards 59, 67, 76, 144, 169 

Beautiful Parterre 143 

Beautiful Vista 131 

Boston Ivy on Wall 28 

Bower Bird 124 

Bower of Rustic Beauty 17 

Catalpa Bungei 67, 115, 149 

Cemeteries, Pergola in 13 

Cemetery Entrance 120, 134 

" Evergreens for... 15, 175 

Cemetery, New Orleans 79 

Colonial Garden 63, 81 

Color Chart 45 

Completed Landscape 7 

Country Home 127 

Cozy-Corner 68 

Design for Pergola 180 

Deutzia Border 106, 142 

Disappearing Walk 82 

Doctoring Trees 181, 182 

Double Reverse Curve 57 

Dutch Garden 174 

Egyptian Gardens 64 

Ellipse, The 46, 47, 48, 49 

Englishman's Home 30 

Entrance to Woods 58 

Entrance Gate 173 

Entrance to Cemetery 120, 134 

Esplanade 159 

Evergreens 86, 90, 109, 175 

Exposition Grounds 28, 93 

Family Fruit Garden 102, 189 

Flower-Covered Terrace 138 

Flowery Glen 50 

Forest, Artificial 39 

Forestry Nursery 38 

Fork in the Road 146 

Formal Garden .. 94, 148, 149, 168, 172 

Fraternity House 151 

Front Yard 84 

Garden Entrance 40 

Gentleman's Estate 65 

Grape-Arbor 71, 178 

Grass Walk 128 

Greening Avenue 98 

Greening Exhibit 28 

Greening Lectures 32, 33, 34, 35 

Greening's Horticultural Garden. 53 
Greening Method of Summer 

Pruning 190-198 

Greening Park 21, 167, 168 

Hardy Garden 92 

Hedge, Arbor Vits 74 

H^erculine Tree Machine 39 

Hive, The 31, 44 

Hydrangea 119, 121 

Improved Farm ilouse 199 



Plate No. 

Informal Garden 53, 56 

Italian Garden 107, 132, 137 

Japanese Garden 37, 179 

Japan Maples 125 

Landscape Plans 185-189 

Lawn Scene 139, 160, 171 

Lovers' Lane 18 

Memory Garden 140 

Midsummer Scene 8 

Model Country Home 188 

Narcissi in Woods 19, 41 

Narcissi Naturalized 41 

Natural Pond 108 

Natural Theater 88 

Neglected Approach 70 

Novel Idea 176 

Old-Fashioned Garden 101, 147 

Open Lawn Treatment 11 

Ornamental Grasses 165 

Ornamental Terrace 164 

Pseonies 170 

Park Scene 5, 21, 24, 78, 80 

Park Subdivision 122 

Parkway Planting. . .36, 89, 103, 177 
Paul de Longpre, Residence of. . 184 
Pergola.. 59, 60, 97, 102, 123, 178, 180 

Pergola in Cemetery 13 

Pergola Overlooking Garden... 29 

Picturesque Scene 4, 100 

Pomono Lane -. 20 

President Taft 85, 158 

Privet Arch, Hedges, etc .. 51, 97, 200 

Pruning Silver Maple 190 

Railroad Grounds 25, 42 

Rear Approach 129 

Residence Street 52 

Residential Grounds 113 

Residential Hotel 110 

Right Way of Planting 112 

Rippling Brook 130 

Roof Garden 43 

Rose Garden 145 

Rustic Arbor 72 

Rustic Summer House 116 

Scene in Rolling Country 83 

Screens 91, 117 

Shasta Daisy 113 

Shrubs for Narrow Space 54 

Shutting off Unsightly View... 75 
Side Entrance to Mansion .. 1 1, 95, 99 

Somewhere to Somewhere 162 

Street-Curb Gardening. ... 36, 89, 177 

Strong Contrasts 135 

Surveying 183 

Sunken Garden 2, 141 

Sylvan Retreat 15 

The Three are One 1 

The Lure 136 

Tree Surgery 181, 182 

Tulip Beds 22, 23 

Vegetable Garden 161 

Vine-Embowed House 72 

Vines on Wall 25, 38, 62 

Water Scene 69, 105, 150 

Wrong Way of Planting Ill 



THE GREENING LANDSCAPE COMPANY, MONROE, MICHIGAN 



Index to Botanical Names Index to Common Names 



Abies 145 

Acanthus 159 

Acer 140 

Achillea 159 

Aescuhis 140 

Ailantus 140 

Akebia 153 

Alnus 140 

Amorpha 148 

Ampelopsrs 153 

Amygdalis 148 

Anemone 159 

Aquilegia 159 

Aralia 141 

Arbor Vitje 146 

Aristolochia 153 

Aster, hardy 159 

Astilbe 159 

Berberis 148 

Betula 141, 145 

Bocconia 159 

Buxus 147 

Caladium 161 

Calicanthus 149 

Campanula 159 

Canna 161 

Caragana 149 

Catalpa 141 

Cedrus 145 

Celastrus 153 

Celtis 141 

Cerasis 141, 144 

Cercis 141 

Chionanthus 149 

Chionodoxa 162 

Chrysanthemum . . 159 

Clematis 154 

Clethra 149 

Colutea 149 

Cornus 141, 149 

Corylus 149 

Crataegus 141 

Crocus 162 

Cupressus 145 

Cydonia 149 

Cytisus 141 

Dahlia 161 

Daphne 147 

Diervilla 150 

Delphinium 159 

Desmodium 149 

Deutzia 149 

Dianthus 160 

Dicentra 160 



Digitalis 160 

Dioscorea 154 

Elaeagnus 150 

Euonymus 147 

Eulalia 160 

Exocliorda 150 

Fagus 141, 144 

Forsythia 150 

Fraxinus 141 

Fnnkia : 160 

Gaillardia 160 

Galanthus 162 

Gladioli 162 

Gleditschia 141 

Gymnocladus 141 

Halesia 142 

Hamamelis 150 

Hedera 153 

Hibiscus 150 

Hollyhock 160 

Hyacinths 162 

Hydrangea 150 

Hypericum 151 

Iris 160 

Jonquils 163 

Juniperus 146 

Kerria 149 

Kolreuteria 142 

Larix 142 

Ligustrum 151 

Lilies 162 

Lindera 151 

Liquidambar 142 

Liriodendron 142 

Lonicera 151, 154 

Eychnis 160 

Lycium 154 

Magnolia 142 

Mahonia 147 

Morus 144 

Narcissus 163 

Negundo 140 

Paeonia 160 

Perennials 159 



Philadelphus 151 

Phlox 160 

Picea 146 

Pinus 146 

Plantanus 142 

Platycodon 160 

Populus 143 

Prunus 143, 151 

Pyrethrum 160 

Pyrns .. ..143, 145, 151 

Quercus 143 

Ramanas Roses ... 151 

Retinospora 146 

Rhamnus 151 

Rhododendron .... 147 

Rhodotypus 151 

Rhus 152 

Ribes 152 

Robinia 152 

Rosea 155 

Rudbeckia 160 

Salisburia 143 

Salix 144, 145 

Salvia 160 

Sambucus 152 

Sassafras 144 

Sophora 144 

Sorbus 143 

Spirasa 155, 160 

Stokesia 160 

Symphoricarpus . . 152 

Syringa 153 

Tamarix 153 

Tecoma 154 

Thuya 146 

Tilia 144 

Tsuga 147 

Trillium 160 

Tritoma 160 ■ 

Tuberose 162 

Tulips 163 

Ulmus 144, 145 

Viburnum 153 

Wistaria 154 

Yucca 160 



Acacia Locust .... 152 

Adam's Needle ... 160 

Akebia 153 

Alder 140 

Althea 150 

Angelica Tree 141 

Annuals 45 

Arbor Vitae 146 

Ash 141,143,145 

Astilbe 159 

Asters 46 

Barberry 148 

Basswood 144 

Bear's Breech .... 159 

Beech 141, 144 

Bell-flower 160 

Bignonia 153 

Birch 141, 145 

Bird Cherry 143 

Bittersweet 153 

Bladder Senna ... 149 
Blanket Flower ... 160 
Bleeding Heart ... 160 

Boston Ivy 153 

Box Elder 140 

Boxwood 147 

Bridal Wreath ... 152 

Buckthorn 151 

Buttonwood 142 

Caladium 161 

Canna 161 

Care of Stock 148 

Carolina Allspice.. 149 

Catalpa 141 

Cedar 145, 146 

Celestial Tree .... 140 

Chrysanthemum . . 159 

Cinnamon Vine.... 154 

Clematis 154 

Columbines 159 

Corchorus 149 

Crocus 162 

Cucumber Tree. . . . 142 

Cypress 145, 146 

Dahlia 161 

Desmodium 149 

Deutzia 149 

Dogwood 141, 149 

Dutchman's Pipe.. 153 

Eglantine 151 

Elder 152 

Elm 141, 145 

English Ivy 153 

Evergreens ....26, 145 

False Indigo 148 

Filbert 149 



Fir 145 

Flowering Almond. 152 
Cherry.141,144 
Crab .... 143 
" Currant. . 152 
Thorn ... 141 

Foxglove 160 

Fringe Tree 149 

Garland Flower... 147 

Giant Daisy 160 

Ginkgo 143 

Gladioli 162 

Golden Bell 150 

Golden Glow 160 

Grasses, Flardy... 160 

Hackberry 141 

Harebell 159 

Hardy Sage 160 

Hazel 149 

Hemlock Spruce.. 147 

Honey Locust.... 141 
Honeysuckle . . 151, 154 

Horse Chestnut. . . 140 

Hyacinths 162 

Hydrangea 150 

Indian Currant .... 153 

Iris 160 

Ivy 153 

Japan Quince 149 

Jonquils 163 

judas Tree 141 

Kentucky Coffee 
Tree 141 

Laburnum 141 

Larch 142 

Larkspur 159 

Lilies 162 

Lilac 153 

Linden 144 

Locust 141 

Magnolia 142 

Mahonia 147 

Maidenhair Tree... 143 
Matrimony Vine. . . 154 

Maltese Cross 160 

Maple 140 

Michalmas Daisies. 159 

Mock Orange 151 

Mountain Ash.. 143, 145 
Mulberry 33, 144 

Narcissus. ... 31, 52, 163 
Nasturtiums 46 

Oak 143 

Oleaster 150 

Paeonia 160 



Pagoda Tree 144 

Pansies 46 

Pea Shrub 149 

Pearl Bush 150 

Phlox 160 

Pine 146 

Plane Tree 142 

Planting Shrubs. .. 148 

Plum, Purple 143 

Plume Poppy 159 

Poplar 143 

Privet 151 

Pruning Shrubs.. . . 148 

Purple Fringe 152 

Red Bud 141 

Red-hot Poker. . . . 160 

Rhododendron .... 147 

Rhodotypus 151 

Rosa Rugosa 151 

Roses 155 

Rose of Sharon... 150 

Sassafras 144 

Silver Bell 142 

Spiraea 152 

Smoke Tree 152 

Snowball 153 

Snowberry 152 

Snowdrop 162 

Spice Bush 151 

Spruce 146 

Strawberry Tree.. 150 
St. John's Wort. . . 151 

Stokes' Aster 160 

Sumac 152 

Sweetbrier 151 

Sweet Gum 142 

Sweet William 160 

Sweet Pepper Bush. 149 

Sweet Peas 45 

Sycamore 142 

Syringa 151 

Tamarisk 153 

The Pearl 159 

Tree of Heaven... 140 

Tuberoses 162 

Tulip Tree 142 

Tulips 34, 35, 163 

Umbrella Tree. . . . 142 

Varnish Tree 142 

Virginia Creeper... 153 

Weigelia 150 

Willow 144, 145 

Windflower 159 

Wistaria 154 

Witch Hazel 150 

Wood Lily 160 

Yucca 160 



'envoi 



The zcrifiiig of this book has been a hibor of love. I sxvid it forth on its mission ivitli the high 
hope that it xcill give some measure of pleasure to all my readers — to you zvho read these lines. Its 
object is to make you acquainted witli the out-of-doors. It longs to nuike you see nez^' beauties in 
the commo)i things of the garden's care, the cheery oif spring begotten of the earth and air. It seeks 
to driz'e from out your mind the worry of your daily strife and xvoo you with a lover's ^ro/ to the 
glories of the " simple life." It tries to i^'in you back to Eden once again. 

My Contributors 

My thanks are due, first of all. to Mr. Arzcna Ferdiue Louglois. ivhose genial spirit was never 
banished from tlie Eden of his youth, and zcho for more than tzcenty years has been my steadfast 
friend. His love of flowers and dez'otion to his art have kept alive and beautiful z^'itliin his soul a 
garden where the serpent of deception does not crawl and the apples of ashes do not grozv. In the 
todsome days of preparation, zdicn my brain grezi' zveary ami my pen z^'as numb, his practical garden 
experience and the felicity of phrase, characteristic of his race, zvere to me a cheer and a support. 

I am also indebted to Donbleday, Page & Company, publishers of Country Life in America and 
The Garden Magazine, for the use of many garden viezv's ; also to Mr. N. R. Graz'cs for a nundier 
of such z'iezvs; to Mr. Paul dc Longpre, the zvorld's greatest painter of flozver forms, for a viezv of 
his grounds in California ; to Mr. E. Jl\ Brooks, vice-president of the Detroit United Railzvay, for a 
z'iezv of the Ypsilanti pozi'er-house ; to Mr. L. IF. Tuller, Detroit, Mich., for a z'iezv of his hotel cafe; 
to the Sisters of St. Mary's College for a number of zlez^'s from their grounds; to D. M. Eerry & 
Co., for the loan of a cut; and to the Grand Trunk Literary and Scioititic Institute. Battle Creek, 
Mich., for the cut illustrating the article on Eactory Grounds. 

And lastly, I zcaut to thank The Blade Printing and Paper Co., Toledo, Ohio, for the excellent 
typography and artistic mechanical make-up of this book. I conhdcjitly beliez'c that in all the range of 
horticultural literature there is nothing to surpass it in excellence of z^'orkmanship and beauty of hnish. 




m 91947 



